Grammar practice

Ex. 1. Point out verbal, noun and adverbial character­istics of the gerund in the following sentences.

1. He lifted his head, but still without looking at me, his huge hands were clenched into fists. (Banks) 2. I wonder at Jolyon's allowing the engagement. (Galsw.) 3. It was ridiculous to think of going back there. (Banks) 4. But to my intense surprise, on getting down early the next morning, and eagerly opening the newspapers, there was not a word about the arrest! (A. Chr.) 5. I felt quite calm again, as divorced from my own immediate problems as if I were coming out after seeing a particularly absorbing film. (Banks) 6. I bent again to smell the bushy spikes, but Father stopped me by stooping quickly and snapping one off to give me. (Banks) 7. I wondered if I should apologise for never having called her back. (St. L.) 8. She never tired of praising his beauty. (S. M.) 9. I don't remember leaving the club, but I remember being in a taxi and saying: "Toby, I'll pay for this," and him saying: "This is my party..." (Banks) 10. The effort of getting up the third and fourth flights, which I tried to manage in one go, muddled me somehow. (Banks) 11. ...she was not used to being kept waiting... (S. M.) 12. Nobody ever thought of making them at home. (K. Man.) 13. She began looking, rather hopelessly, at the names won­dering whether one of them would recall something... (S. M.) 14. He insisted on coming downstairs with her and putting her into a cab. (S. M.) 15. He was tempted by the idea of having a flat of his own, but it was out of the question... . (S. M.)

Ex. 2. Find gerunds in the following sentences and state their noun and verb characteristics. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Travelling abroad can be exciting enough, but just now it is more exciting being here. 2. She stopped answering my letters and I wondered what the matter might be. 3. Can you recall having mentioned the fact to anyone? 4. Thorpe was terrified, terrified of having to touch something, and even more, of being touched. (S.H.) 5. Young Jolyon, on the point of leaving the club, had put on his hat, and was in the act of crossing the hall, as the porter met him. (Glsw.) 6. After having been rejected by a dozen magazines, they (the stories) had come to rest in The Globe office. (J.L.) 7. I wonder at Jolyon's allowing the engagement. (Glsw.) 8. I understand perfectly your wanting to leave. (F.F.) 9. People will talk, there is no preventing it. (Ph.Sh.) 10. The host broke the awkward silence by inviting the guests to proceed to the dining-room 11. This is laying the blame at the wrong door. 12. On being told the news she .gave a gasp of surprise. 13. The idea is worth considering.

Ex. 3. State the form of the gerund.

1. When I had asked him what first gave him the idea of being a painter, he was unable or unwilling to tell me. (S. M.) 2. We happened then to cross the street and the traffic prevented us from speaking. (S. M.) 3. I know you dislike being aroused early, but it is nine o'clock. Pagget insists on regarding 9 a. m. as practically the middle of the day. (A. Chr.) 4. The world is a fine place and worth fighting for. (E. H.) 5. He was accustomed to having all his thoughts sifted through his mother's mind. (St. L.) 6. I see, Mr.Clarke, that you are if I may say so without being offensive - still a boy at heart. (A. Chr.) 7. I can't explain, but having done it just once is enough. (A. H.) 8. After fifteen minutes she located a physician who sounded angry and sulky at being called out of bed. (F. F.) 9. Mrs. Harter couldn't help smiting at him. (A. Chr.) 10. The cook left, having heard that she could earn three times her present wages in London, without being obliged to prepare more than two dinners in the week.... (P. W.) 11. He had never commited the imprudence of marrying, or encumbering himself in any way with children. (Galsw.) 12. And as though in the habit of taking each other home every night they went out. (Galsw.) 13. He reproached me for not being foresighted enough to bring a picnic lunch. (Am. St.) 14. I didn't at all like the prospect of having to break the bad news to him. (P. W.) 15. It was not until the crowd had cleared away a bit that we got a chance of having a word together. (P. W.) 16. ...when she took a thing into her head there was no stopping her. (Galsw.) 17. "I don't see anything funny about a child being hurt!" She said in a trembling voice. (F. F.) 18. There was something in his personality which prevented him from being dull. (S. M.) 19. Almost without meaning to she put one of her own hands into his hand. (S. M.)

Ex. 4. Use the gerund in the active or passive voice (non-perfect form) instead of the infinitive in brackets.

1. Mr. Davidson has a wonderful heart and no one who is in trouble has ever gone to him without (to comfort) (S. M.) 2. I eat very little myself, but I make a point of (to have) a proper dinner served to me every night. (S. M.) 3. "I wanted to see you," I said and now I was anxious just to avoid (to look) at her and to collect my wits. (S. M.) 4. I think he was a little ashamed of (to be) so successful. (S. M.) 5. This was an appeal to which Eleonor was incapable of (to turn) a deaf ear. (S. M.) 6. We were in the habit of (to bathe) at a beach called the Baths of Liberius. (S. M.) 7. Worst of all, he had no hope of (to shake) her resolution. (Galsw.) 8. ...I hated thus (to deprive) of the sweetness of youth. (O'Hara) 9. Never had he felt George's presence without the sense of being laughed at. (Galsw.)

Ex. 5. Use the gerund in the perfect or non-perfect form instead of the infinitive in brackets.

