II. Development

1. Find in the text the information on

a) the role of the prosecutor at trial;

b) the role of the defence counsel;

c) reaching a jury’s verdict.

2. Complete the flowchart of steps of a trial:

3. Fill in the table with the words/ sentences from text:

Jury	Prosecution/ defence
Verdict, …	Opening statements, …

4. Try to describe each stage of a trial (exercise 2) using the information from the text.

5. Match the beginnings with the endings:

1. The function of a trial court is 2. After the opening statements by the prosecutor 3. Cross examination includes 4. In closing arguments the two opposing lawyers 5. After the verdict is announced

a. the judge is to determine the sentence. b. to determine the guilt or innocence of the accused person. c. summarize the case to the jury d. questioning the defendant/ witnesses by the opposing party. e. he presents evidence against the defendant.

6. Find the odd word out:

1. Defendant – convict – accused – prosecutor;

2. Defendant – defence counsel – prosecutor – judge – law;

3. Evidence – witness – experts – not guilty;

4. Indictment – verdict – sentence – arrest.

7. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following English expressions:

A. final verdict; to reach a verdict; to return a verdict; verdict of conviction; verdict of guilty; to agree upon a verdict;

B. convicted defendant; defendant’s story; defendant’s record; defendant in custody;

C. evidence on oath; false evidence; physical evidence; evidence of guilt; to introduce evidence;

D. trial by jury; bench trial; to stand trial; party to a trial; open trial

8. Review the information on criminal procedure and explain at which stage or stages of criminal process a person is called:

1) a convict;

2) an accused;

3) a charged offender;

4) a sentenced criminal;

5) a defendant;

6) a suspect;

7) an offender;

8) criminal.

9. Insert one of the following words into the text about presumption of innocence in an appropriate form:

Innocent, to acquit, guilt, the prosecution, a reasonable doubt, standard

In criminal cases, the defendant is presumed … until … proves each element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus, the law requires the jury … the defendant unless it is convinced of the defendant's guilt beyond …. The jury in a criminal case may not convict on a finding that the defendant’s … is more likely than not. On the other hand, the law does not require absolute certainty. The standard for determining guilt is somewhere in between these two … of proof.

10. Translate into English:

Вердиктом є рішення колегії присяжних з питання винності підсудного присяжні виносять вердикт

– без стороннього впливу, - відкритим голосуванням, - шляхом єдиноголосного рішення або більшістю голосів, - відповіді даються з кожного питання окремо.

Суддя в свойому слові пояснює присяжним, що при винесенні вердикта вони повинні:

• керуватися здоровим глуздом,

• керуватися принципом презумпції невинності,

• оцінювати досліджені в суді докази (свідчення підсудного, потерпілого, свідків, заключення експертів) в їх сукупності.