18.5. Absolute Constructions without a Participle

Instead of a participle, the second element of absolute constructions may be an adjective, an adverb, or a prepositional phrase. The constructions are usually separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma.

1. The Nominative Absolute Construction is used in the function of an adverbial modifier of time or attendant circumstances.

Breakfast over, he returned to his office.

Manson went home alone, his heart full of strange emotions.

Compare: Breakfast over, … indicates time.

Breakfast being over, … expresses cause.

2. The Prepositional Absolute construction is mostly used in the function of an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances.

I found him ready and waiting for me, with his coat over his arm.

19. The Gerund and the Participle

The Gerund and Participle I have identical forms (so-called ing-form) and are sometimes confused. In fact, however, they are not difficult to distinguish as they have different syntactic functions and are used in different patterns.

• Unlike the participle, the gerund can be used in the functions of a subject and object.

• Both the gerund and the participle can be used as an attribute and adverbial modifier, but in these functions, the gerund is always preceded by prepositions.

Compare: After leaving the building, the man hailed a taxi. (gerund)

Leaving the building, the man …(participle)

The participle is never precede by prepositions, though may be used after a conjunction.

While phoning abroad, dial 065.

c) Unlike the participle, the gerund may be modified by a noun in the possessive case or a possessive pronoun.

I don’t like your going without me.

Grammar in use

Ex. 1. Point out verbal, adjectival and adverbial char­acteristics of Participle I in the following sentences.

1. Nick looked on at the moon, coming up over the hills. (E. H.) 2. Obediently shutting the door, Edna advanced into the room... . (A. Chr.) 3. I got a telegram from Bill's uncle asking me to come. (P. W.) 4. Having got his son back like this, he felt he must know what was his financial position. (Galsw.) 5. His wife was of the opinion that a frown suited his... face, giving it authority. (White) 6. To begin with, it appears he caught sight of a man behaving suspiciously. (A. Chr.) 7. The car stopped. Drawing a long breath Pat got out. (F. F.) 8. The photograph showed a young girl standing... against the conventional background of a photographer's studio, a pagoda and a group of palm trees. (S. M.) 9. Having arrived in front of it (the house), she put her hands to her mouth in trumpet form and shouted: "I! I! I! Sallyl" (S. M.) 10. Sally saw the advertisement of a play being acted at the neighbouring town. (S. M.) 11. "Nonsense," said Caroline in reply... "you'll see. Ten to one she's left a letter confess­ing everything." (A. Chr.) 12. Turning slowly, holding on to the wall, he dragged his way back into his room. (Cron.) 13. The following evening, having refused Elliot's telephoned offer to fetch me, I arrived quite safely at Mrs. Bradley's house. (S. M.) 14. ...pushing the people aside, he made his way through the crowd... . (S. M.) 15. And for a moment they all three stood silently looking at one another. (S. M.) 16. ...quickly taking her handkerchief, she hid her face in it and began to sob broken-heartedly. (S. M.)

Ex. 2. Translate what is given in brackets using:

a) Participle I (active, non-perfect) in attributive phrases where possible.

1. We came up to the man (стоявшему на углу) and asked him the way. 2. Go to the corner and ask the militiaman, (стоящего там) to show you the way. 3. The man (стоящий у расписания) was our teacher last vear. 4. Did you see in what direction the man (стоявший здесь) went. 5. He wants to write a book (которая подытожила) h is impressions of the trip. 6. A new power plant is to be built here in two years (которая будет снабжать электричеством) a number of industrial regions. The people (ожидающие доктора) have been sitting here for a long time. 8. The people (ожидавшие вас) have just gone.

b, с) Participle I (active, perfect or non-perfect) in adverbial phrases.

1. (Рассказав все, что он знал) the witness left the box. 2. (Постучав дважды и не получив ответа) he decided that there was nobody in. 3. (Толкнув дверь) he felt that it was not locked, and (открыв ее) he looked inside. 4. (Тихо закрыв за собой дверь) hе tiptoed into the room. 5. Each time (рассказывая об этом cлучае) he could not help a smile. 6. (Приехав в гостиницу) she found a telegram awaiting her. 7. (Приехав сюда) only a few years before he knew those parts as if he had always lived there. 8. We took a trip in a motor-launch down the river and spent the whole day on the water, (приехав обратно) when it was dark. 9. I felt very tired (проработав целый день) in the sun. 10. (Опустив монету и подняв трубку) he began to dial the number. 11. (Уронив монету на пол) he did not care to look for it in the darkness and took another one.

d) Participle I (passive, perfect or non-perfect) in attributive or adverbial phrases where possible.

1, The conference (проходящая сейчас) at the University is devoted to problems of nuclear physics. 2. Unable to attend the fence (проходившую тогда) at the University, we asked to be sent the type-written reports. 3. They are now at a conference (которая проходит) at the University. 4, They stood (у заправлявшейся машины) and watched the meter. 5. The sight of (накрываемого столa) made my mouth water. 6. Suddenly I heard a sound of a key (поворачиваемого) in the lock. 7. (Когда их поставили в воду) the flowers opened their petals. 8. The flowers faded (так как их долгое время держали без воды).

Ex. 3. Substitute Participle I for a finite verb where possible making all other necessary changes.

1. When he arrived at the gallery, he paid his entrance fee, picked up a catalogue and entered. 2. As they were promised assistance they felt more assured. 3. We shall drop you a line as soon as we have settled at the new place. 4. After he was shown in he was asked to wait a while. 5. The parks and gardens that are being laid out in the city will very soon form a green belt all around it. 6. They started the construction of the dam early in spring and completed it before cold weather set in. 7. He lit a cigarette, leaned against the porch rail and looked at the trees and the rain that was pouring down steadily and monotonously. 8. It has been planned to dig out a new canal here which will supply the whole area with water for irrigation. 9. When she going down the steps she suddenly stopped as she remembered that she left the gas burning. 10. He stood at the counter and hesitated, he did not know what to choose. 11. After they had finalized the programme, they proceeded to the discussion of t items that dealt with financial matters. 12. As he had long been resident of the city and knew the family very well, he at once recognized the young man whom he remembered as a boy. 13.He knows the language better than a foreigner usually does, for he has been living in France for a long time. 14. Though he had lived there for a long time, he knew very few people in the neighbourhood.

Ex. 4. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form Participle I.