1. Without (to ask) his advice I have taken an important step. 2. My sister usually stopped (to read) when there was something terrible in the story. 3. He disliked (to run) the whole department. 4. He spoke with an air of (to work) this out accurately. (White) 5. On behalf of my wife and myself we thank you for (to be) with us on this joyous occasion. (H. R.) 6. Miss Marple had been shown every antique piece of furniture that contained or could be suspected of (to contain) a secret drawer. (A. Chr.) 7. (to hear) them talk about bathing made me want to bathe too. (A. Chr.) 8. That charming lady is capable of (to tell) any lie to her advantage, with the most childlike candor. (A. Chr.) 9. People had grown tired of (to say) that the "Disunion" was on its last legs. (Galsw.) 10. I think I am correct in (to say) that they have remained in the safe. (A. Chr.) 11. He remembered (to meet) her in the park. (Kipling) 12. Mr. Kosak is tired of (to give) us credit. (W. S.) 13. I remember ( to read) about it in one of the historical novels ... (P. W.) 14. (to picnic) with Jan was better than a feast with anyone else. (Cus.) 15. He knew, but he had no intention of (to reveal) the fact. (A. Chr.) 16. He never spoke of (to have) any relations. (A. Chr.) 17. He gave no sign of (to hear) them. (S. M.) 18. They hate her for (to get away) with it. (Am. St.)

Ex. 6. Use the gerund in the required form instead of the infinitive in brackets.

1. Gil Tullock was never tired of (to look) at his wife. (White) 2. I wasn't keen on (to wash) this kind of dirty linen in public. (J. Sh.) 3. He'll be afraid of (to think) ungrateful. (Galsw.) 4. ...he came back to town in a poor way, and went about with pathetic attempts at (to make) the best of a bad job. (Galsw.) 5. The clothes were washed elsewhere: in here they were but aired before (to put on). (Galsw.) 6. Warren wants me to go home and give up the idea of (to go) on the stage. (I. M.) 7. They would send out for coffee and sand­wiches, and after they had finished (to eat), it would be around seven o'clock. (I. M.) 8. Here, they felt, was someone worth (to take) a little trouble over. (S. M.) 9. He was so young, so gay, he laughed so merrily at other people's jokes that no one could help (to like) frirn. (S. M.) 10. I beg the House's pardon for (to be) so long in (to fulfil) my task. (Galsw.) 11. I seem honoured in (to permit) to draw the attention of all the parties to this. (Galsw.) 12. "I, Mrs. Michael Mont, withdraw the words concerning Miss Marjorie Ferrar con­tained in my letters... and hereby tender a full and free apol­ogy for (to write) them." (Galsw.) 13. After (to mourn) for her so many years it is time that you once more enjoyed life. (A. Chr.) 14. ...Mrs. Soudamore... hesitated before (to kiss)) her daughter good-bye. (P. W.) 15. Martin Eden never looked at him without (to experience) a sense of repulsion. (J.L.) 16. And ever since she's been haunted by what she did. I can't help (to feel) sorry for her. (A. Chr.) 17. Thank you for (to look) in on me. (H. R.) 18. I remember (to go) to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight ailment. (J. K. J.) 19. Soames had the peculiar feeling of (to overdo) his own honesty. (Galsw.)

Ex. 7. Open the brackets using the gerund of the given verb

a) in the active or passive voice (non-perfect form):

1. Why do you avoid (to see) me? 2. He tried to avoid (to see). 3. We insist on (to send) him there at once. 4. He insists on (to send) there instead of me. 5. Do you mind (to examine) the first? 6. He showed no sign of (to know) them. 7. She showed no sign of (to impress). 8. He had the most irritating habit of (to joke) at the wrong moment. 9. I was annoyed at (to interrupt) every other moment. 10. He hated (to remind) people of their duties or (to remind) of his. 11. On (to introduce) they easily fell to (to talk). 12. In (to discuss) the problem they touched upon some very interesting items. 13. The equipment must go through a number of tests before (to install). 14. The operator can set the machine in motion by (to push) the button or (to press) the pedal. 15. The water requires (to filter). 16. The matter is not worth (to speak of).

b) in any appropriate form:

1. Excuse me for (to give) you so much trouble. 2. You never mentioned (to speak) to them on the subject. 3. He was proud of (to award) the prize. 4. I don't remember ever (to see) you. 5. I don't remember (to ask) this question. 6. The boys were punished for (to break) the window. 7. The boy was afraid of (to punish) and hid himself. 8. He was quite serious in (to say) that he was leaving the place for good. 9. She seemed sorry for (to be) rude to me 10. He confessed to (to forget) that he was to come on Friday. 11. The old man could not stand (to make) fun of. 12. Letters were no use: he had no talent for (to express) himself on paper. 13. After thoroughly (to examine) by the doctor, the young man was admitted to the sports club. 14. Soon she could not help (to attract) by the fact that she was being looked at. 15. The camera wanted (to adjust). 16. They accused me of (to mislead) them. 17. She was so eagerly looking forward to (to giye) the leading part to play that she was greatly disappointed at not even (to offer) it. 18. She reproached me for not (to keep) my promise. 19. After (to look) through and (to sort) out, the letters were registered and filed. 20. He liked to do things without (to disturb) anyone or (to disturb).

Ex. 8. Translate into English.

