- •Е.Н.Бобровская, е.Ю.Вовк, е.Г.Эсаулова
- •Contents Page
- •Grammar in Use 117
- •Verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the English Verbs)
- •In phrases, with one or more accompanying words.
- •The Infinitive
- •2. Introduction
- •3. Forms
- •Bare Infinitive
- •Functions
- •Functions of the infinitive
- •6. Infinitive Constructions
- •6.1. The Objective with the Infinitive Construction
- •6.2. The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •Grammar practice
- •5. A) Use the infinitive in the non-perfect form of the active or passive voice.
- •6. Use either of the infinitives in brackets, give two variants where possible and explain the difference.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the dialogue; find all the bare infinitives and explain their use. Act out the dialogue in class.
- •I’d Rather Pack Now
- •2. Your friend is going away on holiday. Now, she (he) is packing her (his) suitcase. You are trying to help by giving advice.
- •3. Make up dialogues using the given phrases:
- •Read the text; find all the infinitives and state their functions. Retell the passage.
- •Read the story. State the functions of the infinitives. Retell the story using as many infinitives as possible.
- •Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •9. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •Read the dialogue. Find all the Objective-with-the Infinitive Constructions in it and explain their use. Learn the dialogue and act it out in class. Do the tasks below.
- •Read the story “Shark-eating people” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the story “Sea Saga” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive construction where possible:
- •Read the extract about the Bermuda Triangle. Retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the text. Do the tasks below. A Road Accident
- •Read the following article about Christopher Columbus and list the information about him in your notebook under the two headings below, use the Subjective Infinitive Constructions.
- •Complete the sentences with the For-to-Infinitive Constructions and act out the dialogues.
- •In the Station Buffet
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Nursery rhymes and poems.
- •Idealists
- •4. Familiar Quotations
- •5. Funny Stories
- •The Science of Speaking
- •6. Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •The Gerund
- •7. Introduction
- •8. Forms of the Gerund
- •9. Functions of the Gerund
- •Functions of the gerund
- •10. Gerundial Predicative Constructions
- •11. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun
- •12. The Infinitive and the Gerund
- •Predicative
- •The main thing
- •Part of a predicative
- •Prepositional Object
- •Grammar practice
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the story below and find all the gerunds. State their functions.
- •2. Read the following articles and answer the questions below. Nurses can help people give up smoking
- •Cigarettes kill 7 times more than roads major effort urged to stop child smokers
- •Let’s talk
- •1. What’s the problem in Trudy’s family? How common is it?
- •2. Sum up the advice given by the readers. Which of the advice may help, do you think? Which advice would you follow if you had the same problem? What advice would you offer Trudy?
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes
- •5. Poems
- •6. Funny Stories No Use Trying
- •Friendly Advice
- •It Speaks for Itself
- •Tiger Hunting
- •A High Price
- •The Participle
- •14. Introduction
- •15. Forms of the Participle
- •An escaped prisoner
- •16. Functions of the participle
- •16.1. Attribute
- •16.2. Adverbial Modifier
- •16.3. Predicative
- •17. Misrelated Participles
- •18. Predicative Constructions with the Participle
- •18.1. The Objective Participial Construction
- •18.2. The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The subjective construction with
- •18.3. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.4. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.5. Absolute Constructions without a Participle
- •19. The Gerund and the Participle
- •Grammar in use
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Alcohol and you
- •Did you know?
- •Alcohol myths
- •2. A) Read the following news story and answer questions about it.
- •Women in aids frontline Main cause of death for women aged 20-40
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes and Poems
- •5. Funny Stories
- •General revision
- •1. Find all the verbals in the following text, state their functions. Going on a Trip
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •5. Use a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive, or a construction instead of the verbs given in brackets; underline them, name the non-finite form used and state its function.
- •6. Put in the correct forms. Tell the story to the class.
- •List of Grammar Books
- •398020 Г.Липецк, ул.Ленина, 42
Grammar in use
1. Alcohol and you
Act out a 20-minute opinion poll to find out how people feel about alcohol and a drinking problem. The information below may be of some help to you. Use as many Participles and participial constructions as possible.
Role 1: You are Susan Harper, a research psychologist, you conduct an opinion poll, summarize the information you have collected and prepare an oral report. Be sure to include an introduction to your survey, a summary of the results you have collected, and a conclusion. The conclusion should include your own interpretation of the information you collected.
Role 2: You are Tom Hill, a science student and a social drinker. Alcohol is an accepted part of your life-style. It is not interfering with your college work, health or relationships. You know your limits; you decide ahead of time how much you will drink and stick to this decision.
Role 3: You are Ruth Bantry, a neurologist at a Student Assistance Centre. You strongly object to alcohol drinking. Alcohol is a drug and it affects a person both mentally and physically.
Role 4: You are David Armstrong, an engineer. Once you were a problem drinker. You hurt yourself physically while intoxicated, missed work because of hangovers. Your friends persuaded you to undergo a course of treatment at a mental health clinic. For two years you haven’t had a single drink and you are quite optimistic about your future. Life is great!
The other members of the class express their own attitude to alcohol drinking.
Did you know?
WHY DO PEOPLE DRINK?
Research studies show that most people drink:
to feel “high” or to have good time;
to enhance social occasions;
to get ‘drunk’;
to escape from problems;
to relieve stress and promote relaxation;
to enjoy the taste of alcohol.
HOW DOES ALCOHOL AFFECT THE BODY?
Alcohol enters the bloodstream and circulates to all body tissues and organs within a few minutes. It is carried directly to the brain and depresses almost every brain function.
The effects of too much alcohol include:
physical
increased heart rate; decreased heart muscle function;
elevated skin temperature;
slurred speech;
lack of coordination;
headache, fatigue;
nausea and vomiting;
stomach ulcers
mental
poor concentration;
confusion, disorientation, stupor;
impaired judgement;
feeling of fear and anxiety.
Alcohol myths
Myth: Getting drunk is funny.
Fact: Maybe in the films… but not in real life. Drunkenness is no more funny than any other illness.
Myth: People are friendlier when they are drunk.
Fact: Maybe. But they’re also more hostile, more dangerous, more criminal, more homicidal, and more suicidal. 64% of all murders are alcohol-related. And 60% of all suicides.
Myth: It’s impolite to tell a friend he’s drinking too much.
Fact: Maybe if we were not all so polite, we wouldn’t have so many friends with drinking problem.
Myth: It’s rude to refuse a drink.
Fact: Nonsense. What’s rude is trying to push a drink to someone who doesn’t want it. Or shouldn’t have it.
Myth: All that publicity about drinking and driving is…
Fact: True. At least half the road accidents involve drinking.