- •Е.Н.Бобровская, е.Ю.Вовк, е.Г.Эсаулова
- •Contents Page
- •Grammar in Use 117
- •Verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the English Verbs)
- •In phrases, with one or more accompanying words.
- •The Infinitive
- •2. Introduction
- •3. Forms
- •Bare Infinitive
- •Functions
- •Functions of the infinitive
- •6. Infinitive Constructions
- •6.1. The Objective with the Infinitive Construction
- •6.2. The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •Grammar practice
- •5. A) Use the infinitive in the non-perfect form of the active or passive voice.
- •6. Use either of the infinitives in brackets, give two variants where possible and explain the difference.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the dialogue; find all the bare infinitives and explain their use. Act out the dialogue in class.
- •I’d Rather Pack Now
- •2. Your friend is going away on holiday. Now, she (he) is packing her (his) suitcase. You are trying to help by giving advice.
- •3. Make up dialogues using the given phrases:
- •Read the text; find all the infinitives and state their functions. Retell the passage.
- •Read the story. State the functions of the infinitives. Retell the story using as many infinitives as possible.
- •Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •9. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •Read the dialogue. Find all the Objective-with-the Infinitive Constructions in it and explain their use. Learn the dialogue and act it out in class. Do the tasks below.
- •Read the story “Shark-eating people” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the story “Sea Saga” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive construction where possible:
- •Read the extract about the Bermuda Triangle. Retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the text. Do the tasks below. A Road Accident
- •Read the following article about Christopher Columbus and list the information about him in your notebook under the two headings below, use the Subjective Infinitive Constructions.
- •Complete the sentences with the For-to-Infinitive Constructions and act out the dialogues.
- •In the Station Buffet
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Nursery rhymes and poems.
- •Idealists
- •4. Familiar Quotations
- •5. Funny Stories
- •The Science of Speaking
- •6. Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •The Gerund
- •7. Introduction
- •8. Forms of the Gerund
- •9. Functions of the Gerund
- •Functions of the gerund
- •10. Gerundial Predicative Constructions
- •11. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun
- •12. The Infinitive and the Gerund
- •Predicative
- •The main thing
- •Part of a predicative
- •Prepositional Object
- •Grammar practice
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the story below and find all the gerunds. State their functions.
- •2. Read the following articles and answer the questions below. Nurses can help people give up smoking
- •Cigarettes kill 7 times more than roads major effort urged to stop child smokers
- •Let’s talk
- •1. What’s the problem in Trudy’s family? How common is it?
- •2. Sum up the advice given by the readers. Which of the advice may help, do you think? Which advice would you follow if you had the same problem? What advice would you offer Trudy?
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes
- •5. Poems
- •6. Funny Stories No Use Trying
- •Friendly Advice
- •It Speaks for Itself
- •Tiger Hunting
- •A High Price
- •The Participle
- •14. Introduction
- •15. Forms of the Participle
- •An escaped prisoner
- •16. Functions of the participle
- •16.1. Attribute
- •16.2. Adverbial Modifier
- •16.3. Predicative
- •17. Misrelated Participles
- •18. Predicative Constructions with the Participle
- •18.1. The Objective Participial Construction
- •18.2. The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The subjective construction with
- •18.3. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.4. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.5. Absolute Constructions without a Participle
- •19. The Gerund and the Participle
- •Grammar in use
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Alcohol and you
- •Did you know?
- •Alcohol myths
- •2. A) Read the following news story and answer questions about it.
- •Women in aids frontline Main cause of death for women aged 20-40
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes and Poems
- •5. Funny Stories
- •General revision
- •1. Find all the verbals in the following text, state their functions. Going on a Trip
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •5. Use a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive, or a construction instead of the verbs given in brackets; underline them, name the non-finite form used and state its function.
- •6. Put in the correct forms. Tell the story to the class.
- •List of Grammar Books
- •398020 Г.Липецк, ул.Ленина, 42
ЛИПЕЦКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
Е.Н.Бобровская, е.Ю.Вовк, е.Г.Эсаулова
The English Verbals
Пособие по практической грамматике
для студентов 2 курса
английского отделения факультета иностранных языков
Липецк 2004
Печатается по решению
кафедры английского языка
ЛГПУ / протокол № 10
заседания кафедры от 26/06/04г.
Неличные формы глагола. Пособие для студентов 2 курса английского отделения факультета иностранных языков.
Пособие представляет собой книгу для самостоятельной работы студентов по разделу практической грамматики «Неличные формы глагола» и содержит как теоретический материал, так и комплекс упражнений по данной теме.
Составители: доц. Е.Н.Бобровская
доц. Е.Ю.Вовк
ст.пр. Е.Г.Эсаулова
© ЛИПЕЦКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
Липецк 2004
Contents Page
Verbals 4
The Infinitive 5
Grammar Practice 20
Grammar in Use 46
Fun with Grammar 63
The Gerund 77
Grammar Practice 99
Grammar in Use 117
Fun with Grammar 122
The Participle 129
Grammar Practice 142
Grammar in Use 163
Fun with Grammar 167
General Revision 173
Verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the English Verbs)
1. The verb has finite and non-finite forms, which are also called verbals. There are three verbals in English: the infinitve, the gerund and the participle.
The verbals have the following characteristics:
The verbals, unlike the finite forms, do not express person, number or mood; they cannot be used as the predicate of a sentence.
They have a double nature, nominal and verbal: they combine some characteristics of the verb with those of the adjective, the adverb or the noun.
Like the finite forms of the verb, the verbals have the tense and voice distinctions. Their tense distinctions are relative: their form does not refer the action to the present, past or future, it shows only whether the action expressed by the verbal is simultaneous with that expressed by the finite verb or prior to it.
All the verbals can form predicative constructions, which consist of two elements: a noun / pronoun + verbal; the verbal element stands in predicate relations to the nominal element, i.e. in a relation similar to that between the predicate and the subject of a sentence.
In a sentence a verbal can occur:
- singly, i.e. without accompanying words.
She went away smiling.
Reading is out of the question.
To decide is to act.
In phrases, with one or more accompanying words.
Lucy came in smiling happily.
Selling insurance is a pretty boring job.
It’s easy to make mistakes.
in predicative constructions.
His study was a nice room with books lining the walls.
Do you recall Richard’s doing that?
Is it usual for foxes to come so close to the town?