1. Нельзя ли попросить вас повторить, что вы только что ска­зали? 2. Я помню, что видел этого актера в какой-то другой пьесе. 3. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы меня выслушали. 4. Он и виду не показал, что узнал нас. 5. Он подозревал меня в той, что я выдал его секрет. 6. Не стоит упоминать об этом. 7, Странно, почему она избегает говорить на эту тему. 8. Терпеть не могу, когда со мной разговаривают таким тоном. 9. Внимательно посмотрев на мои часы, часовщик сказал, что они в порядке и нуждаются только в чистке и смазке. 10. Он боялся, что его неправильно поймут. 11. Он признался, что неверно информиро­вал нас. 12. Я думаю, он несерьезно сказал, что хочет переменить профессию. 13. Он напомнил мне, что уже как-то отказался от этого предложения, и дал мне понять, что бесполезно снова под­нимать этот вопрос. 14. Она боялась испортить свое первое впе­чатление, посмотрев картину снова. 15. Меня упрекнули в том, что я опоздал и заставил всех ждать. 16. Услышав гудок авто­мобиля, сторож хотел открыть ворота.

Ex. 9. Define the functions of the Gerund

1.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. (Proverb) 2. In spite of myself I could not help smiling. (A. Chr.) 3. In the silence he began humming once again. (A. H.) 4. I always enjoy exercising my ingenuity. (A. Chr.) 5. Old Jolyon came out of Lord`s cricket ground that same afternoon with the intention of going home. (Galsw.) 6. On hearing the tragic news, she fell at once into an alarming state of agitation. (A. Chr.) 7.You do not know how I suffer; all last night I could not sleep for thinking of your peril. (Steve.) 8. I’m thinking of traveling there by train in future. (A. H.) 9. He spared no pains in trying to see all and sundry who might be of use to him. (Dr.) 10. “William,” Elizabeth said, “would you mind telling my brother what instructions Mr.Lozier gave you?” (Am.St.) 11. Another election! Could he stand a second time without showing his true colours? (Galsw.) 12.It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (Proverb) 13.Billy O’Brien started writing dramatic criticism for little reviews. (M.S.) 14. I just don’t like getting mixed up in this thing. (Am. St.) 15. There was a reason for not doing so; a secret he had shared with no one, not even Natalie, his wife. (A. H.) 16. It was, she supposed, Hennet’s way of amusing herself. (A. Chr.) 17. Why have you come to me before going to her? (A.Chr.) 18. What do you mean by saying that you are my nephew? (A.Chr.) 19. The children woke soon and began chattering and playing in the bed. (M. S.)

Ex. 10. Insert prepositions where necessary.

1. What was the use …keeping half a dozen servants eating their heads off. (Galsw.) 2. That would have been the easiest way … doing it, he agreed. (A. Chr.) 3. He was a little hesitant about his reason … wanting to get away so badly. (Shute) 4. Yet, ironically, there was seldom any difficulty … getting money for non-operational improvements. (A. H.) 5. You see a definite reason … going down to Handborough? (A. Chr.) 6. Either complete frankness, or complete ignoring – and that meant … living with the sword of Damocles above his head. (Galsw.) 7. I am not in the habit … letting my judgement be influenced, as you call it, Hastings. (A. Chr.) 8. Her voice had become thrill; Ralph spoke in the hope … restraining it. (Am. St.) 9. You can’t tell how a man’s feeling just … looking at him. (P. W.) 10. He was possessed with a wild notion … rushing out into the streets and taking a train to Detroit. (F. F.) 11. Certain people, you see, have a gift … seeing things in a crystal. A. Chr.) 12. She gave the impression … being frail, innocent and very young. (I. Sh.) 13. “You haven’t thanked me yet … saving your life,” I said with false sweetness. (A. Chr.) 14.”Roger!” cried Gretchen. “What d’you mean … talking like that?” (F. F.) 15. Naturally he wears glasses to conceal his eyes, and is an invalid since he doesn’t want to run the risk … meeting Ridgeway. (A. Chr.) 16.She did not make a mistake … fixing the night of Madame Daubrenil’s visit. (A. Chr.) 17. In the afternoon she was overtaken by a desperate fit … sobbing.( Galsw.) 18. I never did succeed … teaching her to drive. (St. L.) 19. The man insisted … shaking hands enthusiastically. (F. F.) 20. We shoveled out at the risk … getting frostbite and sore muscles. (Am. St.)

Ex. 11. Complete the following using the gerund

a) as subject or predicative:

1. There's no use... . 2. It was useless... . 3. It would be no good... . 4. Is it worth while...? 5. ... is more difficult than swimming. 6. His ambition was... . 7. He had an exag­gerated opinion of his capabilities. There was... it. 8..Her aim is... .

b) as a part of a compound verbal predicate:

1. His temper kept... . 2. Doctor Flegg began... . 3. He kept... . 4. Now I will go on... . 5. Author started... . 6. All the time he was talking to me I went on... . 7. The officer finished... . 8. Suddenly he darted and began .... 9. In the silence he started... . 10. He immediately stopped... .11. When a ship goes down off their coast they cannot help... .12. Her laughter was so infectious that I could not help... . 13. In spite of myself I could not help... . 14. She just continued... .

Ex. 12. Recast the following sentences so as to use con­structions with the gerund instead of subordinate clauses. Insert prepositions wherever necessary.

1. I reflected that I had seen him only once. 2. When I reached Leningrad I found waiting for me an urgent request that I should go to my mother's place. 3. I called on my friends before I left. 4. When I left Moscow I corresponded with him. 5. And when you start a thing like that you don't know what you're letting yourself in for. 6. When she had turned the last page she decided that she would read the book again. 7. She was a trifle out of breath when she came to the third landing. 8. When Eva reached the restaurant she found that she was the last to arrive. 9. When Clare had had a cup of coffee and her bath... she began to feel much more herself. 10. When she had taken off her theatrical make-up she looked old and tired. 11. I suddenly remembered that I had seen that film.

