- •Contents
- •The infinitive
- •1. The forms and categories of the Infinitive. The use of ‘to’-Infinitive and the Bare Infinitive. ‘To’ without the Infinitive.
- •Exercises
- •2. The Infinitive in the function of the Subject
- •Exercises
- •3. The Infinitive in the function of Part of the Predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The Infinitive in the function of Object
- •Exercises
- •5. The Infinitive in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •6. The Infinitive in the function of Adverbial Modifier and Parenthesis
- •Exercises
- •Of purpose:
- •Of consequence:
- •7. The Complex Object, the For-Complex and the Complex Subject
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Infinitive
- •I meant to call
- •Test yourself Test on the Infinitive
- •State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •Find and correct an error.
- •Translate into English.
- •(Keys, p.125) the gerund
- •8. The forms and categories of the Gerund.
- •Exercises
- •9. The Gerund in the functions of Subject, Predicative, Part of Compound Verbal Predicate.
- •Exercises
- •Translate into English:
- •10. The Gerund in the function of Object.
- •Exercises
- •Direct Object:
- •Prepositional Object:
- •11. The Gerund in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •12. The Gerund in the function of Adverbial Modifier
- •Exercises
- •The alternative use of the Infinitive and the Gerund. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •13. The choice between the Gerund and the Infinitive after some Verbs.
- •Exercises
- •14. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun compared.
- •Exercise
- •Revision of the Gerund
- •The Titanic
- •Test yourself Test on the Gerund
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets. Make all necessary changes.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •V. Read the news items below and complete what you might say using the gerunds:
- •(Keys, p.126) the participles
- •15. The forms and categories of the Participles
- •Exercises
- •16. Participles in the functions of Attribute, Predicative, and Parenthesis.
- •17. Participles in the Functions of Adverbial Modifier.
- •Exercises
- •Attribute:
- •Predicative:
- •Adverbial modifier:
- •Parenthesis:
- •18. Participle I and the Gerund compared.
- •Exercises
- •19. Complex Object with the Participles
- •20. Complex Subject with the Participles
- •21. Absolute Participial Constructions
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Participles
- •Test yourself Test on Participles
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English. Mind the use of Participles:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
- •(Keys, p.127) Revision of the Verbals
- •I. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •II. Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •III. Find and correct an error.
- •IV. Translate into English.
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
I. State the functions of the Infinitive.
Subject
Attribute
Complex Object
AM of subsequent events
Object
AM of result / consequence
Complex Object
Complex Subject
part of the CVM predicate
AM of purpose
II. Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
You are not a man to remain alone for very long.
She seemed to be doing her best.
I can’t bear you to look unhappy.
We all find him to be a reliable fellow.
This man is old enough to be your father.
What shall I do for you to forgive me?
To hear him talk you may think he is a great expert.
The delegation from China is reported to have arrived in our city.
He was too astonished to utter a word.
They are most unlikely to become friends. They are so different (They are too different to become friends).
III. Find and correct an error.
I’ve been doing nothing but eat since morning.
I find it useful to learn poems by heart.
Hadn’t we better Ø postpone our trip?
The house appeared to have been recently repaired.
The book is too difficult to read it for pleasure.
He was Ø gentleman enough to offer her a lift.
He was too young a poet to be famous.
I have no one to discuss it with.
He couldn’t make up his mind whether to join their company or not.
He didn’t seem to realize the danger.
IV. Translate into English.
What a pity it is to be asked when you expect it least of all!
There are two exams left for me to take.
Do you still enjoy hiking? – Not so much as I used to.
– He is said (mentioned, etc.) to be acquainted with many noble people. – Yes, he is, but I’ve never seen him appear in their company.
I still hesitate whether to start this hard work (demanding job) or not.
He returned home to find the door (to be) unlocked.
I didn’t mean to upset you but I am afraid I’ll have to.
What makes you think he will turn down our request (will refuse it to us)? He is just the man to be relied (rely) on (upon).
Much history is required to make (create) a bit of literature (some literature).
How do you find his new role in the theater? – To tell you the truth, I find it (to be) boring. His acting leaves much to be desired.
Test on the Gerund
I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
Object
Subject
Attribute
Object
AM of manner
Object
Part of the CVPh predicate
AM of time
Objects
AM of time
II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets.
1. She thanked him for giving (presenting) her flowers.
2. They accused him of stealing a painting.
3. She insists on their wearing hats.
4. The police officer prevented the thief from escaping.
5. She often dreams about buying a house near the sea.
6. He suspected the children of damaging the tree.
7. They rewarded me for returning their lost dog.
8. He prevented her from marrying that humbug.
9. He congratulated me on my passing the test.
10. Can I interest you in buying this ring?