- •Contents
- •The infinitive
- •1. The forms and categories of the Infinitive. The use of ‘to’-Infinitive and the Bare Infinitive. ‘To’ without the Infinitive.
- •Exercises
- •2. The Infinitive in the function of the Subject
- •Exercises
- •3. The Infinitive in the function of Part of the Predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The Infinitive in the function of Object
- •Exercises
- •5. The Infinitive in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •6. The Infinitive in the function of Adverbial Modifier and Parenthesis
- •Exercises
- •Of purpose:
- •Of consequence:
- •7. The Complex Object, the For-Complex and the Complex Subject
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Infinitive
- •I meant to call
- •Test yourself Test on the Infinitive
- •State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •Find and correct an error.
- •Translate into English.
- •(Keys, p.125) the gerund
- •8. The forms and categories of the Gerund.
- •Exercises
- •9. The Gerund in the functions of Subject, Predicative, Part of Compound Verbal Predicate.
- •Exercises
- •Translate into English:
- •10. The Gerund in the function of Object.
- •Exercises
- •Direct Object:
- •Prepositional Object:
- •11. The Gerund in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •12. The Gerund in the function of Adverbial Modifier
- •Exercises
- •The alternative use of the Infinitive and the Gerund. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •13. The choice between the Gerund and the Infinitive after some Verbs.
- •Exercises
- •14. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun compared.
- •Exercise
- •Revision of the Gerund
- •The Titanic
- •Test yourself Test on the Gerund
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets. Make all necessary changes.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •V. Read the news items below and complete what you might say using the gerunds:
- •(Keys, p.126) the participles
- •15. The forms and categories of the Participles
- •Exercises
- •16. Participles in the functions of Attribute, Predicative, and Parenthesis.
- •17. Participles in the Functions of Adverbial Modifier.
- •Exercises
- •Attribute:
- •Predicative:
- •Adverbial modifier:
- •Parenthesis:
- •18. Participle I and the Gerund compared.
- •Exercises
- •19. Complex Object with the Participles
- •20. Complex Subject with the Participles
- •21. Absolute Participial Constructions
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Participles
- •Test yourself Test on Participles
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English. Mind the use of Participles:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
- •(Keys, p.127) Revision of the Verbals
- •I. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •II. Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •III. Find and correct an error.
- •IV. Translate into English.
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
III. Find and correct errors.
Let’s stay at home. It’s beginning to rain.
Giving advice is not much in my line.
He had a great difficulty in expressing himself fluently.
We’re used to writing tests at every Grammar class.
The furniture in the house was so old, that it required polishing.
Watching all those rubbish horror movies is wasting your precious time
(or: To watch all those rubbish horror movies is to waste your precious time).
She repeated the whole story in detail for fear of being misunderstood.
Is this question worth raising again?
I had an impression of being treated awfully badly.
I suggest leaving everything as it used to be before we came.
IV. Translate the sentences into English.
I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I need your help urgently (promptly).
It’s no use your staying here till late afternoon, you can leave upon finishing your job (work). (… you can leave when you finish working)
I ask for a chance of speaking out my opinion.
Do you object to Peter’s making a report at the conference?
I am sorry to have to say it, but you can be dismissed from the company.
The house needs repairing: the roof wants replacing, the kitchen requires reconstructing, the windows need washing thoroughly and the garden wants cleaning.
Please remember to say to them that they need to come a little earlier (Please remember to tell them to come some time earlier).
After his breaking his promise, he cannot deserve relying upon.
He insisted on our being sent there.
It’s no good (it’s no use) repeating everything from the beginning.
V. Read the news items below and complete what you might say using the gerunds (this task is creative)
Test on Participles
I State the functions of the Participles:
AM of attendant circumstances
a) AM of reason, b) Predicative
Attribute
Parenthesis
a) AM of manner, b) Complex Subject
Predicative
a) Complex Object, b) Attribute
AM of reason
a) Complex Object, b) AM of attendant circumstances
Complex Subject
II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
Having been constantly interrupted, I refused to go on speaking.
We stood there for a while, the rain still pouring.
The boy sat all by himself looking very pleased with life.
The student was caught cribbing at the exam.
He looked at me as if astonished at my request.
When (being) at our second year we had a festival of fairy tales (Being at our second year we had …).
The boy examined by the doctor was sent to the hospital.
Greg and Sarah were left (in the lounge) debating our chances for good holidays.
Where are the people who were waiting for you in the hall? (No Participle)
I found them rehearsing the play.
III Translate into English:
“I smell something burning”, she said coming into the kitchen.
– Have you seen the students from our group? Where can they be?
– They must be in the hall. They were seen rehearsing the play by Oscar Wilde “The Importance of Being Earnest”.
The movie being rather boring, we felt inclined to leave the cinema.
– Where have you been all that time? The car that was waiting for you has already gone. You should have hurried.
– We stayed too long at the barber’s shop. Jim needed to have his hair cut and we waited for him.
Leaving the coats in the hall we entered the room. He sat in the armchair listening to music.
– Where did you have your watch mended?
– At the watchmaker’s opposite the building on the corner of the street.
– My watch needs mending, too. I think I will take it there tomorrow.
– Why put off till tomorrow what you can do today?
Arriving at the station he found out that he will have to wait for his train about two hours.
– Did you have to wait very long for him?
– He never came. Knowing his phone number, I called him and learned he was unwell. Apologizing he asked to put off our meeting till next Friday
Produced by Mosfilm Studios the new movie about Russia’s last emperor’s family will be running in all big cinemas starting from January.
I would like to have this proved. Lacking sufficient evidence, you cannot blame a person.