Ex. 13. Translate into English using the gerund

a) as subject or predicative:

1. Бесполезно звонить ему: его в это время никогда не бывает дома. 2. Сон на открытом воздухе очень полезен. 3. Он не только хороший певец, но и прекрасный актер; его стоит послушать в опере. 4. Нет смысла делать перерыв, нам всего на полчаса работы. 5. Переходить реку в этом месте опасно. б. Когда после долгого подъема достигаешь вершины горы, испытываешь чув­ство необычайного удовлетворения. 7. Спорить с ним — это только понапрасну терять время. 8. Так приятно встречаться со старыми друзьями! 9. Слушать его рассказы — это еще раз пере­живать волнующие события тех дней. 10. Я не вижу в этом логики; по-моему, это все равно что ставить телегу впереди лошади.

b) as part of a compound predicate:

1. Когда вы кончите одеваться? Ведь мы можем опоздать. 2 Дождь пошел, как раз когда мы выходили из дому. 3. Клайд продолжал лгать матери, говоря, что у него мало денег, хотя он знал, как она нуждалась в его помощи. 4. После ухода миссис Чивли, Мейсон стал тушить свечи в гостиной. 5. Услышав кашель Сэма, мистер Потт перестал читать газету и посмотрел в его сторону

c), d) as an object (prepositional or non-prepositional):

1. Простите, что я опять напоминаю вам об этом. 2. Секре­тарь сейчас занята перепечаткой срочного материала. Не позво­ните ли вы минут через двадцать? 3. Не полагайтесь на то, что достанете билеты накануне; лучше закажите их заранее. 4. Надеюсь, вы не возражаете, если ей все расскажут? 5. Все сер­дечно поздравляли пилота с установлением нового рекорда.6. Мы очень благодарны вам, что вы избавили нас от стольких хлопот. 7. Я не привыкла, чтобы со мной так обращались. 8. Забудьте об этом; не стоит из-за этого так огорчаться.

е) as an attribute:

1. Его опыт вождения машины пригодится ему в будущей работе. 2. Он никак не мог свыкнуться с мыслью, что ему при­дется пробыть там еще полгода. 3. В такое время года есть только одна возможность добраться туда — это самолетом. 4. Он очень обрадовался перспективе поработать несколько лет под руководством такого известного ученого. 5. Представьте себе их восторг, когда они узнали, что он получил первую пре­мию за свой проект. 6. Он пытался найти удобный предлог, чтобы уйти пораньше. 7. Истинная причина столь поспешного возвращения миссис Чивли в Лондон заключалась в ее личйой заинтересованности в том, чтобы сэр Роберт снял свой доклад в парламенте. Она понимала, что только страх быть разоблачен­ным может заставить его согласиться на это.

f) as an adverbial modifier:

1. Он вышел из зала, не дожидаясь окончания спектакля. 2. Увидев приближающийся поезд, мы поспешили на платформу. 3. Просматривая журналы, он натолкнулся на очень интересную статью по экономике Англии. 4. Прежде чем писать об этих собы­тиях, он решил съездить в те места, где они происходили. 5. Мы уговорили его прийти, сказав, что особенно не задержим его. 6. Проверяя годовой отчет, бухгалтер обнаружил ошибку. 7. Он ушел, не сказав ни слова, даже не простившись 8. Не буду утом­лять вас перечислением всех деталей. 9. Он выглядел бодрым и веселым как всегда, несмотря на то, что провел бессонную ночь у постели больного. 10. Мы бы до сих пор не решили все эти вопросы, если бы с ним не было так легко работать.

Ex. 14. Complete the following by translating what is given in brackets using the gerund in the function of an object. Insert prepositions where necessary.

1. They prided themselves ... (что первые выдвинули эту теорию). 2. We counted ... (что застанем его на месте). 3. I can't recall ... (чтобы меня с ним когда-нибудь знакомили). I even don't remember ... (что видел его). 4. Не couldn't get used ... (чтобы его называли дедушкой). 5, She was quite unconscious ... (что пришла в неудачный момент). 6. Excuse mе ... (что я вошел не постучав). 7. I'm really ashamed ... (что так, давно вам не писал). 8. Не is upset ... (что ему приходится начинать все сновa). 9. She denied ... (что обещала что-либо подобное). 10. We hope he will succeed ... (найти свое место в жизни). 11. Why do you avoid ... (называть вещи своими именами)?

Ex 15. Replace theparts jn bold type by gerundial phrases.

1. When the girl entered the room, she glanced a little wonderingly at the faces of the three men. 2. He felt much better after he had been operated on. 3. Just before I got into my apartment I was approached by a man who asked me if I was a doctor. 4. This woman's face attracted his attention as familiar for he remembered that she had passed by him several times. 5. That I was on the spot was a bit of luck for him. 6. Roberta insisted that Clyde should marry her for she wanted to give a name to her child. 7. While he was writing his report, he remembered that he had forgotten to mention some facts. 8. When she saw him she stopped reading at once and put the letter away and even did not comment in any way upon what she was reading. 9. The whole neighbourhood was so dreary and run-down that he hated the thought that he would have to live there. 10. When Samuel Griffiths came back from Chicago on this particular day, after he had concluded several agreements there, he was inclined to feel very much at ease and on good terms with the world. 11. She did not feel as if she would go out that day. 12. In this thick fog she was afraid that she might be knocked down. 13. You will do nothing but irritate him if you will nag him all the time. 14. He preferred to keep silent for fear that he might say something inopportune. 15. He was not only the author of brilliant short stories, but he was also a talented playwright. 16. Once he gets into his head an idea of doing something, it is impossible to talk him out of it.