1. (to reject) by the editorial board, the story was returned to the author for revision. 2. (to reject) by publishers several times, the story was accepted by a weekly magazine. 3. (to wait) for some time in the reception room, he was asked into the office 4. (to wait) in the reception room, he thought over what he woud say when he was asked into the office. 5. They reached the peak at dusk, (to leave) their camp with the first light. 6. They put up for the night at a temporary camp, (to leave) it at dawn. 7. The friends went out into the city (to leave) their cases at the left luggage department. 8. (to write) and (to leave) a note with the porter, he said he would be back in a half-hour. 9. (to write) in an archaic language, the book was difficult to read. 10. (to write) his first book, he could not go far beyond his own experience. 11. (to be) away so long he was happy to be coming back. 12. (to be) so far away he still felt himself part of his community. 13.The children looked wonderingly at the elephant, never (to see) such a huge animal. 14. Not (to want) to go deeper into the matter he abruptly changed the conversation.

Ex. 5. Translate the Russian participles in brackets by the English Participle II where possible.

1. The number of apartment houses (строящихся) for the population of Moscow is rapidly growing. 2. What is the number of apartment houses (построенных) in the past few years? 3. The houses (строившиеся) many years ago are not as convenient as the modern ones. 4. The workers (строившие) this house used new construction methods. 5. At the conference they discussed new methods (применяемые) in building. 6. The new methods (приме­ненные) in the building of houses proved more effective. 7. They decided to abandon some of the methods (применявшихся) for­merly in building. 8. The bricklayer (применивший) a new method in building made a report at the conference. 9. Here are some samples of the products of this plant (посылаемые) to different parts of the country. 10. These are the samples of products (послан­ных) last month. 11. Here are the samples of products of the plants (посылавших) us machinery. 12. These are the samples of products (посылавшихся) before the restoration of the plant.

Ex. 6. Translate into English using participles where possible.

1. Оставив вещи в камере хранения, мы пошли осматривать город. 2. Оставляя .пальто в гардеробе, вы получаете номер. 3. Человек, оставивший свой чемодан в вестибюле, прошел к администратору. 4. Пассажиры, оставляющие свои вещи в камере хранения, получают квитанцию. 5. Вещи, оставляемые в камере хранения, сохраняются там двадцать дней. 6. Вещи, оставленные в трамвае, могут быть получены в любое время на станции у дежурного. 7. Оставшись один, он начал распаковы­вать вещи. 8. Я не мог переодеться, так как оставил вещи на вокзале. 9. Мы пробыли весь день в городе и уехали вечером. 10. Купив билеты и оставив вещи на вокзале, мы решили навес­тить друзей.

Ex. 7. State the form of the participle.

1. Turning round, he stared at me, but I perceived he did not see me. (S. M.) 2. I kept silence for a little while, think­ing of what Stroeve had told me. (S. M.) 3. He looked... like a man, who has fallen into the water with all his clothes on, and, being rescued from death, frightened still, feels that he only looks a fool. (S. M.) 4. When Ashendon, having warmly shaken their hands, closed the door behind the pair he heaved a great sigh of relief. (S. M.) 5. ...having tried various topics of conversation... I asked her to tell me who all the people at table were. (S. M.) 6. Neither of us had seen Strick­land for two or three weeks — I because I had been busy with friends who were spending a little while in Paris, and Stroeve because, having quarrelled with him more violent­ly than usual, he had made up his mind to have nothing more to do with him. (S. M.) 7. Above the mantelpiece was a most peculiar picture, which showed nothing more than a child's small wooden chair, painted red... . (Cron.) 8. ...hav­ing inquired the way from one of the group of youths lounging outside the Valley Ice Cream Saloon, he (Andrew) set out for the dentist's house. (Cron.) 9. He went out quickly, shut­ting the door behind him. (A. Chr.) 10. She didn't return with us, having been asked to a supper party... (A. Chr.) 11. In the provinces, you not only know everybody, but you know all their life histories, and can give advice at the drop of a hat on anyone's love problem, having listened to all the telephone conversations and read most of the correspondence relating to the affair. (M. D.) 12. Then she got out and the man seeing her gave an astonished shout. (A. Chr.) 13. I laughed embarrassed, but not wholly displeased with the role thrust upon me. (A. Chr.) 14. There was another silence; Liza sat thinking, and Tom stood at the window, looking at her. (S. M.)

Ex. 8. Use Participle I in the required form instead of the infinitive in brackets.

1. I stood for a moment at the window, (to look) at the gaiety of the day. (S. M.) 2. (fo finish) his toilet, he wrapped himself in a thick overcoat and wound a muffler round his neck. (A. Chr.) 3. And (to reach) the conclusion, he gave no further thought to the matter. (P. W.) 4. And then when the table (to set) for and dinner brought in, he put aside his book and gave her a glance... she was startled... (S. M.) 5. He peered at her, (to blink). (P. W.) 6. He got out of his seat and walked over and stood in front of Janet and Mary, (to look) down at them. (Rob.) 7. ...he writes a long letter to his critic, (to tell) him he is very, sorry he thought his book was bad. (S. M.) 8. His father, (to retire), lived in an unpretentious, but not mean, house. (S. M.) 9. (to revolve) these and... other mat­ters in my mind, I went mechanically on my round. (A. Chr.) 10. It was about ten o'clock at night; I had been dining by myself at a restaurant, and (to return) to my small apartament was sitting in my parlour, reading. (S. M.) 11. (to ruffle) his grizzled hair with an affectionate hand, she remained for a while in silent meditation. (P. W.) 12. He decided to speak to her in the train (to come) home. (Cron.) 13. The next minute... the front door was flung open and he was in the lighted hall (to welcome)... by a short, plump, smiling woman of about forty... . (Cron.) 14. It was not so much the fact that, (to invite down to this place for a... visit, he found himself requested by his host to go and tell his uncle bedtime stories. (P. W.) 15. I came down here, (to hope) that I would get over it. (P. W.) 16. She drank deeply, and, (to do) so, sighed with satisfaction. (P. W.) 17. Again the hands rose eloquent­ly, (to express) better than words could do Mr. Hercule Poi-rot's sense of utter outrage. (A. Chr.) 18. Sam, feeling that the interview, (to reach) this point might be considered over, got up. (P. W.)

Ex. 9. Translate what is given in brackets using Par­ticiple I. Pay attention to the form of Participle I.

