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Think of synonyms for the words in bold.
IV. Video
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Look through the words before watching the video:
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essential-важный gem- драгоценный камень crumbly – рассыпчатый soot-сажа rare-редкий dazzling-ослепляющий versatility-изменчивость to attach-прикреплять unique-уникальный compressed-спрессованный
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Now watch the video “Organic molecules” and find more information about carbon. Combine the information from the text and the video and tell the class about carbon.
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Speaking
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
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What is organic chemistry?
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Why are scientists interested in the field of organic chemistry?
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What does the name organic refer to?
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What phenomenon was found during the first half of the 19th century?
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Where does carbon occur?
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What other compounds containing carbon can you name?
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In what form does carbon occur in nature?
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Why do you think carbon is so important for humans?
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Translate the following sentences into English.
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При нагревании это соединение преобразуется в органическое вещество.
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Реакция идет очень медленно и требует нескольких часов кипячения раствора.
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Ученые полагают, что открыли новое соединение.
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Этот прибор используют для измерения давления.
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Ученые синтезировали такие важные соединения как метиловый и этиловый спирты, метан, бензол и ацетилен.
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Существует множество органических соединений, и еще больше создается каждый день.
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Сегодня термин “органическое соединение” относится и к натуральным и синтетическим углеродным соединениям.
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Диоксид углерода считается токсичным для окружающей среды.
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Самые простые углеродные соединения это углеводороды, состоящие из водорода и углерода.
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Атомы водорода имеют четыре связи благодаря четырем свободным электронам на внешней оболочке (shell).
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Match the names of organic chemistry reactions with their descriptions.
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Reaction |
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Description |
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1 |
Free radical reaction |
a |
is a reaction where negative ions are produced and attacked on positive sides. For example the carbonyl carbon is partially positively charged and negative ions will attack on the carbon easily. |
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2 |
Nucleophilic reaction |
b |
It is the reaction in which small organic molecules called as monomers combined together to give a large chain of macro molecule called as polymer. |
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3 |
Electrophilic reaction |
c |
is a reaction where radicals are formed and initiate it. For example bromination of methane involves formation of bromine free radical to proceed the reaction. |
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4 |
Addition reaction |
d |
is a reaction where a molecule is eliminated from an organic compound to give unsaturated compound. For example ethyl bromide on elimination in the presence of alcoholic KOH gives ethene. CH3-CH2-Br → CH2=CH2 + HBr
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5 |
Elimination reaction |
e |
is a reaction where positive ions are produced and attack on negative sides. For example benzene ring is a rich source of Î electrons. Hence all the reactions will proceed with the attack of this electron by positively charged ions |
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6 |
Oxidation reaction |
f |
It is the reaction in which an atom or group is replaced by another atom or group in an organic compound.
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7 |
Reduction reaction |
g |
It is the type of reaction where two organic compounds combine together to give one compound by elimination of simple molecules like water. |
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8 |
Condensation reaction |
h |
is a reaction where an atom or group is added across an unsaturated bond. |
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9 |
Polymerization reaction |
i |
It is the type of reaction where oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed from an organic compound. For example ethyl alcohol on strong oxidation in the presence of acidified potassium permanganate gives acetic acid.
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10 |
Substitution reaction |
j |
It is the type of reaction where oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added to an organic compound. For example acetone on reduction with lithium aluminum hydride gives 2-propanol.
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