Ex. 16. Make one sentence out of the following pairs of sentences by using gerundial phrases. The part in bold type is to become the predicate.

Model: She talked about food. It made him feel hungry. Her talking about food made him feel hungry.

1. He had been with us for twenty minutes. He didn't say a word. 2. He made everything clear to me. He explained every detail. 3. She has quite a gift. She makes complicated things clear and simple. 4. He surely risked. He might have broken his neck when he jumped across the stream. 5. My brother has a very irritating habit. He hums some tune all the time. 6. She sang out of tune. It annoyed me immensely. 7. We have no objections. They may leave earlier. 8. She looked out of the window. She saw a large crowd gathering in the garden in front. 9. They were engaged. They were bedding out the flowers. 10. She was very much disappointed. She had not received any letters. 11. We kept the child from crying. We told him funny stories. 12. He decided not to go there. He gave up the idea completely. 13. Why are you sitting idle? You ought to take the initiative into your hands. 14. He was nst at all helpful. More than that, he was a burden to us.

Ex. 17. Translate into English.

1. Дефо неоднократно штрафовали и сажали в тюрьму за нападки на власти. 2. Теккерей был очень способен к рисованию. Я недавно узнал, что он сам иллюстрировал «Ярмарку тщесла­вия». 3. Клайд избегал говорить о своем прошлом с Сондрой и ее друзьями. 4. Сондра была разочарована, когда узнала, что Клайд всего лишь бедный родственник Гриффитсов. 5. Лорд Горинг любил говорить парадоксами и испытывал удовольствие, когда его не понимали. 6. Леди Чил-терн вспомнила, что когда-то училась вместе с миссис Чивли. 7. Миссис Чивли намеревалась выйти замуж за лорда Горинга. 8. Лорд Горинг не дал миссис Чивли вмешаться в дела сэра Роберта Чилтерна. 9. Больше всего леди Базилдон не любила, когда ее поучали. . 10. Об этом стоит написать. 11. Не то что у него нет чувства юмора, просто ему сейчас не до шуток. 12. Неизвестно, как долго бы продолжался этот лесной пожар, если бы не пошел сильный дождь. 13. «Раз увидеть лучше, чем сто раз прочесть», — гласит; народная пословица. 14. Когда обмениваешься мнениями, это позволяет лучше сформулировать свои собственные мысли.

Ex. 18. Point out predicative constructions with the gerund in the following sentences and define their functions.

1. I hate the idea of Larry making such a mess of his life. (S. M.) 2. Later, in the night, I was awakened by the sound of someone moving softly about the room. (A. Chr.) 3. Do you think there is much chance of one seeing him again? (A. Chr.) 4. Well, it was the same fellow. And do you remember me saying that I was sure I had seen him somewhere before? (P. W.) 5. "Will you pay any attention if I forbid you to go?" "No, darling," I said, "none." Then she said, "That's what I imagined. In that case there doesn't seem to be much point in my forbidding it." (S. M.) 6. What can be the possible use of Larry's learning dead languages? (S. M.) 7. Jane bit her lip till the blood came, and walked back to her seat with out another word, but she couldn't help the tears of rage rolling down her face. (Galsw.) 8. "Well," he said, "I couldn't help Irene's having no money." (Galsw.) 9. He had called there three times now without her being able to see him. (Galsw.) 10. His having come home so late has caused her much anxiety. (Cus.) 11. I'm afraid just at first he'll be rather lonely and I shall feel more comfortable if I can count on your keeping an eye on him. (S. M.) 12. I shan't mind its coming out a hundred or so over the mark. (Galsw.)

Ex. 19. Form predicative constructions with the gerund out of the elements in brackets.

1. They might, she always felt, disapprove of (women, to smoke) in public halls. (Qalsw.) 2. ...I did ask her why she could not sleep and what kept (she, to think) so much as she listened to the nightingale. (Bates) 3. "It's not much good (me, to spend) half an hour writing to your urtcle if he changes his mind the next letter he gets from you," said the headmaster irritably. (S. M.) 4. Kate smiled at (Anthony, to shift) on his chair. (Gr. Gr.) 5. "I couldn't stop (she, to come here)." He spread his hands helplessly. (M. D.) 6. If you don't object to (me, to accompany) you as far as the door, sir...? (A. Chr.) 7. Louise did not mind staying there, although she was always glad to get away to a bath with hot water, and a meal without (dogs, to clamour) round the table. (M. D.) 8. No one would dream of (he, to be) so near at hand. (A. Chr.) 9. Slipping into the room like a ghost, she crept into her grandmother's bed, and finished (she, to cry) unchided until she fell asleep. (M. D.) 10. "You must not mind our (to be surprised)," she said. (A. Chr.) 11. After all I'm partly to blame for (you, to miss) the train so the least I can do is to help you out of a jam. (Cus.) 12. ...there was still a chance of (Bart, to come). (Cus.) 13. Naturally, I realise that this pleurisy will put her back a bit, but I suppose it won't prevent (she, to be) out by the end of Octo­ber? (Cus.)

Ex. 20. Recast the following sentences so as to use predic­ative constructions with the gerund. Use prepositions where required,

1. Presently I became aware that someone was moving softly about this room. 2. I was about to suggest that you should lunch with me. 3. For my part I had never before suspected that Kate had a deep vein of superstition in her nature. 4. I cut short his lamentations, by suggesting that we should start for the camp at once. 5. I like you so much because you are such a good cook. .6. I boasted that my father was different; he would understand that I was an artist. 7. She took a peculiar delight in the fact that he was Peter's son. 8. He felt proud of the fact that he had been able to win a woman whom everybody admired. 9. She gave no sign that she heard that he had slammed the door. 10. She insisted that he should drop his voice. 11. He was clever, no one had ever denied that he was clever.

