- •Contents
- •The infinitive
- •1. The forms and categories of the Infinitive. The use of ‘to’-Infinitive and the Bare Infinitive. ‘To’ without the Infinitive.
- •Exercises
- •2. The Infinitive in the function of the Subject
- •Exercises
- •3. The Infinitive in the function of Part of the Predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The Infinitive in the function of Object
- •Exercises
- •5. The Infinitive in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •6. The Infinitive in the function of Adverbial Modifier and Parenthesis
- •Exercises
- •Of purpose:
- •Of consequence:
- •7. The Complex Object, the For-Complex and the Complex Subject
- •The Complex Object
- •The Complex Subject
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Infinitive
- •I meant to call
- •Test yourself Test on the Infinitive
- •State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •Find and correct an error.
- •Translate into English.
- •(Keys, p.125) the gerund
- •8. The forms and categories of the Gerund.
- •Exercises
- •9. The Gerund in the functions of Subject, Predicative, Part of Compound Verbal Predicate.
- •Exercises
- •Translate into English:
- •10. The Gerund in the function of Object.
- •Exercises
- •Direct Object:
- •Prepositional Object:
- •11. The Gerund in the function of Attribute
- •Exercises
- •12. The Gerund in the function of Adverbial Modifier
- •Exercises
- •The alternative use of the Infinitive and the Gerund. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •13. The choice between the Gerund and the Infinitive after some Verbs.
- •Exercises
- •14. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun compared.
- •Exercise
- •Revision of the Gerund
- •The Titanic
- •Test yourself Test on the Gerund
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets. Make all necessary changes.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •V. Read the news items below and complete what you might say using the gerunds:
- •(Keys, p.126) the participles
- •15. The forms and categories of the Participles
- •Exercises
- •16. Participles in the functions of Attribute, Predicative, and Parenthesis.
- •17. Participles in the Functions of Adverbial Modifier.
- •Exercises
- •Attribute:
- •Predicative:
- •Adverbial modifier:
- •Parenthesis:
- •18. Participle I and the Gerund compared.
- •Exercises
- •19. Complex Object with the Participles
- •20. Complex Subject with the Participles
- •21. Absolute Participial Constructions
- •Exercises
- •Revision of the Participles
- •Test yourself Test on Participles
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English. Mind the use of Participles:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
- •(Keys, p.127) Revision of the Verbals
- •I. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •II. Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive.
- •III. Find and correct an error.
- •IV. Translate into English.
- •I. Define the function of underlined gerunds.
- •II. Complete these sentences with the correct preposition and a verb form to express the ideas in brackets.
- •III. Find and correct errors.
- •IV. Translate the sentences into English.
- •I State the functions of the Participles:
- •II Paraphrase the sentences using Participial constructions (where possible):
- •III Translate into English:
- •IV Translate into Russian:
Exercises
Ex.1. STATE the functions of infinitives and gerunds:
1. The tape stopped playing, but the voices seemed to rattle around the room for a full minute. 2. It would never occur to him to thank you for saving his life. 3. Normally she would send one of the three boys to the store on Saturday, but that morning they had been sentenced by their father to weed-pulling in the garden. 4. Cooking had never amused her, and we soon took to going out almost every day – we would have lunches at small Italian restaurants and used to have dinners of Oriental cuisine – Thai, Chinese, or Japanese. 5. “But I dare say there’ll be other things to worry me. They keep coming up new all the time – things to perplex you, you know.” 6. Sanders hated to see his daughter cry. 7. She was good at knowing things that were hushed up by the government. 8. At first, we thought to leave home early in the morning, but then changed our minds and decided on staying until you called. 9. “There’s no returning to the place to correct what has been done wrong”, he went on thinking. 10. Until the botanists succeed, this plant will be the only representative of its species on earth, and it will continue to need protecting from everyone who is prepared to kill it in order to have a small piece. 11. I don't want to call you a liar, Ferguson, but I think you’re stretching diplomacy a bit by saying you’re impressed by this project. 12. “Bringing the kid here was my mistake, I admit,” he said, just loud enough for everyone to hear. 13. But what I myself saw of our housemaid’s conduct began to look mysterious, to say the least of it. 14. Early in the fight, Neddy adopted the rule of dropping to one knee whenever he was struck, in order to halt the fight and allow him to catch his breath. 15. Four of the nine burns were severe enough to be considered third degree. 16. The beautiful halls of Alhambra became desolate, and some of them fell to ruin; the gardens were destroyed, and the fountains ceased to play.
Ex.2. USE the verbs in the required form of either infinitive or gerund. SUPPLY the gerund with required prepositions where appropriate.
A. 1. He urged us (work) faster. 2. I arranged (meet) them here. 3. He dreads (have) to retire. 4. I’m looking forward (see) you. 5. I wish (see) the manager. 6. It’s no use (wait). 7. Don’t forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed. 8. He warned her (not touch) the wire. 9. My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it. 10. At dinner she annoyed me (smoke) between the courses. 11. I can’t understand her (behave) like that. 12. I tried (persuade) him (agree) with your proposal. 13. You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college. 14. He decided (disguise) himself (dress) as a woman. 15. I am prepared (wait) here all night if necessary. 16. Would you mind (show) how (work) the lift? 17. (Walk) for three hours we stopped to let the others (catch up) with us. 18. I am beginning (understand) what you mean. 19. He was fined (exceed) the speed limit. 20. I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused. 21. The boys like (play) games but hate (do) lessons. 22. Mrs. Jones: I don’t allow (smoke) in my drawing room. Mr. Gronassio: I don’t allow my family (smoke) at all. 23. I couldn’t help (overhear) what you said. 24. He surprised us all (go) away without (say) ‘good-bye’. 25. Your windows need (clean); would you like me (do) them for you. 26. Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) the truth. 27. Please go on (write); I don’t mind (wait). 28. My watch keeps (stop). – That’s because you keep (forget) (wind) it. 29. He wore dark glasses (avoid) (be) recognized. 30. Would you mind (shut) the window? I hate (sit) in a draught.
