4. Use Present, Past, Future Perfect:

1. If the parties (to choose) a jury trial, it begins with the selection of jurors. 2. By the time we get to the place the court hearing (to finish). 3. He is a real criminal, he (to breach) the law twice already. 4. The investigator (to question) the victim already when we came. 5. (to hear) you the news? John is accused of murder. 6. They (to discuss) the judge’s decision by the next morning. 7. He (to hear) just that his wife is accused of larceny. He can’t believe it.

5. Choose the correct item:

1. Long ago each community … its own law based on its own traditions and customs.

a) has b) had c) has had

2. Private law …of the rules governing the relations between private persons or groups.

a) consist b) consists c) consisted

3. Property law …the rules for how to own or pass on the property.

a) has included b) includes c) is including

4. Since long ago it …the function of the police to enforce laws.

a) was b) is c) has been

5. They…a man during a robbery.

a) had murdered b) murdered c) have murdered

6. He…collecting the evidence when the chief inspector came to the place of crime.

a) has collected b) was collecting c) will be collecting.

6. Correct the mistakes:

1. For 2 hours the police was already preparing the description of the man wanted. 2. The accused of murder has escaped from Prinston prison 2 hours ago. 3. They were examined the victim’s clothes when the investigator came to ask for the result. 4. The victim gets compensation for the injury after the trial meeting was over. 5. She just prepared the report on procedural laws. 6. By the time the police started to search for the evidence of Brown’s guilt, poor woman has already revenged him cruelly.

The Passive Voice The Passive Voice (simple tenses)

1. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative. Change the factual information where necessary:

Example: The Supreme Court is divided into two branches: the High Court and the Court of Appeal. - Is the Supreme Court divided into two branches: the High Court and the Court of Appeal? The Supreme Court is not divided into two branches: the High Court and the Court of Appeal.

1. The written statements of the positions of the parties are called pleadings. 2. After the grand jury issues the indictment the accused person is arrested. 3. American judicial tradition holds that the truth will be reached most effectively through the adversary process. 4. The first task of the judge is to preside over the proceedings and see that order is maintained. 5. A U.S. attorney is chosen by the President with the approval of the Senate. 6. At the trial the witnesses are asked to testify by one party or another.

2. Make the sentences passive:

Example: The investigator left a suspect in the room. – A suspect was left in the room by the investigator.

1. The officers wrote the report in a terrible hurry. 2. A popular vote approved Ukraine’s declaration of independence. 3. The president received the delegation yesterday. 4. Everybody discussed the new law. 5. The policeman stopped the car. 6. The suspect demanded the victim’s money. 7. They didn’t include all information in the letter. 8. Her sister committed a crime.

3. Choose the appropriate form of the verb (active or passive): Example: The capital punishment (abolished/ was abolished) in Britain after World War II.

1. A body of expert lawyers (is needed/ needed) time for consideration of a case. 2. Common law (based/ is based) on the principle of deciding cases by reference to previous judicial decisions. 3. Citizens (are chosen/ choose) for jury service through a process that is set out in laws. 4. Once the jury (select/ is selected), the lawyers for both sides give their opening statements. 5. The prosecutor (presented/ is presented) the case yesterday. 6. How the formal accusation of the grand jury (call/ is … called)?