- •Contents
- •The infinitive
- •1. The forms and categories of the Infinitive. The use of ‘to’-Infinitive and the Bare Infinitive. ‘To’ without the Infinitive.
- •Exercises
- •2. The Infinitive in the function of the Subject
- •Exercises
- •3. The Infinitive in the function of Part of the Predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The Infinitive in the function of Object
- •Exercises
- •5. The Infinitive in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •6. The Infinitive in the function of Adverbial Modifier and Parenthesis
- •Exercises
- •Of purpose:
- •Of consequence:
- •7. The Complex Object, the For-Complex and the Complex Subject
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Infinitive
- •I meant to call
- •Test yourself Test on the Infinitive
- •State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •Find and correct an error.
- •Translate into English.
- •(Keys, p.125) the gerund
- •8. The forms and categories of the Gerund.
- •Exercises
- •9. The Gerund in the functions of Subject, Predicative, Part of Compound Verbal Predicate.
- •Exercises
- •Translate into English:
- •10. The Gerund in the function of Object.
- •Exercises
- •Direct Object:
- •Prepositional Object:
- •11. The Gerund in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •12. The Gerund in the function of Adverbial Modifier
- •Exercises
- •The alternative use of the Infinitive and the Gerund. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •13. The choice between the Gerund and the Infinitive after some Verbs.
- •Exercises
- •14. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun compared.
- •Exercise
- •Revision of the Gerund
- •The Titanic
- •Test yourself Test on the Gerund
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets. Make all necessary changes.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •V. Read the news items below and complete what you might say using the gerunds:
- •(Keys, p.126) the participles
- •15. The forms and categories of the Participles
- •Exercises
- •16. Participles in the functions of Attribute, Predicative, and Parenthesis.
- •17. Participles in the Functions of Adverbial Modifier.
- •Exercises
- •Attribute:
- •Predicative:
- •Adverbial modifier:
- •Parenthesis:
- •18. Participle I and the Gerund compared.
- •Exercises
- •19. Complex Object with the Participles
- •20. Complex Subject with the Participles
- •21. Absolute Participial Constructions
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Participles
- •Test yourself Test on Participles
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English. Mind the use of Participles:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
- •(Keys, p.127) Revision of the Verbals
- •I. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •II. Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •III. Find and correct an error.
- •IV. Translate into English.
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
Test yourself Test on Participles
I State the functions of the Participles:
He was silent for a minute or two – a frown creasing his forehead.
And I suppose, Mary, having actually heard these threats, you were not so very surprised when you learnt what had happened?
Encouraged, Mrs. Fowler plunged willingly into reminiscence and hearsay.
Psychologically speaking, I shouldn’t say this was a woman’s crime.
He had, I gathered, spent the afternoon trying to get a complete list of persons, who had been noticed entering the tobacco shop.
I felt embarrassed as to how exactly to reply.
I’ll have a watch kept on anyone connected with the Ascher business.
His words stumbling over each other, we had some difficulty in seeing what he wanted from us.
From time to time I caught Caro giving me looks, trying to guess what I was thinking.
Emily Brent was left alone sitting in the dining-room.
II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
As I was constantly interrupted I refused to go on speaking.
We stood there for a while and the rain was still pouring.
The boy sat all by himself and looked very pleased with life.
The student was caught as he was cribbing at the exam.
He looked at me as if he was astonished at my request.
When we were at our second year we had a festival of fairy tales.
The boy who was examined by the doctor was sent to the hospital.
Greg and Sarah were left in the lounge – they were debating our chances for good holidays.
Where are the people who were waiting for you in the hall?
I found them as they were rehearsing the play.
III Translate into English. Mind the use of Participles:
«Я чувствую, как что-то горит», - сказала она, войдя в кухню.
– Ты не видел студентов нашей группы? Где они могут быть?
– Они, должно быть, в зале. Видели, как они репетировали пьесу О. Уайльда «Как важно быть серьезным».
Так как фильм был очень скучный, нам захотелось уйти из кинотеатра.
– Где вы были все это время? Машина, ожидавшая вас, уже ушла. Вам следовало поторопиться.
– Мы задержались в парикмахерской. Джиму нужно было подстричься, и нам пришлось его подождать.
Сняв пальто, мы зашли в комнату. Он сидел в кресле, слушая музыку.
– Где ты починил часы?
– В часовой мастерской напротив здания на углу улицы.
– Мои часы тоже нуждаются в починке. Думаю, завтра смогу отнести их в мастерскую.
– Зачем откладывать на завтра то, что можно сделать сегодня?
Прибыв на вокзал, он узнал, что ему придется ждать поезд около двух часов.
– Тебе долго пришлось дожидаться его?
– Он так и не пришел. Зная его номер телефона, я позвонила ему и узнала, что он плохо себя чувствует. Извинившись, он просил перенести встречу на будущую пятницу.
Выпущенный студией «Мосфильм» новый фильм о семье последнего русского императора с января будет идти во всех крупных кинотеатрах.
Я хочу, чтобы это было доказано. Нельзя обвинять человека, не имея достаточно улик.