1. Presently she came into the kitchen, (вытирая руки передником). 2. I felt I wanted to go out into the garden and remain there, (любуясь бурей). 3. Lucy and Rose entered the train together, (улыбаясь друг другу). 4. (Увидев, что я не пью чай) she brought a bottle of delicious yellow aerated water. 5. "Tea," 1 said, (поставив большую белую чашку перед ним). 6. Snow was falling now in soft, large flakes, (покрывая красные крыши). 7. Men wandered about, look­ing at the women who sat at their windows reading or sewing, (не обращая внимания на прохожих). 8. "It would be a brave man who tried to stand up against Mr. Eden," said his wife, (поджимая губы). 9. (Выбив свою трубку), he inspected it as though it demanded all his attention. 10. Daniel opened a letter, glanced at it and laid it down, (добавив его к неболь­шой стопке писем на столе). 11. "That's odd," he said, (хму­рясь). 12 He turned to me with a puzzled look, and then, (узнав меня), seized my hand. 13. I clenched my hands (пы­таясь успокоиться). 14. (Вернувшись в свой номер), I opened a book and began reading it. 15. Henry, (услышав шум), came into the room. 16. A middle-aged servant with a pale face brought in the supper (бросив взгляд на Эндрю) as she entered. 17. (Промчавшись мимо Лотти), Teddy rushed at the door. 18. He peered at her, (мигая).

Ex 10. Specify the syntactical function of the participles using the conjuctions when, while, if, as if, as though, though, unless, until, once, as.

1. She was about to take a step, which, ... mistaken, might lead to further complications. 2. ... so occupied, he vaguely gathered the impression of somebody darting silently across the road. 3. The man stood still for fully a minute ... debating with himself. 4. I think we now may regard the matter ... settled. 5. A promise accounts to little ... kept. 6. ... resolved to do something, he wouldn't swerve. 7. ... proofread several times the text con­tained a number of misprints. 8. It can't go to press ... signed by the editor. 9. She screamed ... badly hurt. 10:... waiting for you I have looked through all the newspapers and magazines. 11. Your assistant called you leaving a message where he could be found ... needed. 12. The article described him ... having attempted nearly every kind of writing and ... adorning them all. 13. He did not hurry ... pressed for time. 14. He was in a hurry ... pressed for time. 15. He wouldn't hurry ... pressed for time.

Ex. 11. Define the function of Participle I.

1. The returning troops marched up Fifth Avenue. (F. F.) 2. It was a pleasant room overlooking the garden with French windows that opened on it. (A. Chr.) 3. And isn't it always alarming — one's first contact with the natives? (P. W.) 4. Ashenden, standing in front of the fire to warm himself, a cigarette between his lips, made no reply. (S. M.) 5. "Sit down, sit down," she said, waving her hand towards one of the couches. (D. Rob.) 6. Using a direct outside line, Mel dialled his home number. (A. H.) 7. Turning to his sister, he grasped her hand and said in a tone of command: "Well, Juley." (Galsw.) 8. It was a small oil painting representing a pale pink house standing adjacent to a canal... .(A. Chr.) 9. Coming out of the dining-room, we met the other day nurs­es coming in for the ordinary breakfast. (M. D.) 10. There were fleecy white clouds, hovering above Table Mountain, and nestling on the slopes below, right down the sea was the sleeping town gilded... by the morning sunlight. (A. Chr.) 11.Being an actress, she was able to make her point. (A. Chr.)

12. I put on my hat and went out intending to buy a few souvenirs. 13. He sat for a long time watching the flames leap up into the darkness. (Cus.) 14. From it you looked down on the big waves lashing against the black rocks. (A. Chr.) 15. Desolate, he stood in front of the automobile gate with a crowd of staring children, feeling that he had reached the end at last. (F. F.) 16. In this instance my attention wandered to the four people sitting at the next table. (A. Chr.) 17. But this morning he viewed it (his medal) less with pride than with a queer secret entreaty as though trying to restore his condifence in himself. (Cron.)

Ex. 12. Recast the following sentences so as to use con­structions with Participle I instead of attributive clauses.

1. To hide the tears which were coming from her eyes she turned away and walked homewards. 2. Going upstairs she woke the woman who lived on the floor above her. 3. She went with her long, rigorous stride to the steps that led down from Oxford Street. 4. They got into the car which smelt of hot leather and petrol. 5. It was very dark with a gusty wind and a fine spatter of rain, which blew into their faces at street corners. 6. I don't suppose he ever lived in a house that had a bathroom till he was fifty. 7. I noticed as we walked along the street that sometimes the men who passed us stared at my girl-friend. 8. It was a long, wide, straight street that ran parallel with the Vauxhall Bridge. 9. He followed her across the lawn to the table which stood in the shade of a fine tree. 10. He saw in the garden a solemn young man in a brown suit who was striding up and down the lawn. 11. The ship, which had arrived at the dock that afternoon, had taken fourteen days to cross the Atlantic. 12.1 caught sight of a lean man of mourn­ful appearance, who was moving in the opposite direction. 13. In the interval which had elapsed since his parting from Mr. Brown a striking change had taken place in his appear­ance. 14. He looked up. Over the fence which divided the garden from the one next door a familiar face was peering. 15. The photograph which had so excited the young man was the large one that stood in the centre of the mantelpiece. 16. I had said all that I had to say on the subject that had brought me there. 17. He was never at a loss for a remark; .he could discourse on the topics of the day with an ease that prevent­ed his hearer from experiencing any sense of strain.

Ex. 13. Recast the following sentences so as to use con­structions with Participle I instead of adverbial clauses.

1. While Alec had many loyal friends, he also had enemies. 2. Liza, when she was left alone, began to turn things over in her mind. 3. I saw a light in your window as I was passing. 4. Though I felt sorry for him I could not help laughing. 5. When I heard he was in town, I used to send a boy to find him and make him come to dinner with me. 6. When he had finished his tea, Andrew left the kitchen. 7. When Jack reached Andrew he gave a theatrical start of recognition. 8. When he got to Euston he paid off the taxi and inquired for the next train to Dover. 9. When I went upstairs, I found him asleep, with all his clothes on. 10. "I knew Tom well," he said, as he leaned back in his chair and lit the cigar, I had offered him. 11. When I arrived, a little late, I found the party already complete. 12. When his first picture was exhibited they came to Amsterdam to see it, his father and his sister and his mother, and his mother cried, when she looked at it. 13. And while she waited for him to come, her pride began revolting. 14. After we left the bears, we left the Zoo and crossed over this little street in the park. 15. As Andrew pulled on his coat he reflected miserably that he had not exchanged a word with Ada. 16. After the uncle had once concented to the boy's going out with the Browns, he made no further objection to his association with them.

Ex. 14. Complete the following using participial con­structions from the list below.

1. I remained in the garden... . 2. She came into the kitch­en... . 3. He shook my hand... . 4. Suddenly she rose and went to the front door... . 5. He held out his hand... . 6. I could not help laughing... . 7. He left the room... . 8. He laughed merrily... . 9. He got up... . 10. He grasped her hand... . smiling happily; enjoying the gayety of the day; having nothing more to say; putting on her apron; while reading that story; fancying that she heard a knock; feeling that the interview was over; turning to his sister; advancing towards me; shutting the door behind him

Ex. 15. Translate into English using Participle I in the function of an attribute wherever possible or an attributive clause.

