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Ex.11. Match each activity (1-8) with a department (a-h).

  1. checking quality

  1. Legal

  1. selling products

  1. Purchasing

  1. buying materials

  1. Sales

  1. organizing training

  1. Accounts

  1. delivering goods

  1. Production

  1. keeping a record of payments

  1. Human Resources

  1. researching the market

  1. Marketing

  1. advising on rules

  1. Transport

Ex.12. Study the following organizational chart which shows the different positions in a company:

Look at the organizational chart and write the name of the position in the blank.

  1. He is in charge of the company. Everyone reports to him. He makes all final decisions. He is the ______;

  2. All of the sales personnel in Europe report to him. The Manager of International Sales supervises him. He is the _______.

  3. Her supervisor is responsible for all purchases made by the company. She completes the forms for him to sign. She is the _______.

  4. She helps all new employees with their forms for health insurance, pay checks and so on. She is the _________.

  5. The Directors of Personnel and Purchasing departments report to him, and he reports to the Managing Director. He makes sure the company runs efficiently. He is the __________.

Exercises in Comprehension Ex.1. Answer the following questions:

  1. What does the structure within which business can operate depend on?

  2. What factors influence this structure?

  3. Who is the company run by?

  4. What is the Board of Directors responsible for?

  5. Who is the head of the company? What is he/she responsible for?

  6. Who supervises the Managing Director?

  7. What departments do most companies have?

  8. What is the Director responsible for?

  9. Who reports to the Director?

  10. Whom do personnel in each department report to?

  11. Who elects the Board of Directors?

Ex.2. What is the difference between:

Chairman of the Board – Managing Director

Board of Directors – Personnel department

Ex.3. Sum up what the text says about the structure of organizations. Grammar Revision

Past Perfect Continuous

We use the Past Perfect Continuous

  • to talk about an action which had been in progress before another

We often use it with for and since

I had been visiting this company for several weeks before they solved my problem.

Ex.1. Choose the correct variant.

  1. I had solved/had been solving this difficult problem for some time when he appeared.

  2. By the time we got to the office they had negotiated/had been negotiating for 2 hours.

  3. He had already written/had been writing lecture notes for some time when we rang him up.

  4. They had looked/had been looking for some new information in the documents for two days before they found a mistake.

  5. He had reported/had been reporting to the manager before he left the office.

  6. He kept looking at her, wondering where he had been seeing/had seen her.

  7. He had smoked/had been smoking for 10 years before he gave it up.

  8. The telephone had rung/had been ringing for 3 minutes before I answered it.

  9. When I came the Board of Directors had been discussing/had discussed this contract for an hour.

  10. We had been finishing/had finished the discussion by 5 o’clock.

  11. He didn’t sign the contract until he had been reading/had read every word.

  12. When I left my last job, I worked/had been working there for 10 years.