- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III. Reading
- •IV. Speaking
- •V. Reading
- •VI. Listening
- •VIII. Writing
- •VII. Extra activities
- •IX. Grammar: Present Tenses
- •Lead-in
- •II. Reading
- •III. Speaking
- •IV. Reading
- •V. Listening
- •VI. Extra activities
- •VII. Write 10 equations and ask your partner to read them.
- •VIII. Project work
- •IX. Grammar: Past Tenses
- •I. Lead –in
- •II. Reading
- •III.Speaking
- •IV. Listening
- •V. Extra activities
- •VI. Speaking
- •VII. Grammar: will/going to
- •II. Reading
- •Read the text and check the pronunciation of the new words and elements in the dictionary.
- •Vocabulary
- •IV. Reading
- •Scan the text, find all the elements mentioned there. Then skim the text and say in what context they are used.
- •V. Writing
- •VI. Listening
- •Now listen to a “Periodic Table” song and check if you were right.
- •Iron is the 26th then cobalt, nickel ………you get
- •VII. Extra activities
- •Check the pronunciation of the elements in a dictionary or in appendix and read them aloud:
- •VIII. Grammar. Passive Voice
- •The Law of Conservation of Mass
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Reading
- •The Law of Conservation of Mass
- •III. Speaking
- •IV. Reading
- •Read the text and check the new words in the dictionary.
- •Put the events into chronological order according to the text.
- •Find the synonyms to the words in bold from the text.
- •V. Speaking. Discuss with your partner which you think are the most important scientific discoveries of the past. Talk about:
- •VI. Video
- •Before watching the video match the words with their definitions.
- •Watch the video and complete the sentences using the words from ex. VI a.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •VIII. Grammar: Participles
- •IX. Write a short essay to answer the question: “What are the main differences between the phlogiston theory and the Law of Conservation of mass”? Use these notes to write four paragraphs.
- •II. Reading
- •Read the text and choose the correct answer/answers and find the proof in the text.
- •VI. Reading
- •VII. Speaking /Project work
- •VIII. Video
- •Match the following words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents
- •IX. Writing
- •X. Grammar. Gerund
- •I. Lead- in
- •Reading
- •States of matter
- •IV. Translate into English.
- •V. Speaking
- •VI. Reading
- •Measuring matter: mass, weight, and volume
- •Volume V
- •Match the words and their definitions.
- •Measuring matter crossword
- •Fill in the table.
- •VIII. Listening
- •XI. Writing
- •X. Grammar. Infinitive
- •II. Reading
- •IV. Insert the missing prepositions into the blanks.
- •V. Speaking
- •VI. Reading
- •Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions listed:
- •Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •IX. Listening
- •X. Writing
- •XI. Grammar: Modal Verbs
- •Reading
- •Read the text and check if your definition is correct.
- •Speaking
- •Before you read
- •Reading
- •Comprehension
- •Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true or false.
- •Find synonyms for the following words in the text.
- •Speaking
- •Discuss these questions with your partner.
- •Do you agree with the following quotes? Why? Why not? Try to explain what Albert Einstein meant by saying them.
- •Writing
- •X. Extra activities
- •XI. Grammar: Reported speech.
- •Lead-in
- •Reading
- •Comprehension
- •Reading
- •Speaking
- •IX. Writing
- •Grammar: Conditionals
- •Lead-in
- •II. Reading
- •Read the text and check if your answers were correct.
- •Read the text thoroughly with a dictionary and answer the following questions.
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the given Russian words, word combinations and chemical terms.
- •III. Reading
- •Read the text and divide it into logical parts and entitle them.
- •Think of synonyms for the words in bold.
- •IV. Video
- •Look through the words before watching the video:
- •Now watch the video “Organic molecules” and find more information about carbon. Combine the information from the text and the video and tell the class about carbon.
- •Speaking
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Match the names of organic chemistry reactions with their descriptions.
- •VIII. Grammar: Questions
- •IX. Choose one of the topics below and write a report (150-200 words): Properties of Carbon, Carbon bonds, Hydrocarbons and their isomers, Derivatives of hydrocarbons, Types of polymers.
- •I. Elements (symbol, atomic number, English pronunciation).
- •II. How to read chemical formulas in inorganic chemistry.
- •III. How to read chemical formulas in organic chemistry.
- •IV. Notes on reading chemical formulas.
- •V. Some abbreviations in common use in chemistry.
II. Reading
a. Read the text and translate it.
Text A
The Law of Conservation of Mass
The Law of Conservation of Mass is one of the most important concepts in chemistry. The law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. This means that in any chemical reaction, the mass of the reacting substances at the start of the reaction will be the same as the mass of the products at the end of the reaction. Matter can change its form in a reaction, for example from a liquid state to a gas, but the mass will remain the same.
The Law of Conservation of Mass is also known as the Lomonosov-Lavoisier Law because both of these scientists contributed to its development. Lomonosov first described the law in a letter to a friend and then published his ideas in a dissertation dated 1760. This theory was later confirmed by French scientist Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. Lavoisier verified his theory in practice by carrying out a number of carefully measured experiments in which he reacted tin and lead with oxygen. The idea of conservation of mass, however, can be traced back as far as ancient Greece. In the 5th century ВС, Anaxagoras, a philosopher and scientist, said that nothing comes into existence or is destroyed and that everything is a mixture of pre-existing things. Over the course of history, many other distinguished scientists also expressed their views on the conservation of mass. For example, the dominant theory in the 18th century was the phlogiston theory. According to this theory, all flammable materials (that is, materials that can burn) contain a substance called phlogiston, which is released during the burning process.
The Law of Conservation of Mass was not discovered in the usual scientific way. Lavoisier did not reach his conclusions by generalizing from a large number of similar cases because, at that time, there was not enough scientific information for him to do so. Instead, Lavoisier assumed that his theory was true and then he set about proving it. His belief was justified because he proved the Law of Conservation of Mass.
The fact that the total amount of matter in chemical reactions is always conserved and never disappears even though the matter may be in an altered form is not only important for science, but also for other fields of human knowledge, particularly philosophy. It has led us to think about the nature of existence, and where we truly come from.
b. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and phrases in the text: внести вклад в развитие, прийти к выводам, сохранять, вещества, легковоспламеняющийся, существование, процесс горения, предполагать, исчезать, формулировать закон.
c. Decide if the following statements are true/false or NS. Find the proof in the text.
1. Antoine Lavoisier was the first to contribute to the development of the atomic theory. T/F
2. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass can be created and destroyed. T/F
3. Antoine Lavoisier proved the theory by a number of experiments. T/F
4. Lomonosov observed burning objects in a closed container. T/F
5. Antoine Lavoisier helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement. T/F