1. Девушка, оставившая эту записку, обещала зайти через 2 часа. 2. Студенты, принимающие участие в научных конференциях, всегда узнают много нового и интересного. 3. Студенты, выступившие с содержательными докладами на конференции, были награждены грамотами и диплома­ми. 4. Человек, вошедший в приемную Мэнсона, предста­вился как доктор Денни. 5. Идя по улице, Том Сойер за­метил .незнакомую девочку, глядевшую на него из окна дома Тетчеров. 6. В комнате было очень тихо; единствен­ным звуком, нарушавшим тишину, было тиканье часов. 7. Нельзя не смеяться, читая о приключениях трех друзей, путешествующих вниз по Темзе. 8. Человеком, первым поднявшимся в космос, был советский гражданин, Юрий Гагарин.

Ex. 16. Translate into English using Participle I in the function of an adverbial modifier.

1. Успешно сдав все экзамены, студенты решили ра­ботать летом гидами. 2. Войдя первый раз в класс, моло­дая учительница увидела десятки любопытных глаз, гля­дящих на нее. 3. Играя в шахматы, Стрикленд обычно под­смеивался над своими партнерами. 4. Придя к заключению, что они серьезно больны, трое друзей решили, что они нуж­даются в отдыхе. Уложив свои чемоданы и захватив собаку, они отправились вниз по Темзе. 5. Прочитав несколько страниц, девочка отложила книгу и стала задумчиво смот­реть в окно. 6. Услышав слова Давида Копперфильда «я ваш племянник», тетя Бетси была ошеломлена. 7. Проходя мимо этого дома вчера, я слышала, как кто-то прекрасно пел. 8. Подходя к дому, мать увидела, что дети ждут ее, стоя у калитки. 9. Видя, что Чарли в отчаянии, мать всячес­ки старалась успокоить его. 10. Услышав чьи-то шаги и голоса, Том и Гек спрятались за деревом. Они были очень испуганы, узнав в одном из приближающихся к ним муж­чин индейца Джо. 11. «Проходя мимо, я увидел свет в окне и решил заглянуть к вам и познакомиться», — ска­зал Денни. 12. Когда Джо увидел, что Том красит забор, он направился к нему. Заметив друга, Том начал весело работать, делая вид, что эта работа доставляет ему боль­шое удовольствие. 13. Поссорившись со Стриклендом, Стрёв несколько дней не видел его, но узнав, что Стрикленд бо­лен, он пришел в отчаяние.

Ex. 17. Define the function of Participle II.

1. Rosie looked round with delight at the great dark smoky house, crowded to the ceiling with the inhabitants of South London. (S. M.) 2. Carried away by the melody, Marie went so far as to dance a step or two herself. (P. W.) 3. "Let's skate again," she said, "shall we? With crossed hands." (Bates) 4. They had gazed sadly on the pitted surface of the once smooth lawn. (A. Chr.) 5. Sam looked up, relieved. Dear Old Bates was standing in the lighted doorway. (P. W.) 6. I had been seated at the desk a long time, lost in thought. (H. R.) 7. Again there was a silence in the wooden shed, bro­ken only by the drumming of the rain upon the tin roof. (Cron.) 8. I laughed, embarrassed, but not wholly displeased with the role thrust, upon me. (A. Chr.) 9. Mr. Wrenn, startled, dropped his hat. (P. W.) 10. Embarrassed he didn't know what to say. (Cron.) 11. Poirot shook his head in a dissatisfied man­ner. (A. Chr.) 12. With a smile he looked across at Christine, seated on the opposite seat. (Cron.) 13. Surrounded by dif­ficulties and uncertainty, he longed for Christine. (Cron.) 14. The owner was a half-caste named Horn, with a native wife surrounded by little brown children, and on the ground-floor he had a store where he sold canned goods and cottons. (S. M.)

Ex. 18. Fill in the blanks with Participle II or Participle I (passive) of the verb in brackets.

1. a) The monument ... on this square has been recently unveiled, b) The monument ... on this square will be soon unveiled, (to erect). 2. a) We could hear the noise of furniture ... upstairs, b) For a moment they sat silent ... by the story (to move). 3. a) I cannot forget the story ... by him. b) They listened breathlessly to the story ... by the old man. (to tell). 4. a) One can't fail to notice the progress ... by our group during the last term. b) These are only a few of the attempts now ... to improve the methods of teaching adult students. (to make). 5. a) We live at a time of outer space ... by man. b) "I wish I could live to see outer space ... by man," said the old professor, (to conquer).

Ex. 19. Use Participle I! instead of Participle I where possible.

1. Having been wounded in the leg, he limped a little. 2. Being badly wounded, ho recovered slowly. 3. The boy was wearing a cap similar to those being worn by other jockeys at the stables. 4. The importance of the experiment being made is that it may lead to a discovery of great consequence. 5. Having arrived in a big sea port, I started to look for a job. 6. By this time, having acclimated himself to the atmosphere of the new place, he no longer felt a stranger. 7. Having slept two hours, I felt refreshed and rested. 8. Having been once found on the beach, the stone served now as a paper-weight and was one of the table's decorations. 9. Being sung by the voice of this unseen girl, the strain brought back to me long forgotten memories. 10. Having completed all our preparations, we hired a cab and hurried off. 11. Being completed, the parts were transported to the assembly shop. 12. When the young people, having returned from their day's outing, came into the dining-room, they found dinner ready and served. 13. Not having been approved of by an overwhelming majority of the members of the committee, the proposal was turned down. 14. Never having experienced such difficulties, he was at a loss. 15. Rain is very rare in our parts, but having once begun, it won't stop for days on end.

Ex. 20. Define the Construction with the Participle.

1. Soames lifted his eyes: "I won't have anything said against her," he said unexpectedly. (Glsw.) 2. "We don't want anything changed here, do you understand?" Villier said. (P.A.) 3. He heard his name called by a voice that he did not know. (R.K.) 4. He ordered the horses saddled. (Lnd.) 5. He never took steps to make himself liked. (Ch.B.)" 6. I'll keep you informed. 7. My wife com­manded that the child's crib be removed from the nursery to our bedroom, and she went along to see the order executed. She took me with her, of course. We got the matters arranged with speed. (M.T.) 8. If willing to compose the Mass, he (Mozart) was to state the shortest time in which he could have it finished. 9. He had the books bound in jackets of different colours. 10. "Do you recollect the date," said Mr. Dick, "when King Charles the First had his head cut off?" (Ch.D.)

Ex 21. Translate into English using a complex object with an infinitive or Participle I where possible.

