- •Contents
- •The infinitive
- •1. The forms and categories of the Infinitive. The use of ‘to’-Infinitive and the Bare Infinitive. ‘To’ without the Infinitive.
- •Exercises
- •2. The Infinitive in the function of the Subject
- •Exercises
- •3. The Infinitive in the function of Part of the Predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The Infinitive in the function of Object
- •Exercises
- •5. The Infinitive in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •6. The Infinitive in the function of Adverbial Modifier and Parenthesis
- •Exercises
- •Of purpose:
- •Of consequence:
- •7. The Complex Object, the For-Complex and the Complex Subject
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Infinitive
- •I meant to call
- •Test yourself Test on the Infinitive
- •State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •Find and correct an error.
- •Translate into English.
- •(Keys, p.125) the gerund
- •8. The forms and categories of the Gerund.
- •Exercises
- •9. The Gerund in the functions of Subject, Predicative, Part of Compound Verbal Predicate.
- •Exercises
- •Translate into English:
- •10. The Gerund in the function of Object.
- •Exercises
- •Direct Object:
- •Prepositional Object:
- •11. The Gerund in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •12. The Gerund in the function of Adverbial Modifier
- •Exercises
- •The alternative use of the Infinitive and the Gerund. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •13. The choice between the Gerund and the Infinitive after some Verbs.
- •Exercises
- •14. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun compared.
- •Exercise
- •Revision of the Gerund
- •The Titanic
- •Test yourself Test on the Gerund
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets. Make all necessary changes.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •V. Read the news items below and complete what you might say using the gerunds:
- •(Keys, p.126) the participles
- •15. The forms and categories of the Participles
- •Exercises
- •16. Participles in the functions of Attribute, Predicative, and Parenthesis.
- •17. Participles in the Functions of Adverbial Modifier.
- •Exercises
- •Attribute:
- •Predicative:
- •Adverbial modifier:
- •Parenthesis:
- •18. Participle I and the Gerund compared.
- •Exercises
- •19. Complex Object with the Participles
- •20. Complex Subject with the Participles
- •21. Absolute Participial Constructions
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Participles
- •Test yourself Test on Participles
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English. Mind the use of Participles:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
- •(Keys, p.127) Revision of the Verbals
- •I. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •II. Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •III. Find and correct an error.
- •IV. Translate into English.
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
Exercises
Ex.1. COMPLETE the sentences using gerund as subject or predicative. No 1 is done for you.
(If I feel sorry for myself it will be something I cannot afford doing) Feeling sorry for myself is a luxury I can't afford.
(Why yell like that?) “It’s not worth while …”.
(You had better not irritate me) “Gentlemen, it’s no good your …”.
(I see you hesitate whether to take up this job or not) It’s no use … a job you are not fit for.
(Why don’t you try?) There’s no harm in … .
(I was pleased that I was free and alone with my thoughts) What I enjoyed was … .
There was a great deal more that was delightful, (but no one could put it into words) only there’s no … .
(I suggested that we all should gather in a week) My idea was … to see how the plan works.
(He felt as if his legs were going to drop off) Charles dragged himself upstairs, clinging to the banisters. His legs felt like … .
(I don’t know how to get along with them) “There’s no … ,” said he. “They’re simple waste”.
(I suppose, one may say the same truth in two different ways) There is no harm in … .
(She collected bright-coloured small speckled stones from the beaches where she had been) a) Her main hobby was … . b) … was her pastime.
(We don’t need to say anything else). We now understand each other, and there is no use in …
(No one can tell what will happen, they say) There’s no … , until things actually come to pass.
(To do things by halves is useless) There is no use in … .
(I felt frightened to death) “I felt like … of fright. I did, upon my word, I got that frightened!” said Mark.
(You exaggerate and distort all facts) This is … ; it’s … .
Ex.2. USE the gerund as part of compound verbal phasal predicate to complete the sentence.
1. Do you continue … ? 2. The company stopped … , it has become a wholesale meat supplier. 3. The surgeon’s patient went on … . 4. My school education was coming to the final stage and I took to … to pass the exams successfully. 5. Chris stopped … on his doctor’s advice. 6. We must go on … if we want the first prize. 7. I suppose it has stopped … , hasn’t it? 8. Before the orchestra started … someone cried out the conductor’s name. 9. Just before we finished … there was a loud knock at the door. 10. You speak English so well, when did you begin … ? 11. I’m sure she took to … when she moved to New York. 12. The same mistake continued … in the students’ essays. 13. When the motors ceased … everyone understood the situation they faced. 14. The boy kept on … without noticing anyone. 15. I wonder if she has given up … . 16.The letter said that unless we discontinued … legal actions would be taken against our company.
Ex.3. TRANSLATE the sentences using the gerund in the functions of:
А. Subject:
1. Мы хорошо понимаем друг друга, и едва ли есть необходимость говорить еще что-то. 2. Лежать на пляже гораздо приятнее, чем сидеть весь день в офисе. 3. «Пусть поплачет, - сказал Крис, - сейчас бесполезно ее успокаивать». 4. Не стоить писать ему, он все равно никогда не отвечает на письма. 5. У наших оппонентов есть очень веские доводы; нет смысла их переубеждать. 6. Это так приятно, сидеть у костра всю ночь и слушать песню ветра. 7. Победить в выборах и стать великим президентом, к сожалению, далеко не одно и то же. 8. Было очень неожиданно встретить вас на набережной, ведь мне сказали, вы приедете позже. 9. Стоит ли плакать над разбитой вазой? 10. Все билеты проданы, не стоит и пытаться попасть на премьеру.
В. Part of the Compound Verbal Phasal predicate:
1. Я рассмеялся, и другие последовали за мной. 2. Нам ничего не оставалось делать, как продолжать наблюдать за тем, что происходит вокруг. 3. Неожиданно снег начал падать большими хлопьями, и вскоре все вокруг было покрыто белым ковром. 4. Антон наконец-то закончил убирать комнату. 5. За ужином она вдруг начала извиняться, затем расплакалась. Все бросились ее успокаивать, но она продолжала рыдать и все пыталась объяснить, почему она так поступила. 6. Я продолжал бродить по городу, по всем закоулочкам, исследуя каждый уголок, который стоил того, чтобы изучить его поближе. 7. Прекратите болтать! Я пытаюсь закончить письмо, а вы мне мешаете! 8. Он продолжал заниматься своим делом, не обращая на нас никакого внимания. 9. Он прекратил заниматься музыкой уже лет десять назад. 10. Она продолжала рисовать что-то в своем альбоме, а я продолжал думать о том, что произошло.
Ex.4. USE the gerund as part of the idomatic predicate to speak about hobbies and activities (come/go+Ger.):