2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1) freedom of expression; 6) worry of the environment;

2) emission levels; 7) to convince people;

3) highway systems; 8) the increase or decrease in length;

3) have to be replaced; 8) owners or renters;

4) freight movement systems; 9) uniform exterior of the vehicle;

5) the number of accidents; 10) adoption of the new vehicle

system.

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1) стоимость транспортного средства; 6)создание

подземных туннелей;

2) развитые страны; 7)техническое решение;

3) дорожный поток; 8)полагаться на колеса автомобиля;

4)беспроводное управление; 9)применение электрического

заряда;

5)погодные условия; 10)предыдущие десятилетия.

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:

Govern, amuse, transport, ever, select, agree, personal, closе, side, entertain.

5. Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему; б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: инфинитив; инфинитивные обороты (объектный, субъектный); функции слов one, that; условные предложения (сослагательное наклонение I – II типов):

1. During the next 100 years most bridges and highways will have to be replaced, which will allow for the placement of a system in the road bed to control the traffic flow.

2. Freight movement are said to be limited to certain highways and times of day.

3. If all vehicles were equipped with electronic drive, electronic brakes, electronic steering, advanced radar systems, improved GPS systems, and total computer control, then there would not be any more accidents.

4. People want the vehicle to be equipped with a mobile office.

5. The most difficult part of introducing a vehicle system that can and will save lives will be the forced removal of vehicles other than the new ones.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What will necessitate changes in the vehicles of 2100?

2. What would we all have in a hundred years?

3. What kind of control of the vehicle can be used in urban areas?

4. What will the cars of 2100 A.D. be made of?

5. What will allow the three vehicles to be manufactured economically in large numbers?

6. What factor will lead to the uniform exterior of the vehicle?

7. What sources of fuel can you name?

8. Составьте аннотацию на текст (2 - 3 предложения).

9. Составьте реферат на текст (10 - 15 предложений).

10. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

ВАРИАНТ 6

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Trial, Error and Success Among the Pioneers

The successful flying machine has had a more dramatic effect on the lives of the world's citizens than almost any other invention of the 20th century. It had a long-drawn-out and difficult birth; but once the aircraft had become a practical means of public transport, its social impact was quickly felt. It achieved its present prominence in no more than about 60 years.

However, it would be hard to estimate the ratio of motor vehicles to aircraft (including all private, commercial and military types) that have been manufactured worldwide. But, by accounts, it will be many times in favour of the automotive industry.

Everybody agrees that aviation is more emotive, it could be that since in general many fewer examples of each aircraft type were built than cars, they tend to be individually recognized rather than being just one of a mass production.

Aviation is recognized worldwide as an integral part of the twentieth-century history. Man watched - and envied - the freedom of the birds from the earliest days. His first attempts at a flying machine were imitation-bird machines - ornithopters - with flapping attachments to the limbs to simulate bird wings. These did not work, because man does not have the muscle and bone structure which enable a bird to fly.

The kite, which was flown in China 400 years before Christ and reached Europe in the 16th century, was man's first successful heavier-than-air device. It flew because it utilised the lift provided by air pressure under horizontal surfaces - one of the essential principles of heavier-than-air flight. Transformed into the glider, the kite was the true grandfather of modern flight. An English scholar, Sir George Cayley, converted a kite into what has been called the first true aeroplane in history. In 1849 Cayley made a full-scale glider in which a boy was towed off the ground for a distance of a few yards; four years later a manned glider made the first successful free flight.

Cayley recognized the need not only for lift, but also for the other two principles of aeroplane flight - thrust (the driving force that overcomes air resistance) and control. Cayley built a small internal combustion engine designed to be driven by exploding gunpowder; but the solution to the problem of finding an engine light yet powerful enough for aircraft eluded him. He appreciated, too, the value of streamlining to reduce air resistance. As for control, all Cayley's gliders were furnished with a tail incorporating a combined rudder and elevator. Finally, Cayley knew that a light undercarriage was desirable, and accordingly designed a wire-spoked wheel of the sort later familiar on the bicycle.

One of Cayley's English disciples, William Henson, a lacemaker of Chard in Somerset, gave aeronautics a substantial boost in 1842 through the publicity given to his design for an 'Aerial Steam Carriage', based on Cayley's principles. The Illustrated London News and L 'Illustration of Paris featured it, and romantic sketches and souvenirs inspired by the patent drawings appeared all over the world. Both Cayley and Henson envisaged powered aeroplanes, but no steam-engine of their day was sufficiently light and powerful enough for the job. Henson's machine was never built, and he emigrated to America; but he stimulated a wealth of ideas and experiments on the Continent and in America, as well as in England.