1. Девушка улыбнулась; я увидел, как сверкнули ее бело­снежные зубы. 2. Когда мы вышли рано утром, мы увидели, что трава, кусты и деревья, покрытые росой, сверкали в лучах вос­ходящего солнца. 3. Когда он подошел к морю, он увидел, как два рыбака стояли на берегу и складывали сети. 4. Я заметил, как девушка подняла глаза и снова их опустила. 5. Родители наблюдали, как их дети плавали, ныряли, играли в воде, 6. Я вижу, вы меня понимаете и не сердитесь на меня. 7. Наде­юсь, я не заставил вас долго ждать? 8. Вы когда-нибудь видели, чтобы такое случалось? 9. Дверь комнаты была открыта, и мне было видно, как две молодые женщины оживленно разговари­вали о чем-то за чашкой чая. 10. Я слыхал, что они переехали в другой город. 11. Войдя в комнату, я увидел, что отец разгова­ривает с каким-то человеком, которого я никогда прежде не видел. 12. Он слышал, как она вздохнула при упоминании имени ее сына.-13. Он слышал, как она вздыхала во сне. 14. Она была так занята своими мыслями, что не заметила ни как я вошел, ни как вышел. 15. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как он исполняет эту вещь? 16. Я слышал, что он очень хорошо исполняет эту вещь, 17. Они вышли на палубу и долго стояли там, наблюдая, как вода бурлила и пенилась за кормой. 18. В читальном зале была полная тишина, было только слышно, как шуршали перевора­чиваемые страницы. 19. Вы, я думаю, много читали по этому вопросу. 20. При виде родного города я почувствовала, как у меня радостно вздрогнуло сердце. 21. Я почувствовал, как силы возвращаются ко мне. 22. Я слышал, как он спросил соседа, не может ли он воспользоваться его телефоном. 23. Мы слышали, что они давно работают в этой области и сейчас проводят инте­ресные эксперименты. 24. Шутки конферансье то и дело вызы­вали смех зала.

Ex.22. Use Participle II, infinitive passive or Participle I passive to replace the verb in brackets.

1. He spoke at the top of his voice to make himself (to hear). 2. We should like to have the speeches (to tape-record). 3. They wanted books and magazines in foreign languages (to have) at their library. 4. I have never had this trick (to try) on me. 5. Can you get this note (to cash) for me? 6. The commander ordered the guns (to move) to a new position. 7. He expected his efforts (to reward). 8. They declared that they did not want their affairs (to pry into). 9. We heard the shot, we saw it (to fire). 10. He suddenly felt all the responsibility (to throw) on his shoulders. 11. He sat watching the scenes (to act), a numb feeling at his heart. 12. He found himself (to tear) between the alternatives. 13. Please let it (to understand) clearly. 14. They would not allow the initiative (to take) from their hands. 15. The new equipment enables the experiments (to put) on a wider scale. 16. Suddenly the man felt himself (to pull) off the horse. 17. She'll be very glad to get so much (to take) off her hands. 18. I don't want anything (to con­ceal), I want everything (to deal with) fair. 19. They found their conversation (to stop) by the whistle of the engine. 20. 'He heard the door (to unbolt). 21. I must have the question (to clear up). 22. He easily allowed himself (to carry away) by emotion. 23. I will see this matter (to attend to). 24. When we called for him, we found him already (to go). 25. Soames thought himself (to wrong) in the bargain with Bosinney.

Ex.23. Translate into English.

1. Пиджак мне нравится, но мне хотелось бы укоротить рукава. 2. Вы возьмете покупки с собой, или вы хотите, чтобы вам их доставили? 3. Я нашел, что он сильно изменился. 4. Мы уже два года не меняли обои в своей комнате. 5. Мальчики наблюдали, как разгружали пароход, и завидовали матросам. 6. Директор велел напечатать документ в трех экземплярах. 7. Я думаю, что мы закончим работу раньше срока. 8. У него не хватало опыта, и это давало себя знать. 9. Нам регулярно при­сылают журналы по этим вопросам. 10. Все слышали, как сигнал повторился. 11. Его жена — очень экономная хозяйка, она ничему не даст пропасть даром. 12. Я не хочу, чтобы об этом так часто упоминали. 13. Вы все уладили? 14. У меня есть еще несколько вопросов, на которые я хотел бы получить ответ. 15. Он добился, чтобы его туда послали. 16. Главный инженер распорядился установить эти станки в новом цехе. 17. Я не позволю менять установленного порядка. 18. Он невольно обер­нулся, услышав, как произнесли его имя. 19. Я увидел, что мис­тер Уикфилд был на несколько лет старше, чем когда с него писали этот портрет. 20. Бэзил твердо решил, что никогда не позволит выставлять портрет Дориана. 21. Это все, что у него осталось.

Ex. 24. Translate what is given in brackets with the help of nomi­native absolute constructions.

1. (Так как не было никаких возражений) the plan was adopted. 2. (Поскольку дело обстоит так) we have nothing to wait for. 3. Long she sat half-dressed (сжав руки и опустив голову). 4. Blank silence followed (никто не произнес ни слова), б. (День был солнечный) a pair of glass doors leading to thfr garden were thrown open. 6. Не fell asleep (окно «сталось откры­тым). 7. (Так как не было луны) it was pitch dark in the forest. 8. (Было уже холодно) the summer residents began to leave their country houses. 9. (Когда гости разъехались) the house became solitary again. 10. He rushed into the room (шайка в руках, пальто нараспашку). 11. An epidemic of enteric burst out in Blaenelly (так как канализация в городе была не в порядке). 12. (Многие рабочие в Аберло страдали от туберкулеза легких) Andrew decided to do research work to find causes of the disease. 13. (He было никакого смысла все объяснять ему) I made up my mind to act on my own. 14. He sat lost in thought (перед ним стоял нетронутый обед).

Ex. 25. Translate into English using the nominative absolute construction.