Ex. 21. Complete the following so as to use predicative constructions with the gerund.

1. You don't seem to mind their... . 2. What is the reason of his... ? I don't understand what prevents her... . 3. There's no sense in your... . 4. She finished her... . 5. He dropped the subject without my... . 6. Louise didn't like to run the risk of her... 7. He liked the idea of their... . 8. They saved time by Tom's... . 9. There was no excuse for Isabel's... . 10. There was no possibility of David's... . 11. I was awak­ened by the sound of someone... . 12. I sat there listening to Arthur... . 13. I don't like her ... . 14. He was right in his... . 15. There is no point in my... . 16. Bobby gave no sign of his... , 17. There was an absolute proof of his... . 18. Forgive my... . 19. It was the only excuse for her... .

Ex. 22. Change the construction of the following sentences so as to use complexes with a gerund or half-gerund.

1. Don't forget to remind them that they have to come a bit earlier. 2. That he had been away for so many years made feel quite a stranger in that big city. 3. I couldn't bear the idea that anybody should interfere with what I thought to be my per­sonal affair. 4. We were all surprised that the project had not yet been put into practice. 5. The writer confessed that he had never dreamt his book would be so successful with the general reader. 6. Will you have anything against it if Alec brings a friend of his to the party? 7. Did he say anything of the kind? 1 don't remember. 8. Mother will be terribly disappointed if Harry doesn't get the job. 9. It suddenly occurred to Rita that she must be going; her parents might be worried if she stayed out later than usual. 10. My whole future depended on whether I should not lose possession of myself at that moment. 11. His friends considered him very practi­cal though he was so young.

Ex.23. Construct complexes with a gerund or a half-gerund out of the elements given in brackets. Insert prepositions where neces­sary.

1. We were surprised ... (he, to take) the whole affair into his own hands. 2. There is a committee meeting there tomorrow. I count ... (Mr. Dunne, to come). ... (he, to be) there will carry more weight. 3. If it were not ... (Rivera, to render) financial aid to the Junta, it might have failed to organize the uprising. 4. Emily was confused ... (we all, to observe) her, and hung down her head. 5. Ratterer's idea ... (Clyde, to go) to his uncle Samuel not onry pleased but also annoyed him. 6. It is not worth while ... (you, to worry). 7. I understand perfectly ... (the girl, not to want) to leave. 8. I heard ... (the committee, to turn down) the proposal. 9. The functioning of the mechanism depends ... (it, to handle) properly. 10. I won't stand ... (anybody, to talk) to Mother like that. 11. David was in constant fear ... (his step­father, to punish) him tor something. 12. You must forgive ... (the boy, to be so curious). 13. She won't believe ... (I to interest) you in the matter.

Ex. 24.Insert a pronoun where necessary.

1. I am against … being sent there alone. He is not experi­enced enough. 2. His strong capable hands showed no signs of ... being used for hard manual work. 3. She forgot ... promis­ing to call and kept them waiting. 4. She forgot ... promising to call and didn't wait for them. 5. He thought of how he could plain to his famfly ... being delayed so long. 6. He was proud of her and her fame and proud of ... being seen with her. 7. They blamed him for ... missing such an opportunity. 8. 1 don't remember ... mentioning that they had moved to another flat. 9. He never spoke of ... being reprimanded for it. 10. Excuse ... calling you at their hour. 11. Excuse me for ... calling you at this hour. 12. I object to ... interfering in the conflict. 13. I object to ... interfering in my work. 14. We could not prevent ... happening. 15. Nothing could prevent them from ... gossiping. 16. They were very keen on ... winning the bet.

Ex. 25.Translate what is given in brackets using a complex with gerund or a half-gerund where necessary.

1. I don't remember a) (чтобы он сказал); b) (чтобы я сказал) anything of the kind. 2. She suggested а) (связаться с ним); (чтобы мы связались с ними). 3. What annoyed us most was а) (то, что им отказали в визах); б) (то, что нам отказали в визах). 4. I count on а) (что скоро вас увижу); b) (что мы скоро с вами встретимся). 5. (То, что егo назначили) to a post of such importance a) was received with satisfaction; b) encouraged him. 6. She brought her apologies for а) (что причинила им так много беспокойства); b) (что ее ребенок причинил им так много бес­покойства). 7. Не was conscious of а) (что его ввели в заблуж­дение) ; b) (что он ввел их в заблуждение); с) (что эти слова ввели их в заблуждение); d) (что они ввели его в заблуждение), 8. The new assistant is unable to prepare everything for the experiment а) (если его не проинструктируют); b) (если вы его не проинструктируете). 9. а) (Несмотря на то, что им было очень холодно), b) (Несмотря на то, что было очень холодно), they would not stop their observations. 10. We are greatly thankful to them for а) (что нам была предоставлена); b) (что мы имели); с) (что они предоставили нам) such ample opportunity. 11. They could not forgive me а) (что потеряли из-за меня столько вре­мени); b) (что я зря потерял столько времени).

Ex. 26. Translate into English.

