Milk preservation and dairy products

In most Western countries, centralized dairy facilities process milk and products obtained from milk (dairy products), such as cream, butter, and cheese.

Pasteurization is used to kill harmful microorganisms by heating the milk for a short time and then cooling it for storage and transportation. Microfiltration is a process that partially replaces pasteurization and produces milk with fewer microorganismus and longer shelf life without a change in the taste of the milk. In this process, cream is separated from the whey and is pasteurized in the usual way, but the whey is forced through ceramic microfilters that trap 99.9% of microorganisms in the milk (as compared to 95% killing of microorganisms in conventional pasteurization).

Upon standing for 12 to 24 hours, fresh milk has a tendency to separate into a high-fat cream layer on top of a larger, low-fat milk layer. The cream often is sold as a separate product with its own uses. Today the separation of the cream from the milk usually is accomplished rapidly in centrifugal cream separators. The fat globules rise to the top of a container of milk because fat is less dense than water.

Butter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. It is generally used in cooking applications, such as baking, sauce making, and pan frying. Butter consists of butterfat, milk proteins and water.

Ice cream is a frozen dessert usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in addition to, or instead of, the natural ingredients.

Active Vocabulary

Process – обробляти

dairy products – молочні продукти

heating – підігрівання

cooling – охолодження

storage – зберігання

shelf life

taste – смак

separate – відділяти

separation –відділення

centrifugal cream separators – центрифужний сепаратор

layer – шар, пласт

consist – складатися

churn – збивати

frozen – заморожений

varieties – види

flavour – смак

contain – містити

sweetener – підсолоджувач

flavouring – ароматизатор

colouring – барвник

rapidly – швидко

harmful – небезпечний

whey – сировотка

Task 1

Match a word with its definition

1.Pasteurization 2. Microfiltration 3. Butter 4. sour cream 5. dairy products 6. Ice cream 7. centrifugal cream separators

a)product separated from the milk b) a dairy product made by churning cream c) a frozen dessert made from dairy products d) heating the milk to kill harmful microorganismus e)Pasteurization of milk without cream f) products obtained from milk g) fermented cream

Task 2

A) Write down related words to the next words and translate them:

To heat, to cool, to store, to churn, to separate, processing, to pasteurize, fat, flavour, sweet, colour, container, cream.

b)Find in the text the synonyms to the next words:

Taste, dangerous, preservation.

Unit 13

Text 1