1. Миссис Пейдж была очень мелочной и жадной женщиной, и Эндрью презирал ее. 2. Кристин была хорошей хозяйкой, и, несмотря на ограниченные средства, она сумела сделать их жизнь в Аберло очень уютной. 3. Когда от “Ридженси Компани” пришел ответ на письмо Эндрью, Кристин и Эндрью отправи Лись в Лондон покупать мебель для своего нового дома. 4. Эйза и Эльвира были очень непрактичные люди. Они мало заботились о будущем своих детей. 5. Прогулка в автомобиле Сондры не доставила Клайду удовольствия, мысль о Роберте все время угнетала его. 6. Когда письмо было написано, Джейн вызвалась отнести его на почту. 7. Раскрасневшиеся от мороза, с блестя­щими глазами, возвращались дети после лыжной прогулки.8. Он решился на отчаянный шаг: ему нечего было терять. 9. Оставалось еще полчаса до отхода поезда, и мы решили поужинать на вокзале. 10. Нам придется сойти на следующей станции, так как здесь не останавливаются пассажирские поезда. 11. За ночь река разлилась, и переправа оказалась невозможной. 12. Солнце село. Начало быстро темнеть. 13. Сигнал был дан, и конькобежцы ринулись вперед. 14. Если погода будет благопри­ятной, спортсмены смогут показать высокие результаты. 15. Погода благоприятствовала соревнованиям, и спортсмены показали хорошие результаты. 16. Этот вопрос трактуется в двух томах, так что мне придется просмотреть оба. 17. Мы долго раз­говаривали: он задавал мне вопросы, я охотно на них отвечала 18. Мы скоро дошли до места, оно было всего в нескольких мину­тах ходьбы. 19. Мы вымокли до нитки, а дождь все лил и лил. 20. Было очень сыро и мы с трудом нашли сухое место, где можно было расставить палатку. 21. Если условия позволят, я приеду к вам на лето. 22. Договорившись обо всем, мы распрощались и разошлись до cледующего дня.

Ex. 26. Define the type of predicative constructions with Participle I.

1. The car paused momentarily at the door of the commis­sary. Pat saw blank eyes staring at him and he stared back at them blankly from the rear seat. (F. F.) 2. Cokane and Sartorius are seen returning by the river gate. (B. Sh.) 3. I saw her going off in that direction about a quarter of an hour ago. (A. Chr.) 4. One Yankee businessman had been overheard asking the police why they didn't use tear-gas... . (Lind.) 5. In a moment I heard Stroeve's voice asking if I was in. (S. M.) 6. He braced himself against the slope and felt his feet moving within his swollen boots. (J. Aid.) 7. And in the slight pause young Nickolas was heard saying gently that Violet... was taking lessons in pastel... . (Galsw.) 8. He watched them eating, and decided that they ate like pigs. (J. L.) 9. My door happened to be ajar, and I heard her talking to someone in the passage. (A. Chr.) 10. Shut up in her room she could be heard chattering away hour after hour... (S. M.) 11.I don't feel their absence, I don't want them weep­ing around my deathbed and being polite about me afterwards, which I .believe is the general notion. (Forster) 12. Don't you remember, I said yesterday I'd overheard two people talking about a female called Jane Finn? (A. Chr.) 13. He felt his head trembling slightly with rage as he said this. (Amis.) 14. He could hear his wife breathing quietly, asleep. (E. H.) 15. She could hear him telephoning, stressing the gravity and urgency of the case. (Cron.) 16. I wondered if that was the reason I used to hear my father pacing up and down in his room long after the rest of the house had gone to bed. (H. R.) 17. It set her heart leaping …(Cus.) 18. The hot east wind drove the flames, whipped them up and sent them racing. (Vickers)

Ex. 27. Form objective predicative constructions with Par­ticiple I out of the elements in brackets.

1. ...he saw (a young girl, to be driven) away from the door in tears. (S. M.) 2. I turned my head over my shoulder and saw (she, to stand) in front of the house. (A. Chr.) 3. He felt (her eyes, to rest) on him with a strange, touching look. (Galsw.) 4. Renata watched (he, to smoke). (E. H.) 5. That set (one's heart, to thump). (J. Ch.) 6. It would never do for her to come out and see (he, to talk) there with them. (J. L.) 7. Why on earth didn't you send (Strickland, to pack). (S. M.) 8. And Michael saw (his father-in-law, to stare up) at the Lincoln statue. (Galsw.) 9. Jolly was anxious that they should see (he, to row) so they set forth to the river. (Galsw.) 10.June saw (Soames, to stand) just behind her. (Galsw.) 11. Wilkins had heard (we, to row), and looked at me, and motioned me on. (Cain) 12. Yet their conviction that they had that very moment heard (somebody, to move) in the room had amounted to a certainty. (H. W.) 13. She thought she heard (he, to groan). (S. M.) 14. You'd only to.see (she, to look) at him when she was off guard. (A. Chr.) 15. Giving a side glance at Betty, he saw (she, to watch) him with a warm look of admiration. (Lind.) 16. I could feel (my breath, to tremble) as we drove along and I could feel (she, to look) at me too. (Cain) 17. Even in that first meeting I felt (he, to give) me some of his own courage. (Vickers)

Ex. 28. Complete the following so as to use objective pre­dicative constructions with Participle I.

1. They watched the children... . 2. He didn't see her... . 3. I didn't notice you... . 4. He liked to watch his father... . 5. He found himself... . 6. I've never heard you... . 7. I didn't see anybody... . 8. The girl saw someone... . 9. The blow sent the boy... . 10. He watched the theatre crowd... .11. The wind sent the leaves... . 12. She watched the car... . 13. She heard the footsteps... . 14. I saw the door... . 15. She heard the children... . 16. He felt her... . 17. Did you overhear them... ? 18. We imagine them... .

Ex. 29. Recast the following sentences so as to use objec­tive predicative constructions with Participle I.

1. I noticed that now his eyes were resting on me with a faint smile of amusement. 2. At the corner oi the street I now saw that a small crowd was collecting, attracted by the fire. 3. So as I strode now along Bake street I felt that I was doing something useful... . 4. Then Frank's eyes lit up, he saw that Martha was cutting a cake, cutting an enormous wedge of plum cake. 5. When I opened my eyes I saw the others were dozing so I sneaked out. 6. I noticed that Constance was sitting close against Freddy's chair, and that he broke across what he was saying. 7. I could see that Dave was still standing in the door-way. 8.1 felt I was getting hot under the collar, and all my romantic humour was gone. 9. When he got on the sand he saw that Arthur was looking at the boat. 10. He could see that a man was standing on the pavement, facing the swing doors. 11. When he opened the window he heard how the birds were singing in the garden. 12. In a minute or two I noticed that her eyes were stealthily peeping at me over the top of the book. 13. I could feel that the room was rocking under my feet.

Ex. 30. Point out predicative constructions with Parti­ciple II and define their structure.

1. Bart watched Chilla engulfed by his family and then saw them go, too, unchallenged. (Cus.) 2. They've got me cornered. (Cart.) 3. I had it all planned. (Vickers) 4. He dis­tinctly heard the Boers sympathized with, the British Gov­ernment blamed. (Galsw.) 5. She kept her eyes fastened upon her plate. (Cron.) 6. He kept his eyes fixed on mine till I had finished, and then he turned away. (S. M.) 7. I saw her stretched out beside in the dust, her eyes glittering, and she wrinkled her nose at me. (J. Ch.) 8. ...I even heard it suggested that he might get the Foreign Office. (S. M.) 9. But a week later, feeling himself betrayed, hysterical and in ter­ror, Norberd betrayed his wife. (Maltz) 10. As he ate the cot­tage pie that was his portion he felt Blodwen's eye fastened on him... . (Cron.) 11. We'll have supper sent up to the suite. (A. Chr.) 12. About ten minutes later he heard the front door shut. (A. Chr.) 13. Perhaps she refused to have him sent for because she knew he would refuse to come. (S. M.)