B. 1. People used (make) fire (rub) two sticks together. 2. If you go on (let) your dog (chase) cars he’ll end (be) run over. 3. I prefer (drive) to (be) driven. 4. I advise you (start) (look) for a flat at once. 5. (Lie) on this beach is much more pleasant than (sit) in the office. 6. Would you mind (lend) me $5? I forgot (cash) a check. 7. She likes her children (go) to the dentist every six months. 8. (Neglect) (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew. 9. An instructor is coming (show) how (use) the aqualung. 10. I have no intention (go) to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) my favorite actress in such a dreadful part. 11. (hear) the conditions I decided (not, enter) for the competition. 12. Some people seem (have) passion (write) to the newspapers. 13. (Offer) enormous wages he is persuading men (leave) their present jobs and (work) for him. 14. He expects me (answer) by return but I have no intention (reply). 15. Do stop (talk); I am trying (finish) a letter. 16. He postponed (make) a decision till it was too late (do) anything. 17. The horse isn’t well enough (run) in tomorrow’s races. He doesn’t seem (have recovered) from his long journey. 18. At first I enjoyed (listen) to him but after a while I got tired (hear) the same story. 19. Imagine (have) (get up) at five a.m. every day! 20. Try (forget) it; it isn’t worth (worry) about. 21. It wouldn’t be safe (start) down now; we’ll have (wait) till the mist clears. 22. It’s much better (go) to a hairdresser than (try) (save) time (cut) your own hair. 23. I can’t help (sneeze): I caught a cold yesterday (sit) in a draught. 24. His doctor advised him (give up) (smoke) and (take) (jog). 25. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
Ex.3. CHOOSE infinitive or gerund and give your comments. Some sentences may require using a preposition with the gerund.
A. 1. Has she finished (do) her Grammar test? 2. Has it stopped (rain) yet? 3. The two friends went on (talk) as if they had not heard the teacher’s remark. 4. After a short conference with the colleagues the head doctor continued (examine) the ward patients. 5. On the way to the post office she stopped (chat) with a neighbor. 6. Beside her, Jennifer had stopped (scream), and now was making a continuous low groan. 7. After a general greeting the manager went on (explain) the policy of the company. 8. I hope you will remember (stay) with us during your vacations. 9. This time I haven’t forgotten (mail) my boss’s letters. 10. I regret (say) that I can’t share all your hopes about this project.
B. 1. Sorry, I didn’t mean (startle) you. 2. Don’t be sorry (disclose) the truth to me. 3. Nick couldn’t help (be) serious about things even when he saw the joke, and was now frowning and polishing his glasses furiously. 4. The tour to the City Hall meant (meet) some of local administrators, which was never exciting to me. 5. I am so sorry (say) that your brother’s condition hasn’t improved so far. 6. I can’t but (stay) with my mother – she needs (look after) badly. 7. Don’t you see that he is totally incapable (tell) a lie? 8. I guess, he is quite able (complete) this task himself. 9. I don’t quite like your method (present) new vocabulary in class. 10. I have a dancing competition, but I fear (face) big audience and I’m afraid (fall) on stage because of my fear.
Ex.4. TRANSLATE the sentences using a gerund or an infinitive.
1. Простите, что прерываю Вас, но мне нужно сообщить Вам нечто очень важное. 2. Он не тот человек чтобы обманывать ребенка. 3. Я была рада, что он встретил меня на станции. 4. Я не смогла удержаться от смеха, увидев, как он неуклюж. 5. Ничто не может помешать мне сделать это. 6. Любить означает уметь понять и простить 7. У меня была возможность рассказать ей все, но я была слишком взволнована. 8. Было очень приятно увидеть Вас опять в нашем доме. 9. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы мне все рассказали об этом несчастном случае. 10. Они возражали против того, чтобы я его провожала. 11. Стоит ли читать эту книгу? 12. Его оштрафовали за превышение скорости. 13. Этот рассказ не так-то легко адаптировать. 14. Они сидели и продолжали молчать в течение некоторого времени, не обращая внимания на крики собравшихся людей. 15. Мы устали слушать пустой разговор. 16. Тим, нужно уложить твои книги и одежду. 17. Он удивился, услышав свое имя. 18. Вы не возражаете, если я сегодня приду на час позже? 19. Кто научил тебя играть на скрипке? 20. У кого ты учился играть на скрипке? 21. По-видимому, мой велосипед требует ремонта. – Почему бы тебе самому не попробовать его отремонтировать? 22. По какой-то причине он избегал встречаться со мной. 23. Не помню, чтобы я когда-либо обещал тебе это. 24. Ты не забыл выключить свет перед уходом? 25. Я не могла сдержать улыбки, когда Джозеф в первый раз взял малыша на руки. 26. Было невозможно не думать о возвращении. 27. Так нельзя относиться к детям. 28. Он вошел в комнату на цыпочках, боясь разбудить младенца. 29. Поскольку в мотор попала вода, он не мог не заглохнуть. 30. Вас учили танцам в школе? 31. В детсаде детей учат считать и читать. 32. Не могу с вами не согласиться – зданию нужен большой ремонт.