- •Е.Н.Бобровская, е.Ю.Вовк, е.Г.Эсаулова
- •Contents Page
- •Grammar in Use 117
- •Verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the English Verbs)
- •In phrases, with one or more accompanying words.
- •The Infinitive
- •2. Introduction
- •3. Forms
- •Bare Infinitive
- •Functions
- •Functions of the infinitive
- •6. Infinitive Constructions
- •6.1. The Objective with the Infinitive Construction
- •6.2. The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •Grammar practice
- •5. A) Use the infinitive in the non-perfect form of the active or passive voice.
- •6. Use either of the infinitives in brackets, give two variants where possible and explain the difference.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the dialogue; find all the bare infinitives and explain their use. Act out the dialogue in class.
- •I’d Rather Pack Now
- •2. Your friend is going away on holiday. Now, she (he) is packing her (his) suitcase. You are trying to help by giving advice.
- •3. Make up dialogues using the given phrases:
- •Read the text; find all the infinitives and state their functions. Retell the passage.
- •Read the story. State the functions of the infinitives. Retell the story using as many infinitives as possible.
- •Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •9. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •Read the dialogue. Find all the Objective-with-the Infinitive Constructions in it and explain their use. Learn the dialogue and act it out in class. Do the tasks below.
- •Read the story “Shark-eating people” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the story “Sea Saga” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive construction where possible:
- •Read the extract about the Bermuda Triangle. Retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the text. Do the tasks below. A Road Accident
- •Read the following article about Christopher Columbus and list the information about him in your notebook under the two headings below, use the Subjective Infinitive Constructions.
- •Complete the sentences with the For-to-Infinitive Constructions and act out the dialogues.
- •In the Station Buffet
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Nursery rhymes and poems.
- •Idealists
- •4. Familiar Quotations
- •5. Funny Stories
- •The Science of Speaking
- •6. Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •The Gerund
- •7. Introduction
- •8. Forms of the Gerund
- •9. Functions of the Gerund
- •Functions of the gerund
- •10. Gerundial Predicative Constructions
- •11. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun
- •12. The Infinitive and the Gerund
- •Predicative
- •The main thing
- •Part of a predicative
- •Prepositional Object
- •Grammar practice
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the story below and find all the gerunds. State their functions.
- •2. Read the following articles and answer the questions below. Nurses can help people give up smoking
- •Cigarettes kill 7 times more than roads major effort urged to stop child smokers
- •Let’s talk
- •1. What’s the problem in Trudy’s family? How common is it?
- •2. Sum up the advice given by the readers. Which of the advice may help, do you think? Which advice would you follow if you had the same problem? What advice would you offer Trudy?
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes
- •5. Poems
- •6. Funny Stories No Use Trying
- •Friendly Advice
- •It Speaks for Itself
- •Tiger Hunting
- •A High Price
- •The Participle
- •14. Introduction
- •15. Forms of the Participle
- •An escaped prisoner
- •16. Functions of the participle
- •16.1. Attribute
- •16.2. Adverbial Modifier
- •16.3. Predicative
- •17. Misrelated Participles
- •18. Predicative Constructions with the Participle
- •18.1. The Objective Participial Construction
- •18.2. The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The subjective construction with
- •18.3. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.4. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.5. Absolute Constructions without a Participle
- •19. The Gerund and the Participle
- •Grammar in use
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Alcohol and you
- •Did you know?
- •Alcohol myths
- •2. A) Read the following news story and answer questions about it.
- •Women in aids frontline Main cause of death for women aged 20-40
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes and Poems
- •5. Funny Stories
- •General revision
- •1. Find all the verbals in the following text, state their functions. Going on a Trip
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •5. Use a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive, or a construction instead of the verbs given in brackets; underline them, name the non-finite form used and state its function.
- •6. Put in the correct forms. Tell the story to the class.
- •List of Grammar Books
- •398020 Г.Липецк, ул.Ленина, 42
Read the following article about Christopher Columbus and list the information about him in your notebook under the two headings below, use the Subjective Infinitive Constructions.
Traditional View Alternative view
Columbus was the first European 1) The Vikings got to America
to discover America. first. Codfishers from Bristol
discovered Newfoundland in the 1480s.
Christopher Columbus. Fact or Fallacy?
The 500th anniversary of the landing of Christopher Columbus in the New World was celebrated on October 12th 1992. But many historians today are disputing certain details of the conventional Columbus story.
Columbus is said to have been the first European to reach America but this is now widely disputed. There is plenty of evidence to show that the Vikings got there first. It is also thought that cod-fishers from Bristol in the west of England stumbled on Newfoundland in the 1480s. They kept their discovery a secret because they didn’t want anyone else to find out about their cod-fishing grounds.
It is often claimed that Columbus was the first person to sight land on his first voyage to the New World. Indeed, a huge prize had been promised to the first sailor to do so. On his return to Europe, Columbus claimed this for himself and the sailor who had in fact first sighted land was cheated of his prize.
It is said that Columbus had to persuade people that the earth was not flat. Most educated people knew that already.
Columbus is frequently described in history books as a great and noble explorer. However, he is seen by some as a ruthless imperialist, responsible for the slavery and destruction of America’s native tribes. Columbus described the first American Indians he met as ‘so much our friends that it is a marvel’. But his rule in Hispaniola prompted thousands of Indians to commit suicide.
Contrary to what people think, Columbus was not left to die in poverty, he just died in obscurity.
- Rephrase these sentences with the Subjective Infinitive Construction.
People say that Waiting Island in the Bahamas was Columbus’ first port of call.
People think that a hundred thousand of the population of Hispaniola died within two years of Columbus’ arrival.
The common belief is that Columbus landed first in the Bahamas.
Some people think that Columbus was an imperialist.
People say that Columbus’ real name was Cristobal Colon.
A lot of people think that Columbus died in poverty.
What do you know about Columbus and his discovery? Express your opinion of this historical event.
Complete the sentences with the For-to-Infinitive Constructions and act out the dialogues.
In the Station Buffet
Come on, Susan! Hurry up! Drink your coffee! The train is leaving in a minute. We’ll be late!
I can’t finish it.
Why don’t you put some milk in?
I don’t like white coffee… Oh…OK.
There!…
Yes…but it tastes awful!
On the Platform
Oh! There’s the train… bring the cases.
Ooh! What have you got in these cases?
Only clothes. Why? Are they heavy?
Yes, they are!
The taxi-driver managed to carry them.
Well, I’m not strong enough to help you… Porter!
On the Train
Oh, Michael… I didn’t tell you. My sister phoned yesterday.
Oh? Which sister? Andrea?
Yes…she wants to get married.
Married? But she isn’t old enough to get married. She is only 17. Who’s she going to marry?
Basil Caraway.
Basil Caraway! I don’t believe it!… He’s over 60.
I know … but she loves him!
At their Destination
Oh, no! That was the last bus home! And we’ve missed it!
Well, let’s walk… it’s a nice, warm evening.
It’s four miles! … Call a taxi!
A taxi! My name isn’t Rockefeller!…
Michael! You’ve forgotten something!
What?
We’ve got three suitcases. Do you really want to walk?
OK… OK… Taxi!