Ex. 31. Recast the following sentences so as to use predicative constructions instead of subordinate clauses.

1. I tried the handle, and found that the door was un­locked. 2. Silas chose the law, because he felt that he was morally adapted for it. 3. They considered that the plan had been lost. 4. It could be considered that she was cured. 5. It seemed that she was greatly worried. 6. It appeared that Leila was calmed and delighted. 7. It turned out that the letter had been signed and ready to be posted. 8. When we came up to the village we found that it had been burnt to the ground. 9. When I entered the room I found that she had been already dressed for the party. 10. His thoughts wandered and he found that his mind was filled with memories of the past. 11. I heard that his name had been mentioned several times during the conversation.

Ex. 32. Translate the Russian participles in brackets by English Participle II

1. I lay there with my eyes (закрытые). 2. She kept her eyes (устремленные) upon her plate. 3. It was a room (пред­назначенная) not to live in but for purposes of prestige, and it had a musty melancholy air. 4. I had that door (пок­рашенная) only last week. 5. Meditatively he took from his pocket a neatly (сложенная) telegram which he opened and re-read. 6. Bill wheeled round. His face was set. He spoke through (стиснутые) teeth. 7. Bob moved up and down, search­ing for Bette, and at last found her (спрятанной) behind a large placard. 8. Andrew stood with his head (склоненной), silent. 9. Ferry found the (скомканную) note with the phone number on it, which Grace had left. 10. Feeling the warmth of the grass beneath him, the world around him (окруженный) with movement, it did not seem that there was such a thing as illness.

Ex. 33. Point out nominative absolute participial construc­tions in the following sentences and define their functions.

1. The Strand, it being the hour when the theatres began to empty themselves, was a roaring torrent of humanity and vehicles... . (P. W.) 2. She looked at me, her eyes widening. (H. R.) 3. Liza and Tom and the Blakestones had got a seat together, Liza being between the two men. (S. M.) 4. ...the complication which the doctor had feared having ensued, recov­ery was impossible. (S. M.) 5. "You're worse than Claire," said Ray, her eyes ceasing to glitter. (White) 6. He glared at Tom with outrage, his eyes glittering... with excitement. (Bates). 7. She had put some order into the drawing-room by now, her housewifely instincts having got the better of her dismay. (S. M.) 8. She said it in a low voice, a spasm of pain crossing her face. (A. Chr.) 9. And in the evening after the high tea which was their last meal, they sat in the stiff parlour, the ladies working and Dr. Macphail smoking his pipe, the missionary told them of his work in the island. (S. M.) 10. Then his face lightening, he ran to the desk. (A. Chr.) 11. Dinner began in silence; the women facing one another and the man. (Galsw.) 12. "It's a rum business," said Sergeant Pollock, his eyes wandering to the littered floor. (A. Chr.) 13. Sitting like that, his eyes half-closed, tasting blood, an image began to form hazily in his mind... . (I. Sh.) 14. Supper finished, he led him into the parlour... . (S. M.) 15. In the house, the lamp lighted, Saxon looked at the coin. (J. L.) 16. And there I lay for a blasted hour, everybody hitting the lower path. (J. L.)

Ex. 34. Recast the following sentences so as to use the nominante absolute participial construction.

1. When a fortnight of his notice to Mrs. Grant had ex­pired Mike really began to worry. 2. The rain showed no sign of stopping, and at length with umbrellas and waterproofs they set out. 3. When the door bell rang, Lesley rose and left the room. 4. At last his preparations were complete — the flowers, the food, the wine upon the ice; his eyes surveyed the scene with shining intensity. 5. Now that the examination was so close at hand, a queer calmness had settled upon him. 6. His brain was inactive, almost dull. He felt that he knew nothing. 7. Now that the moment had come he found it dif­ficult to speak. 8. After tea when all the lamps were lit, work went more briskly. 9. After Oscar had gone, Liza stood for a moment in the hall. 10. After it was settled that Joy should come down to Blackstable, Mrs. Grey had thought much how she should treat him. 11 . When it was finished assuming my best company manners, I turned to Mrs. Driffield. 12. When Julia and Simmy had decided to try their luck in Lon­don, Jimmie Field had written to her asking her to do what she could for them. 13. When the massage was finished Evie brought Julia a cup of tea. 14. After she had gone he got to thinking the matter over.

Ex. 35. Paraphrase the following using participles where possible.

1. He went over to the window; he stood there and listened to the hum of voices which was coming from the outside. 2. He was deafened by the noise and did not at once notice when it stopped. 3. I couldn't ring him up as I did not know his telephone number. 4. After I had tried various topics of conversation I asked her, for want of anything better to say, to tell me who all the people at table were. 5. When it was put to vote, the resolution was carried unanimously. 6. Several items of the plan that was agreed upon require certain changes. 7. "These are pretty," she exclaimed as she picked up a bouquet of violets and pinned them on. 8. She lay awake all night and thought of what had happened. 9. He may forget it unless he is reminded. 10. From a notion which he once took into his head, he parted very slowly. 11. The light which was streaming from the half open door dazzled him. 12. We went to see our friends who had just returned from a far voyage. 13. He plunged into the great heap of letters which had long been waiting for him. 14. He hailed a cab and told the man to drive to Park Lane. 15. He was not happy. The thought worried him. 16. The front page carries a picture of the first liner which is being launched from the new shipyard. 17. The lorries drove closer to the ship which was being unloaded. 18. The boy tried to put together the pieces of a gramophone record that had broken. 19. And now that he had made up his mind and was prepared to meet any contingency, he regained his composure. 20. Mr. Smith returned to the inn, went up to his room and ordered lunch to be brought up. 21. From the kitchen came a pleasant smell, some appetizing food was being cooked there. 22. He had a massive gold watch, which had belonged to his father. 23. The sidewalks were crowded with people who came to watch the demonstration. 24. If it is properly handed, the machine may serve longer.

Ex. 36. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the appropriate form of the participle.

