II. Development

1. Answer the following questions using the information from the text:

1. What law degrees are offered by American law schools?

2. What compulsory courses are included in the first year of the JD program?

3. What is a mock trial?

4. Who are LLM programs intended for?

5. What does the state bar exam in the US require?

6. What two stages of training are compulsory for both barristers and solicitors?

7. What vocational training is required for solicitors?

8. What is the purpose of the Bar Vocational Course?

9. What traditions are followed when prospective barristers join the Inns of Court?

10. How long does “pupilage” take?

2. Find in the text words and expressions which mean:

1. a long piece of writing about a particular subject that you do as part of an advanced university degree such as PhD;

2. relating to studies done at a university after completing a first degree;

3. a type of lawyer in Britain who gives legal advice, prepares the necessary documents when property is bought or sold, and defends people, especially in the lower courts of law;

4. a document showing that someone has successfully completed a course of study or passed an examination;

5. a course of study at a university or college, or the qualification that is given to you when you have successfully completed the course.

3. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the words only once.

to hold to provide with successful to enter to pay vocational sufficient to attend to pass

1. …… an undergraduate degree

2. …….training

3. ……….a membership fee

4. ……….the profession

5. ……… practical skills

6. ……….completion

7. ……….general education

8. ……….a law school

9. ………..the bar exam

4. Give the English equivalents for the following words and phrases:

Студент університету, який ще не отримав ступінь бакалавра; професійно орієнтований етап навчання; диплом (про закінчення вищого навчального закладу); майбутній солісітор; обов'язковий курс; практичні навички; готувати дисертацію; скласти іспит на право займатися адвокатською практикою; магістр юридичних наук; займатися адвокатською практикою;

цивільний процес.

III. Practice and experience

1. Match the words for people in education with the correct definition.

1. cadet	a) person, who trains sportsmen for contests or prepares private students for an exam
2. coach	b) highest grade of a university teacher
3. dean	c) the lowest teaching rank at university
4. instructor	d) person in charge of a division of study
5. lecturer	e) person who teaches you driving
6. trainee	f) the head of some universities and schools
7. principal	g) a person studying to become an officer in the army or a policemen
8. professor	person undergoing some form of vocational training
9. student	anyone devoted to the acquisition of knowledge, especially attending university

2. Study the following information and compare admissions criteria and financing law degrees in the us and Ukraine.

APPLYING TO US LAW SCHOOLS:

Admission to US law schools is extremely competitive, especially for international applicants. Admissions criteria include:

• Undergraduate and postgraduate (if applicable) coursework

• Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) scores – for JD applicants

• 2-3 letters of recommendation

• Statement of purpose

• CV and/or writing sample for some schools – extracurricular activities and previous work experience will be taken into account during admissions

• Interview for some schools

• Financial arrangements (applicants may be asked to provide information on how they intend to fund their legal education).

In terms of previous coursework, JD programmes do not require that applicants take an undergraduate degree in a particular subject or to have completed specific courses. Instead, they emphasize the importance of a demanding and well-rounded education with experience in a variety of disciplines.

FINANCING A LAW DEGREE:

Expenses:

As the cost of higher education increases in the US, it is important for students to know what costs to expect and to develop a plan to cover these. Students should expect to pay application fees that range between $50 and $120 per application. Additionally, you may need to factor in the cost of sitting the LSAT exam ($127 for JD applicants).

Tuition and fees rates can vary significantly from university to university, as there are no standard government set fees as in the UK. Rather, each university sets its own tuition and fees rates. Tuition for JD and LLM programmes can range from $20,000 to $45,000 per academic year. When considering funding for your degree, you should also consider living expenses (about 20, 000$), books and personal costs.

Funding:

There is limited university funding available for law degrees; however, applicants should explore all options for university scholarships and fellowships and make sure they are considered for applicable awards. Applicants may also wish to investigate funding from external funding bodies.