- •Е.Н.Бобровская, е.Ю.Вовк, е.Г.Эсаулова
- •Contents Page
- •Grammar in Use 117
- •Verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the English Verbs)
- •In phrases, with one or more accompanying words.
- •The Infinitive
- •2. Introduction
- •3. Forms
- •Bare Infinitive
- •Functions
- •Functions of the infinitive
- •6. Infinitive Constructions
- •6.1. The Objective with the Infinitive Construction
- •6.2. The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •Grammar practice
- •5. A) Use the infinitive in the non-perfect form of the active or passive voice.
- •6. Use either of the infinitives in brackets, give two variants where possible and explain the difference.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the dialogue; find all the bare infinitives and explain their use. Act out the dialogue in class.
- •I’d Rather Pack Now
- •2. Your friend is going away on holiday. Now, she (he) is packing her (his) suitcase. You are trying to help by giving advice.
- •3. Make up dialogues using the given phrases:
- •Read the text; find all the infinitives and state their functions. Retell the passage.
- •Read the story. State the functions of the infinitives. Retell the story using as many infinitives as possible.
- •Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •9. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •Read the dialogue. Find all the Objective-with-the Infinitive Constructions in it and explain their use. Learn the dialogue and act it out in class. Do the tasks below.
- •Read the story “Shark-eating people” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the story “Sea Saga” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive construction where possible:
- •Read the extract about the Bermuda Triangle. Retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the text. Do the tasks below. A Road Accident
- •Read the following article about Christopher Columbus and list the information about him in your notebook under the two headings below, use the Subjective Infinitive Constructions.
- •Complete the sentences with the For-to-Infinitive Constructions and act out the dialogues.
- •In the Station Buffet
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Nursery rhymes and poems.
- •Idealists
- •4. Familiar Quotations
- •5. Funny Stories
- •The Science of Speaking
- •6. Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •The Gerund
- •7. Introduction
- •8. Forms of the Gerund
- •9. Functions of the Gerund
- •Functions of the gerund
- •10. Gerundial Predicative Constructions
- •11. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun
- •12. The Infinitive and the Gerund
- •Predicative
- •The main thing
- •Part of a predicative
- •Prepositional Object
- •Grammar practice
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the story below and find all the gerunds. State their functions.
- •2. Read the following articles and answer the questions below. Nurses can help people give up smoking
- •Cigarettes kill 7 times more than roads major effort urged to stop child smokers
- •Let’s talk
- •1. What’s the problem in Trudy’s family? How common is it?
- •2. Sum up the advice given by the readers. Which of the advice may help, do you think? Which advice would you follow if you had the same problem? What advice would you offer Trudy?
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes
- •5. Poems
- •6. Funny Stories No Use Trying
- •Friendly Advice
- •It Speaks for Itself
- •Tiger Hunting
- •A High Price
- •The Participle
- •14. Introduction
- •15. Forms of the Participle
- •An escaped prisoner
- •16. Functions of the participle
- •16.1. Attribute
- •16.2. Adverbial Modifier
- •16.3. Predicative
- •17. Misrelated Participles
- •18. Predicative Constructions with the Participle
- •18.1. The Objective Participial Construction
- •18.2. The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The subjective construction with
- •18.3. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.4. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.5. Absolute Constructions without a Participle
- •19. The Gerund and the Participle
- •Grammar in use
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Alcohol and you
- •Did you know?
- •Alcohol myths
- •2. A) Read the following news story and answer questions about it.
- •Women in aids frontline Main cause of death for women aged 20-40
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes and Poems
- •5. Funny Stories
- •General revision
- •1. Find all the verbals in the following text, state their functions. Going on a Trip
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •5. Use a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive, or a construction instead of the verbs given in brackets; underline them, name the non-finite form used and state its function.
- •6. Put in the correct forms. Tell the story to the class.
- •List of Grammar Books
- •398020 Г.Липецк, ул.Ленина, 42
4. Familiar Quotations
Read the quotations and choose one to react to.
Explain its meaning in your own words. b) Do you agree with it? Write a two-page reaction to the quotation.
The world is governed more by appearances than by realities, so that it is fully as necessary to seem to know something as to know it.
Webster
It is human nature to think wisely and to act foolishly.
France
They have a right to censure that have a heart to help.
Penn
To be absolutely certain about something, one must know everything or nothing about it.
The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up.
Mark Twain
To avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, be nothing.
Elbert Hubbard
One of the secrets of life is to keep our intellectual curiosity acute.
Phelps
Some people are so afraid to die that they never begin to live.
Van Dyke
There are two tragedies in life. One is not to get your heart’s desire. The other is to get it.
Bernard Shaw
In all things it is better to hope than to despair.
Goethe
Difficulties are meant to rouse, not to discourage.
Channing
It’s better to be alone than in bad company.
George Washington
To find the fault is easy; to do better may be difficult.
Plutarch
The best way to convince a fool that he is wrong is to let him have his own way.
Billings
To err is human, to forgive divine.
Pope
The only way to have a friend is to be one.
Emerson
5. Funny Stories
Read these funny stories, choose one to tell to your class-mates. Could you tell any more stories with the Infinitive?
A Boy Who Can’t Behave
“Oh, auntie!” cried little Annie, ”Make Freddie behave himself. Every time I hit him on the head he bursts out crying!”
Not Frightened
A landlord is said to have sent the following message to his steward: ”Tell my tenants that no threats to kill you are likely to frighten me. They are sure to pay the rent when they realize it.”
A Singular Man
Brother: Are you really going to marry John? He is said to be strange. At any rate, he is unlike other young men.
Sister: Oh, yes, I’m determined to marry him. If he is indeed unlike other young men, he is likely to make a very good husband.
The Medicine Must be of Use
A woman, who is known to be both irritable and short-tempered, is pressing her husband to take some very unpleasant medicine for his cold. “I’ll be hanged if it doesn’t help you,” she exclaims, already out of patience with her husband. “Do take it, old boy,” says a friend, who has called on the invalid, “it is sure to do you good one way or the other.”
Is Love Blind?
A young man had been talking to his friend about his bride. The friend kept silence all the while. When at last the young lover asked for his opinion, he said, “What do you expect me to say? Love is said to be blind. But the statement seems to be completely wrong. For some fellows in love appear to see more virtues in their sweethearts than any other people are ever likely to.”
Modesty
“ A real man of genius is above all modest,” says a young poet,” he never brags. Modesty is a true sign of greatness. For instance, have you ever heard me praise myself?”
Prepared in Advance
Barrister (speaking to a witness): I want you to tell me the truth and only the truth. How far were you standing from the place of the accident?
Witness (without a moment’s hesitation): Just four yards, two feet and six inches.
Barrister (slightly taken aback): How can you be so exact?
Witness: Well, I expected some fool to ask me this question and I thought it fit to measure the distance.