- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III. Reading
- •IV. Speaking
- •V. Reading
- •VI. Listening
- •VIII. Writing
- •VII. Extra activities
- •IX. Grammar: Present Tenses
- •Lead-in
- •II. Reading
- •III. Speaking
- •IV. Reading
- •V. Listening
- •VI. Extra activities
- •VII. Write 10 equations and ask your partner to read them.
- •VIII. Project work
- •IX. Grammar: Past Tenses
- •I. Lead –in
- •II. Reading
- •III.Speaking
- •IV. Listening
- •V. Extra activities
- •VI. Speaking
- •VII. Grammar: will/going to
- •II. Reading
- •Read the text and check the pronunciation of the new words and elements in the dictionary.
- •Vocabulary
- •IV. Reading
- •Scan the text, find all the elements mentioned there. Then skim the text and say in what context they are used.
- •V. Writing
- •VI. Listening
- •Now listen to a “Periodic Table” song and check if you were right.
- •Iron is the 26th then cobalt, nickel ………you get
- •VII. Extra activities
- •Check the pronunciation of the elements in a dictionary or in appendix and read them aloud:
- •VIII. Grammar. Passive Voice
- •The Law of Conservation of Mass
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Reading
- •The Law of Conservation of Mass
- •III. Speaking
- •IV. Reading
- •Read the text and check the new words in the dictionary.
- •Put the events into chronological order according to the text.
- •Find the synonyms to the words in bold from the text.
- •V. Speaking. Discuss with your partner which you think are the most important scientific discoveries of the past. Talk about:
- •VI. Video
- •Before watching the video match the words with their definitions.
- •Watch the video and complete the sentences using the words from ex. VI a.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •VIII. Grammar: Participles
- •IX. Write a short essay to answer the question: “What are the main differences between the phlogiston theory and the Law of Conservation of mass”? Use these notes to write four paragraphs.
- •II. Reading
- •Read the text and choose the correct answer/answers and find the proof in the text.
- •VI. Reading
- •VII. Speaking /Project work
- •VIII. Video
- •Match the following words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents
- •IX. Writing
- •X. Grammar. Gerund
- •I. Lead- in
- •Reading
- •States of matter
- •IV. Translate into English.
- •V. Speaking
- •VI. Reading
- •Measuring matter: mass, weight, and volume
- •Volume V
- •Match the words and their definitions.
- •Measuring matter crossword
- •Fill in the table.
- •VIII. Listening
- •XI. Writing
- •X. Grammar. Infinitive
- •II. Reading
- •IV. Insert the missing prepositions into the blanks.
- •V. Speaking
- •VI. Reading
- •Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions listed:
- •Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •IX. Listening
- •X. Writing
- •XI. Grammar: Modal Verbs
- •Reading
- •Read the text and check if your definition is correct.
- •Speaking
- •Before you read
- •Reading
- •Comprehension
- •Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true or false.
- •Find synonyms for the following words in the text.
- •Speaking
- •Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •Do you agree with the following quotes? Why? Why not? Try to explain what Albert Einstein meant by saying them.
- •Writing
- •X. Extra activities
- •XI. Grammar: Reported speech.
- •Lead-in
- •Reading
- •Comprehension
- •Reading
- •Speaking
- •IX. Writing
- •Grammar: Conditionals
- •Lead-in
- •II. Reading
- •Read the text and check if your answers were correct.
- •Read the text thoroughly with a dictionary and answer the following questions.
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the given Russian words, word combinations and chemical terms.
- •III. Reading
- •Read the text and divide it into logical parts and entitle them.
- •Think of synonyms for the words in bold.
- •IV. Video
- •Look through the words before watching the video:
- •Now watch the video “Organic molecules” and find more information about carbon. Combine the information from the text and the video and tell the class about carbon.
- •Speaking
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Match the names of organic chemistry reactions with their descriptions.
- •VIII. Grammar: Questions
- •IX. Choose one of the topics below and write a report (150-200 words): Properties of Carbon, Carbon bonds, Hydrocarbons and their isomers, Derivatives of hydrocarbons, Types of polymers.
