monomers-Платэ-книга
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13.2.4 Manufacture of 4,4 -diphenylmethane diisocyanate ……………… 511 Condensation of aniline with formaldehyde…………………… 512 Synthesis of aniline…………………………………………….. 513
13.2.5.Manufacture of other diisocyanates……………………………….. 516
13.2.6Synthesis of isocyanates using organosilicon compounds ………… 519 Phosgenation of N-silylamines…………………………………. 519 Thermolysis of N-silylurethanes……………………………..... 522 Thermolysis of О-silylurethanes ………………………………. 522
13.3Polyols and polyethers……………………………………………………… 524
13.3.1Manufacture of -diols…………………………………………….. 525
13.3.2.Manufacture of glycerol…………………………………………... 526
13.3.3.Manufacture of arylaliphatic diols ……………………………….. 528
13.3.4.Manufacture of monomers for poly(ether polyols)……………….. 528
Chapter 14. Monomers for polycarbonates………………………………….. 531
14.1Bisphenols…………………………………………………………………. 535
14.1.1Manufacture of bisphenol A………………………………………. 537 Condensation of phenol with acetone…………………………. 537 Condensation of phenol with acetone in the presence
of ion-exchange resins………………………………………… |
544 |
Synthesis of bisphenol A from phenol and methylacetylene |
|
or allene……………………………………………………….. |
546 |
Synthesis of bisphenol A from phenol and |
|
p-isopropenylphenol…………………………………………… |
548 |
Synthesis of bisphenol A from phenol and 2-chloropropene-1… |
549 |
Methods of purification of bisphenol A ………………………. |
550 |
14.1.2Manufacture of halogen-substituted bisphenols…………………... 550 Synthesis of tetrachlorobisphenol A…………………………... 551 Synthesis of tetrabromobisphenol A………………………….. 552
14.2Diphenyl carbonate………………………………………………………… 552
14.2.1Manufacture of diphenyl carbonate by phosgenation of phenols…. 553
14.2.2.Manufacture of diphenyl carbonate by
interaction of phenol with |
carbon tetrachloride…………………….. 555 |
14.3Bisphenol S…………………………………………………………………. 556
14.4Resorcinol…………………………………………………………………... 558
14.5Cyclocarbonates…………………………………………………………….. 559
14.5.1.Manufacture of cyclocarbonates from -oxides…………………... 564
14.5.2.Manufacture of cyclocarbonates from chlorohydrin ethers ………. 565
14.5.3.Manufacture of cyclocarbonates from diols………………………. 566
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14.5.4.Manufacture of multifunctional cyclocarbonates…………………. 567
Chapter 15. Monomers for phenoland amino-aldehyde polymers………… 569
15.1.Monomers for phenol-aldehyde polymers…………………………………. 569
15.1.1.Manufacture of phenols…………………………………………… 569 Isolation of phenols from the products of coal processing…….. 570 Isolation of phenols from the products of oil refining…………. 573 Synthesis of phenols via sulfonation of benzene………………. 573 Alkaline hydrolysis of chlorobenzene (Dow Chemical method).. 574 Rachig modified method (Hooker Chem process)……………… 574 Cumene method………………………………………………… 575 Oxidation of benzene ………………………………………….. 584
15.1.2.Manufacture of bromophenols and their derivatives – antipyrenes.. 588
15.2.Monomers for carbamido-aldehyde polymers……………………………. 590
15.2.1.Manufacture of carbamide……………………………………….. 591
15.2.2.Manufacture of melamine………………………………………... 593
Chapter 16.Organosilicon monomers………………………………………… 596
16.1.Methods of obtaining organosilicon monomers…………………………… 598
16.1.1.Organomagnesium synthesis …………………………………….. 598
16.1.2. Direct synthesis…………………………………………………... |
598 |
16.1.3. Dehydrocondensation of silicon hydrides with hydrocarbons…… |
599 |
16.1.4.Condensation of silicon hydrides with halogen-derivatives……... 599
16.1.5.Hydrosilylation…………………………………………………… 599
16.2.Organochlorosilanes………………………………………………………. 601
16.2.1. Manufacture of methyland ethylchlorosilanes by direct synthesis |
602 |
Synthesis of silicon-copper contact mass……………………… |
603 |
Synthesis of methylchlorosilanes………………………………. |
605 |
Synthesis of ethylchlorosilane ……………………………….. |
607 |
Synthesis of ethyldichlorosilane ………………………………. 608 |
|
Synthesis of diethyldichlorosilane……………………………... |
609 |
Synthesis of phenylchlorosilanes………………………………. |
610 |
16.2.2. Manufacture of organochlorosilanes by thermocatalytic silylation |
610 |
Synthesis of methylphenyldichlorosilane……………………… |
611 |
Hydrosilylation of unsaturated compounds……………………. 611 High-temperature condensation method……………………….. 612 16.2.3.Manufacture of organochlorosilanes by disproportionation reactions 612
16.2.4.Pyrolytic methods for the synthesis of organochlorosilanes ……… 613
16.2.5.Manufacture of organosilicon monomers by chemical