VII. Уильям Шекспир. «Сон в летнюю ночь»

I. Прочитайте текст комедии.

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

• Своеобразие организации пространства в пьесе:

• мир людей и его неоднородность;

• мир лесных духов и его иерархичность.

• способность к взаимопроникновению сказочного и «реального» миров.

• Функции сна в пьесе. Физические и душевные метамор­фозы персонажей комедии.

III. Сопоставьте высказывания шекспировских героев о при­роде сна и сновидений:

Hamlet to Rosencrantz (II, 2):

I could be bounded in a nutshell, and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams.

Я бы мог замкнуться в ореховой скорлупе и считать себя власти­телем бесконечного пространства, если бы мне не снились дурные сны.

Пер. М. Лозинского

Prospero to Ferdinand. — The Tempest (IV, 1):

We are such stuff

As dreams are made on (of ?); and our little life

Is rounded with a sleep.

Мы сделаны из вещества того же,

Что наши сны, и сном окружена

Вся наша жизнь.

Macbeth to Lady Macbeth (II, 2):

Methought I heard a voice cry "Sleep no more!

"Macbeth does murder sleep," — the innocent sleep,

Sleep that knits up the ravell'd sleave of care,

The death of each day's life, sore labour's bath,

Balm of hurt minds, great nature's second course,

Chief nourisher in life's feast...

IV. Вернитесь к вопросу о функции сна в пьесе.

V. У. Шекспир. Монолог Меркуцио о королеве Маб из траге­дии «Ромео и Джульетта»

1. Прочитайте трагедию «Ромео и Джульетта».

2. Ответьте на вопросы:

• Где и при каких обстоятельствах Меркуцио произносит свой монолог?

• Какие приемы драматической техники делают возможным помещение в текст пьесы пространного монолога?

3. Прочитайте монолог Меркуцио.

4. Ответьте на вопросы:

• Как Шекспир держит внимание читателя и зрителя?

• В чем Ромео не согласен с Меркуцио?

I, 4

She is the fairies' midwife, and she comes 55

In shape no bigger than an agate-stone

On the fore-finger of an alderman,

Drawn with a team of little atomies

Athwart men's noses as they lie asleep:

Her waggon-spokes made of long spinners' legs; 60

The cover, of the wings of grasshoppers;

The traces, of the smallest spider's web;

The collars, of the moonshine's watery beams;

Her whip,of cricket's bone; thelash.of film;

Her waggoner, a small grey-coated gnat, 65

Not half so big as a round little worm

Prick'd from the lazy finger of a maid;

Her chariot is an empty hazelnut,

Mad by the joiner squirrel or old grub,

Time out o'mind the fairies' coach-makers. 70

And in this state she gallops night by night

Through lovers' brains, and then they dream of love;

O'er courtiers' knees, that dream on curtsies straight;

O'er lawyers' fingers,who stright dream on fees;

O'er ladies' lips,who straight on kisses dream; 75

Which oft the angry Mab with blisters plagues,

Because their breaths with sweetmeats tainted are.

Sometimes she gallops o'er a courtier's nose,

And then dreams he of smelling out a suit;

And sometimes comes she with a tithe-pig's tail, 80

Tickling a parson's nose as a' lies asleep,

Then dreams he of another benefice;

Sometime she driveth o'er a soldier's neck,

And then dreams he of cutting foreign throats,

Of breaches, ambuscadoes, Spanish blades, 85

Of healths five fathom deep; and then anon

Drums in his ear, at which he starts and wakes;

And, being thus frighted, swears a prayer or two,

And sleeps again. This is that very Mab

That plats the manes of horses in the night; 90

And bakes the elf-locks in foul sluttish hairs,

Which once untangled much misfortune bodes;

This is the hag, when maids lie on ther backs,

That presses them and learns them first to bear,

Making them women of good carriage:

This is she — 95

Rom.: Peace, peace! Mercutio, peace!

Thou talk'st of nothing.

Mer.: True, I talk of dreams,

Which are the children of an idle brain,

Begot of nothing but vain fantasy;

Which is as thin of subatance as the air, 100

And more inconstant than the wind, who woos

Even now the frozen bosom of the north,

And, being anger'd, puffs away from thence,

Turning his face to the dew-dropping south. 104