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МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

КИЇВСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТА ДИЗАЙНУ

Англійська мова

Методичні вказівки

для практичних занять для студентів ІІІ курсу

зі спеціальності „Автоматизація та комп’ютерні інтегровані системи”

частина І

КИЇВ КНУТД 2008

Англійська мова: методичні вказівки для практичних занять для студентів ІІІ курсу зі спеціальності „Автоматизація та комп’ютерні інтегровані системи” / Укладачі М.С. Копил, О.В. Павлусенко – К. КНУТД, 2008.- с.34

Укладачі: Копил М.С.

Павлусенко О.В.

Відповідальний за випуск: Барамикова Т.В., к.ф.н., доцент, зав. кафедри

іноземних мов ф-ту ТЛП

Unit 1. Automation

1. Execution - виконання

2. sensing device – детектор, датчик

3. variability - варіативність

4. quality - якість

5. hazardous - небезпечний

6. labour - праця

7. flexibility - гнучкість

8. costs - витрати

9. integrated - комплексний

10. aim - мета

I Read and translate the text Automation. What do you know about automation? What areas of production it can be used in? Automation

Automation refers to the use of computers and other automated machinery for the execution of business-related tasks. Automated machinery range from simple sensing devices to robots. Automation of operations may include the automation of a single operation or the automation of an entire factory.

There are many different reasons to automate. Increased productivity is normally the major reason for developing of many companies. Automation also offers low operational variability. Variability is directly related to quality and productivity. Other reasons to automate include the presence of a hazardous working environment and the high cost of human labour. Some businesses automate processes in order to reduce production time, increase manufacturing flexibility, reduce costs, eliminate human error, or make up for a labour shortage. Decisions associated with automation are usually concerned with some or all of these economic and social considerations. For small business owners, considering the pros and cons of automation can be a difficult task. But consultants contend that it is an issue that should not be put off.

Although automation can play a major role in increasing productivity and reducing costs in service industries—as in the example of a retail store that installs bar code scanners in its checkout lanes—automation is most prevalent in manufacturing industries. In recent years, the industry has witnessed the development of major automation alternatives. Some of these types of automation include:

  • Information technology (IT)

  • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

  • Numerically controlled (NC) equipment

  • Robots

  • Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)

  • Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)

Information technology (IT) includes a broad spectrum of computer technologies used to create, store and retrieve information. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) refers to the use of computers in the different functions of production planning and control. CAM includes the use of numerically controlled machines, robots, and other automated systems for the manufacture of products. Computer-aided manufacturing also includes computer-aided process planning (CAPP), group technology (GT), production scheduling, and manufacturing flow analysis. Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) means the use of computers to generate process plans for the manufacture of different products. Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that aims at grouping different products and creating different manufacturing cells for the manufacture of each group.

Numerically controlled (NC) machines are programmed versions of machine tools that execute operations in sequence on parts or products. Individual machines may have their own computers for that purpose; such tools are commonly referred to as computerized numerical controlled (CNC) machines. In other cases, many machines may share the same computer; these are called direct numerical controlled machines. Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are comprehensive systems that may include numerically controlled machine tools, robots, and automated material handling systems in the manufacture of similar products or components using different routings among the machines.

A computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system is one in which many manufacturing functions are linked through an integrated computer network. These manufacturing or manufacturing-related functions include production planning and control, quality control, computer-aided manufacturing, computer-aided design, purchasing, marketing, and other functions. The objective of a computer-integrated manufacturing system is to allow changes in product design, to reduce costs, and to optimize production requirements.

  1. Answer the following questions:

  1. What is automation?

  2. What kind of automated machinery do you know?

  3. What reasons exist to automate?

  4. Is automation most relevant in manufacturing or service industries?

  5. What types of automation do you know?

  6. What is informational technology (IT)?

  7. What is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?

  8. What is a computer-integrated manufacturing?

  1. Say, whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)

  1. Automated machinery range from simple devices to robots.

  2. Increasing productivity is not the main reason to automate.

  3. It is easy to consider the advantages of automation for small business owners.

  4. IT includes a broad range of computer technologies used to create and store information.

  5. CAM is used for manufacturing products and control.

  6. NC machines are not programmed.

  7. FMS is a comprehensive system that doesn’t include NC or robots.

  8. The objective of a computer-integrated manufacturing is to improve usage of robots and machine-tools.

  1. Give the definition to the following terms.

  1. IT 4. Automation

  2. CAM 5. CIM

  3. FMS 6. NC equipment