- •I. Elements (symbol, atomic number, English pronunciation).
- •II. How to read chemical formulas in inorganic chemistry.
- •III. How to read chemical formulas in organic chemistry.
- •IV. Notes on reading chemical formulas.
- •V. Some abbreviations in common use in chemistry.
X. Writing
Choose one of the topics and write a composition (200-250 words).
a) Impact of water quality on our health.
b) Water quality in Voronezh Reservoir.
c) Organic chemicals in the urban water cycle.
d) Chemical and Physical properties of water.
XI. Grammar: Modal Verbs
a. Underline the correct word(s).
1. A. Could/May/ Shall you tell me the time, please?
B. Yes. It is quarter past ten.
2. We might/ have to rehearse the play every night until Friday, because everything must/ shall be perfect for the performance.
3. A. Would/ Shall/ Will we go shopping tonight?
B. Yes. We need to buy some bread.
4. May/ Should/ Would I help you, madam?
5. We couldn’t / mustn’t make any mistakes in the test.
6. Can/ Shall/ May you post this letter for me, please?
7. A. Shall/ Would/ Could I speak to Jerry, please?
B. I am sorry, but he is not here at the moment.
8. May/ Will/ Would I have a cup of coffee, please?
9. A. You mustn’t / needn’t/ couldn’t lock the door.
B. Oh, will you do it when you leave?
10. I have a lot of lines to learn by heart and I must/might learn them all before midday.
b. Rephrase the following sentences using modal verbs.
1. I advise you to buy this book.
2. It is not necessary for him to take the exam again.
3. It is possible that Jane will call me this evening.
4. You aren’t allowed to eat and drink in the classrooms.
5. We are obliged to clock in and out every day.
6. Would you like me to help you?
7. Perhaps he will go for a picnic on Sunday afternoon.
8. How about throwing a party on your birthday?
9. I am sure Terry isn’t in the office.
10. You had better book your flight early.
UNIT 9 Molecules and chemical bonding I. Lead-in Before you read give definition to the word “molecule” using these words: particle, compound, substance, composed, interactions, properties, atoms, chemical forces. |
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Reading
Text A
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Read the text and check if your definition is correct.
Molecule
Molecule is the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance. Further subdivision of the substance leads to still smaller parts that usually differ from the original substance in composition and always differ from it in chemical properties.
Atoms consist of a single nucleus with a positive charge surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. When atoms approach one another closely, the electron clouds interact with each other and with the nuclei, then the atoms bond together to form a molecule. Thus, from a structural point of view, a molecule may consist of a single atom, as in a molecule of a noble gas such as helium (He), or it may consist of an aggregation of atoms held together by valence forces. Diatomic molecules contain two atoms that are chemically bonded. If the two atoms are identical, as in, for example, the oxygen molecule (O2), they compose a homonuclear diatomic molecule, while if the atoms are different, as in the carbon monoxide molecule (CO), they make up a heteronuclear diatomic molecule. Molecules containing more than two atoms are termed polyatomic molecules, e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Polymer molecules may contain many thousands of component atoms.
The ratio of the numbers of atoms that can be bonded together to form molecules is fixed; for example, every water molecule contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. It is this feature that distinguishes chemical compounds from solutions and other mechanical mixtures. Thus hydrogen and oxygen may be present in any arbitrary proportions in mechanical mixtures but when sparked will combine only in definite proportions to form the chemical compound water (H2O). It is possible for the same atoms to combine in different but definite proportions to form different molecules; for example, two atoms of hydrogen will chemically bond with one atom of oxygen to yield a water molecule, whereas two atoms of hydrogen can chemically bond with two atoms of oxygen to form a molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
b. Answer the following questions:
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What does further subdivision of the substance lead to?
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What happens when atoms approach to one another closely?
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Which types of molecules are mentioned in the text?
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Which feature distinguishes chemical compounds from solutions?
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Is it possible for the same atoms to form different molecules? Give examples.
c. Combine the words in bold from the text with their Russian equivalents: отрицательно заряженный, чистый, черта, взаимодействовать, приближаться, скопление, производить, перекись водорода, соотношение произвольный.