II. Copy out and learn the following words

to ensure	[ın`ʃuə]	обеспечивать
loop	[`lu:p]	петля
narrow	[`nærɔu]	узкий
to penetrate	[`penıtreıt]	проникать, пронизывать
to split	[`splıt]	расщеплять
to surround	[sə`raund]	окружать
to stem	[`stem]	начинаться, отходить от

III. Pay attention to the word formation

de- [di] – отсутствие, дефицит re- [ri:] – обратно, повторно ex- [eks] – вне, выдвижение из ч-л

deoxygenated reoxygenation, recharge change - exchange

IV. Remember the following prepositional phrases

as in turn whereas wherever

по мере того, как в свою очередь тогда как где (бы ни)

V. Read and translate the following word combinations from the text

In its passage through the body; the aorta stems directly from the heart; blood flows; back flow; as they penetrate the tissues; muscles in the surrounding tissues; arteries split into narrow branches called arterioles; to be of no use to the body cells; to ensure reoxygenation; a second “loop”.

VI. Read and translate the following word combinations

to ensure: (syn: to provide, guarantee); to ensure the best results; to ensure smb success

to penetrate: the rain penetrated the soil; a ray of light penetrated the room (the darkness); the needle penetrated my skin; our troops penetrated the enemy’s lines; to penetrate deeply; a deep penetration.

to split: (split, split); (syn: to divide); the teacher split the class into two groups; we split the money three ways

to surround: the journalists surrounded him; surrounded by friends; the affair is surrounded in mystery

VII. Read and translate the text, part II.

Language work

I. Find in the text the sentences with the Passive Voice and translate them

II. Find in the text the following sentences and define the types of the Subordinate Clauses

The largest artery is the aorta which ….

The push from the heart ….

As they penetrate the tissues ….

The deoxygenated blood delivered to the heart along the veins ….

In the part of the system ….

III. What does “those” substitute in the sentence

Veins have walls compared with those of arteries.

IV. In the text find the sentences with the following words and reproduce them

To transport, to penetrate and split, to assist, to prevent, to deliver, to ensure, the only artery (vein).

V. Answer the questions

What vessels carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

Name the largest artery and vein.

How do arteries and veins split?

What happens in the capillaries?

What assists blood flow in arteries and veins?

Where does the process of reoxygenation take place?

VI. Complete the sentences

Blood is carried in tubes known as ___ and ___.

Most arteries transport ___ blood, most veins transport ___ blood.

The largest artery is ___ which stems from ___.

The aorta and other large arteries have ___ walls lines with ___.

Blood flow is assisted by ___ and the ___ given by ___.

The ___ from the heart can be felt as ___.

As they penetrate the tissues, arteries split into ___ called ___, which in turn divide into ___.

It is through the ___ that ___ gives up its ___ and ___ and receives ___ and ___.

Deoxygenated blood in the ___ flows into the narrow ___ and then into ___.

The two largest veins, ___ return ___ to ___.

Veins have ___ walls compared with those of ___, and blood moves through the veins ___.

Blood flow in the veins is assisted by ___ and the backflow is prevented by ___.

The deoxygenated blood in the veins is no use to body cells until it ___.

To ensure reoxygenation, the circulation has ___.

In this part ___, blood rich in carbon dioxide travels from ___ along ___ to ___, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for ___.

The pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry ___.

The newly oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart along ___, the only vein to transport ___.

VII. Translate into English

Большинство артерий переносят кровь, богатую кислородом, а большинство вен – кровь, содержащую углекислый газ.

Кровь течёт с помощью сокращений мышц сосудов и импульсов, идущих от сердца.

Когда артерии разветвляются в тканях, они расщепляются в узкие артериолы, которые, в свою очередь, делятся на капилляры.

Именно через тонкую капиллярную стенку кровь получает кислород и отдаёт углекислый газ и продукты распада.

Вены имеют тонкие стенки, и кровь течёт в них намного медленнее.

Чтобы обеспечить реоксигинацию, кровообращение имеет вторую «петлю». В этой части системы кровь, богатая углекислым газом, идёт от сердца по лёгочным артериям в лёгкие, где углекислый газ обменивается на вдыхаемый кислород.