1. Можем ли мы рассчитывать на то, что вы пришлете эти сведения вовремя? 2. Мы рассчитываем, что получим эти сведе­ния вовремя. 3. Они, должно быть, рассчитывали, что им при­шлют эти сведения вовремя. 4. Вам не следует рассчитывать на то, что нам пришлют все эти сведения вовремя. 5. Трудно рас­считывать на то, что эти сведения будут присланы вовремя. 6. Он настаивал на том, чтобы его туда послали. 7. Он настаи­вал на том, чтобы нас туда послали. 8. Он настаивал на том, чтобы мы его туда послали. 9. Он настаивал на том, чтобы послать туда кого-нибудь. 10. Не могу себе представить, чтобы вам отказали. 11. Он боялся, что вы ему откажете. 12. Она не привыкла, чтобы ей в чем-либо отказывали.13. Не стоит повто­рять все сначала. 14. Я думаю, нам не стоит повторять все сна­чала. 15. Больной не соглашался, чтобы его оперировали. 16. Родители согласились, чтобы ребенка оперировали.

Ex. 27. State whether the -ing-form is the gerund or the verbal noun. Give your reasons.

1. Liza was able to make her own living by working at a factory. (S. M.) 2. When I imagined that on seeing his pictures I should get a clue to the understanding of his strange character I was mistaken. (S. M.) 3. He could feel that he was very close to a beginning of some sort, but he couldn't tell what sort it would be. (W. S.) 4. Helen doesn't jib at the washing-up and Dong is so handy on the boat. (P. W.) 5.He translated quite mechanically, without paying attention to the words as he wrote them one after the other. (S.M.) It was everywhere perfectly still, save for the rustling of leaves and birds. (J. L.) 7. But the most striking thing about him was the feeling he gave you of suppressed fire. (S. M.) 8. You stay here, my man. No slipping off to warn your master. (A. Chr.) 9. ...he hadn't time for worrying about the weather. (F. F.) 10. The diary is useful for recording the idiosyncrasies of other people — but not one's own. (A. Chr.) 11. I didn't at all like the prospect of having to break the bad news to him. (P. W.)

Ex. 28. Recast the following sentences so as to use predi­cative costructions with the gerund instead of subordinate clauses.

1. Do you mind if I take your dictionary? 2. Do you think father would mind if we go to the park now? 3. She insisted we should put off our conference. 4. Linda was surprised. She had no idea that he was good at mathematics. 5.I was annoyed because they shouted so loud. 6. "He's a dear little man," said she. "I'd no idea you knew him." 7. As we drove away he suggested that we should return by train. 8. Laura remembered she had left that umbrella standing in the corner. 9. She sug­gested that Philip should pass himself off as her brother. 10. A miner insisted that I should stay at his home. 11. Michael suggested that she should go to the Crimea to be near her moth­er. 12. Harold insisted that we wait for you. 13. He suggested that she should sit down. 14. She remembered that Charles had once said to her that the origin of poetry was emotion. 15. Julia suggested that they should go down.

Ex. 29. Translate into English using the gerund or predi­cative constructions with the gerund.

1. Я не настаиваю на том, чтобы заняться этим вопросом немедленно. 2. Нельзя было не заметить ее радости. 3. Друзья начали расхваливать голос Хэриса, и в конце кон­цов, он согласился спеть. 4. Все зависит от того, примете ли вы необходимые меры. 5. Он не мог уйти, не спросив разрешения. 6. Когда дядя Поджер принимался что-нибудь делать, он вовлекал в работу всю семью и все больше и больше волновался, но у него никогда не хватало духа самому что-либо делать. 7. Это очень разумный совет, им стоит воспользоваться. 8. Вместо того чтобы посылать ему телеграмму, я свяжусь с ним по телефону. 9. Никто не возражал против того, чтобы Франк представлял фирму на выставке. 10. Это выражение часто встречается, его стоит выучить.

Ex. 30. Use the gerund or the infinitive of the verb in brackets. Insert prepositions where necessary.

1. I regret (to miss) the show. 2. I regret (to say) I am not coming. 3. He is quite able (to take care) of himself. 4. He is capable (to do) things you would least expect of him. 5. He would not stop (to ask) questions until he thought he was clear about everything. 6. We called after him, but he did not even stop (to turn) his head. 7. I don't like your way (to talk). 8. This is not the way (to talk). 9. It was very useful (to hear) the different opinions. 10. It's no use (to argue) when the matter is settled. 11. You can hardly count (to find) everything as you would like it to be. 12. He felt they were hiding something from him, and he demanded (to tell) the truth. 13. I'll give you a chance (to try) your hand at it. 14. Shall we have a chance ever (to see) you here again? 15. His time was up, but he still went on (to talk). 16. After saying a few words about the author himself, the lecturer went on (to speak) of his works. 17. I need spectacles (to read). 18. The print is too small; I need a magnifying glass (to read) it with.

Ex. 31. Translate the following into English using the gerund or the infinitive. (The verbs in brackets are to be used as predicates.)