1. She stayed (to lock) in her room, (to refuse) to come down­stairs. 2. He had a good practical knowledge of the language, (to work) as an interpreter for many years. 3. The boys on the fence looked like swallows (to perch) on a telegraph wire. 4. They went out as they had come, (to see) and (to see) by no one on their way. 5. "I like it here," she said, (to seat) herself at the table nearest to the window. 6. Except for the grand piano and the pianist (to seat) unobtrusively before it, the stage was empty. 7. He looked so beautiful and peaceful, (to sit) in that chair under the tree. 8. He looked at the scene (to shake) to the depth of his heart. 9. The boy came out of the water, all blue and (to shake) from head to foot. 10. (To plunge) headlong into that enterprise, he was now desperately looking for a way out of it. 11. (To plunge) in thought, he did not seem to notice what was going on around him. 12. (To arrive) at the airport where he was to change, he had to wait for three hours for the connection. 13. (To arrive) in the town about twenty years before, he had succeeded there­after beyond his wildest expectations. 14. He introduced me to a friend of his, recently (to arrive) after a cruise round Europe. 15. (To support) by her elbow, Mary listened to their talk.

Ex. 37. Define the function of the participle.

1. Andrew rose and crossed the room, with a pale face and a heavily beating heart. (Cron.) 2. Kay swung round on Mr. Wrenn, her eyes gleaming with the light that shines only in the eyes of girls who are entitled to say "I told you so!" to elderly relatives. (P. W.) 3. But she (June), having clasped her hands on his knees, rubbed her chin against him, making a sound like a purring cat. (Galsw.) 4. But now, seeing her weeping and broken before him... his heart softened. (P. W.) 5. This time Sam performed the descent of the steps in a single leap. But reaching the gate he was struck by a thought. (P. W.) 6. They stopped a passing miner, and were soon directed to Vale View. (Cron.) 7. Kay stared thoughtful­ly before her; and staring, was aware of Sam hurrying through the swing door. (P. W.) 8. Hokkaids listened attentively, nodding, then replied. (D. Rob.) 9. The four people upstairs, trying to make conversation, listened despite themselves to the clink of glasses and the scrape of chairs. (S. M.) 10. Fum-blingly he pressed her hand, turned, clattered down the path and was on his way home with dancing thoughts, walking on air... . (Cron.) 11. ...their whispers became so loud that the Judge angrily threatened to have the court cleared if there was not immediate silence. (A. Chr.) 12. On the threshold stood a tall man with black hair neatly parted in the middle, china blue eyes with a particularly innocent expression and a large placid face. (A. Chr.) 13. The house that had seemed whirring, buzzing a moment since, was suddenly very quiet, a breath of air crept in through the open front door carrying the noise of a passing motor... . (F. F.) 14. It was ages since I had been out anywhere, and I had to spend all my day off duty on the day of the concert trying to make up for the neg­lect of my nails and hair. (M. D.) 15. The sun has set, and it was twilight, the sky was growing dark, bringing to view the twinkling stars. (S. M.) 16. She drank some water, and then taking up a broken handglass she looked at herself, say­ing: "I am a sight!" (S. M.)

Ex. 38. Specify the functions of the participle by inserting in the blanks appropriate conjunctions from the list below.

1. I stood nursing the wrist I had sprained ... skating. (Bates) 2. She kept inclining her head ... listening for something. (P. W.) 3. He did not look his best ... smiling. (P. W.) 4. And then suddenly ... smoking a placid after-lunch pipe, his mood changed. (P. W.) 5. He cast a swift glance over his shoulder ... debating the practicability of a dive into the traffic. (P. W.) 6. "Good evening!" she said, suddenly and sharply, and Bill Bannister shot up from the sofa ... pro­pelled by an explosive. (P. W.) 7. He is safe ... living in the country. But he keeps dashing away from the country and losing his head. (P. W.) 8. ... saying these words he got up. (S. M.) 9. The house ... finished was fresh and gay. (S. M.) 10. Next day, ... waiting before that picture he looked at it with wonder. (Galsw.) 11.1 saw him for the first time... lunch­ing here yesterday. (A. Chr.) 12. ...waiting for that answer, it had become Mr. Pendyce's habit to promenade between these beds. (Galsw.) 13. ... passing the bookshop I stopped to look in the window and had noticed among other new books the translation of a novel of mine. (Cron.) 14. I had longingly scanned the exterior of the department ... sitting the Marshall with Gavin. (Cron.) 15. It was a pretty mouth but Sam who had made a study of the picture, was of the opinion that it would look even prettier ... smiling. (P. W.)

while; when; as if; as though

Ex. 39. Recast the following sentences so as to use con­structions with the participle wherever possible.

1. After I had left them I walked up and down the road outside. 2. When I got to his house I stood outside for I don't know how long... . 3. Mr. Cook chuckled as he recalled the scene they had played. 4. Well, Miss Beets didn't want it, so she gave it to me along with other odds and ends, that had belonged to the mistress. 5. Donald turned his whole attention to the menu. When he had ordered he leaned back in his chair... . 6. He pulled a letter from his pocket — the letter he had received this morning. 7. Of course, as she has lived here practically all her life, she knows everything about this place. 8. The waiter brought us two cups of a doubtful fluid which was called coffee. 9. Miss Bentley walked home, and her dog trotted at her heels. 10. His guests left early and Mr. Benson ... lay down in a long rotten chair. 11. Charles spoke with a twinkle in his eyes as though he saw what was at the back of the doctor's simple question... . 12. But when she went to bed she could not sleep. 13. The great white pigeons that roosted in their branches were asleep, and the only sound that broke the silence was when one of them for some reason rustled its wings. 14. When dinner was finished, Dolly went up to Sam and put her hand on his shoulder. 15. She stayed still, watching with a singular calm the men who advanced towards her.

Ex. 40. Translate into English using the participle or predicative constructions with the participle.

1. Когда дети ушли на прогулку в лес, мать еще долго стояла в дверях, улыбаясь и махая рукой. 2. Мистер Пик­вик, сопровождаемый своими друзьями, отправился изу­чать мир и людей. 3. Я еще не изучил всех материалов, связанных с этой проблемой. 4. Выглянув в окно, мистер Пиквик увидел, что день был прекрасен. Ярко светило солнце, и было слышно, как весело пели птицы в саду. 5. Эта песня напомнила ему мелодию, услышанную им в далекой юности. 6. Доктор Ватсон сидел у окна, наблюдая за проходящими мимо людьми, когда вдруг увидел хоро­шенькую молодую женщину, направляющуюся к их дому. 7. На столе лежала сложенная газета, которую он еще не успел просмотреть. 8. Не обращая внимания на стоны То­ма, Сид лежал с закрытыми глазами, притворяясь, что спит. 9. Положив телефонную трубку, Мэнсон заметил Энни, наблюдавшую за ним. Энни объяснила, что доктор Гриф­фите всегда сам подходил к телефону, но говорил, что его нет дома.