1. (to remember, to forget): а) Вы не забыли опустить письмо, которое я вам дал? b) Сунув руку в карман, он обна­ружил там письмо, которое он забыл опустить. с) Едва я прочел первые строки, как вспомнил, что я уже где-то читал эти слова, d) Я совсем забыл, что одолжил кому-то свой словарь, и долго искал его на полках. 2. (to suggest, to offer): а) Случай оказался серьезным, и врач предложил созвать консилиум. b) Видя наши затруднения, он предложил выручить нас. 3. (to keep promise, to show promise): а) Выполнил ли он свое обещание заняться этим делом? b) Он обещает скоро стать одним из лучших шах­матистов нашего клуба. 4. (to go on): а) Во второй главе автор продолжает описывать экономическое положение страны. b) Во второй главе, после краткого анализа экономики страны, автор описывает современную политическую обстановку. 5. (couldn't help, couldn't but): а) Его искусство не могло не вызвать восхи­щения. b) Кто бы ни видел его картины, не мог не восхищаться его искусством. 6. (to propose): а) Экскурсовод предложил начать осмотр выставки с автобусной поездки по ее территории. b) Насколько известно, они намеревались выехать во второй половине дня. 7. (to think): а) Мы полагали начать обследова­ние завода с этого цеха. b) Я не мог даже и думать о том, чтобы оставить его одного в таком состоянии.

Ex. 32. Complete the following using the gerund or the infinitive. Insert prepositions where necessary.

1. There is no .... 2. There is not much .... 3. ... is out of the question. 4. ... would have been a mistake. 5. It is no good ... . 6. It is very good ... .7. His duty was ... .8. His work was ... .9. There is no reason ... .10. There is no need ... . 11. Your television set does not need .... 12. You needn't .... 13. He was looking for an opportunity .... 14. I don't think there can be any opportunity ... . 15. Then the article goes on .... 16. In spite of the late hour they went on .... 17. They were in a hurry, they could not stop ... . 18. He was struck by the beauty of the scenery; he could not stop ... . 19. I am used ... .20. When a student I used ... . 21. I can't bear ... . 22. They couldn't afford .... 23. What about your report? Have you finished ... ? 24. On hear­ing the footsteps he ceased ... .25. He began ... only when the noise subsided. 26. We never intended .... 27. No matter how often I tried ... .28. The weather looks like ... .29. The climate seems .... 30. It was very nice ... .31. My job is ... .

Ex. 33. Use the gerund or the infinitive of the verb in brack­ets. Insert prepositions where necessary.

1. He had begun (to retrace) his steps when he at last caught sight of Bosinney. (Galsw.) 2. Jan began (to walk) slowly down, her arm through Doreen's. (Cus.) 3. It began (to get) dark. (Un. Is.) 4. Then she began (to tremble), not that she was afraid, but at the thought of the people she would meet. (White) 5. He finally refused (to eat) anything but boiled eggs. (A. Chr.) 6. The sun had begun (to sink) towards the high rim of the hills. (Cron.) 7. They began (to drive) ac­ross the island. (White) 8. She began (to walk) up and down angrily. (A. Chr.) 9. The game begins (to be) dangerous. (Galsw.) 10. I really begin (to believe) she was Blenkisop. (A. Chr.) 11. Jane continued (to discuss) her problem with no appreciation of his presence. (A. Chr.) 12. He stopped (to chat) with Joe from the scenario department. (F. F.) 13. Please, tell her it is necessary (to keep) the patient under morphia. (A. Chr.) 14. Tired? Do you want (to stop)? (A. Chr.) 15. Then, he went on (to give) me details. (A. Chr.) 16. Mr. Tower paused (to take) breath. (S. M.)

Ex. 34. Use the infinitive or the gerund in the required form instead of the infinitive in brackets.

1. I don't want (to seem) rude or small-minded. (D. Rob.) 2. But then I heard rain begin (to fall), at first in big, flop­py, countable drops, and then in a sudden running hiss. (Bates) 3. How did he expect me (to work) for him if I had no­where (to live)? (M. D.) 4. He sat (to smoke), (to talk) to her in a quiet (to sooth) voice. (D. Rob.) 5. I want her (to know) if the worst comes to the worst she can count on me. (S. M.) 6. That seemed (to break) the ice between us, and everything came easy afterwards. We sat and talked for over an hour. (D. Rob.) 7. She's not allowed (to leave) the house. (A. Chr.) 8. She must be made (to understand). (A. H.) 9. While I was working, Jerry and Ray came down the street. They stopped (to watch). (S. M.)

Ex. 35. Use the gerund or the infinitive of the verb in brack­ets. Insert prepositions wherever necessary.

1. It gave Ashendon a queer feeling (to listen) to the doctor (to give) him these facts in Miss King's hearing. (S. M.) 2. If they intended (to break) open her peace of mind from curiosity, she was prepared (to defend). (White) 3. There is something little (to choose) between the reality of illusion and the illusion of reality. (White). 4. Bernice looked round again, she seemed unable (to get) away from Warren's eyes. (F. F.) 5. Aunt Ann didn't ask him (to explain) this strange utterance. (Galsw.) 6. As he went out (to pay) a call, which had just come in, at 3 Riskin Street, Andrew felt his heart quicken to the day. (Cron.) 7. He had noticed that people really do not want (to be bothered). (S. M.) 8. You must be blind not (to see) the kind of person he is. (Cron.) 9. It was stupid of me (to take) offence. (S. M.) 10. Above all this true Forsyte refused (to feel) himself ridiculous. (Galsw.) 11. They began (to fire) questions at Andrew. (Cron.)

Ex. 36. Complete the following using the gerund or the infinitive.

1. He has made remarkable progress, we hope him... 2. You don't try... . 3. I am going... . 4. He can't afford... . 5. I am sure that you and he will be able... . 6. I remember he used... . 7. Obviously the only way is... . 8. A few days later he came... . 9. He tried to remember how... . 10. Inside, he lit the gas and began... .11. She did not stop... . 12. She got up and looked quite prepared... . 13. He knew it... . 14. Something terrible is going... . 15. He wanted... . 16. Miss Marple sighed and said, "We all had... . " 17. You want me.. .