Grammar review

1. Present, Past, Future Continuous Active and Passive. 2. Infinitive of Purpose after the adverb enough. 3. Alternative Questions.

Ex. 12. Define the tense form of the predicates. Translate the sentences. Put general questions to the sentences and give short answers.

1. Nowadays, over four million people all over the world are using the Internet.

2. When I came into the room, my friends were compiling a program.

3. The engineer is installing the equipment required for the experiment.

4. The program will be testing the computer for the presence of viruses in a minute.

5. She was writing simple computer programs when she was only 8 years old.

6. The progress toward computers' miniaturization is continuing; designers are working on nanocomputers and picocomputers now.

7. In 1991, IBM was making PCs with 16Mb of memory, expandable to 64 Mb.

8. I am just waiting for the computer to shut down.

Ex. 13. Put special questions. Begin with the question-words given in brackets.

1. The computer is testing its basic units now. [What?]

2. We were solving the algebraic problem all the evening yesterday. [How long?]

3. Now, more and more companies are using the Internet to conduct their business. [Why?]

4. Our teacher will be speaking on the history of computers at the tomorrow's lecture [What?]

5. Many TV companies are converting to digital broadcasting now. [What broadcasting?]

6. The computer was performing arithmetic operations when you switched it off. [What operations?]

7. Software developers are expecting a boom in games played over the Internet. [What?]

8. It was already 9 p.m. but the experts were working still to restore the files. [Why?]

Ex. 14. INDEFINITE or CONTINUOUS? Use the verbs in the required tense form.

1. Our programmer [to write] a new computer program now. Do not disturb him!

2. I always [to use] a calculator to work out percentages.

3. The temperature remained constant while pressure [to change] in the experiment.

4. I [to delete] that whole file by mistake.

5. At the next seminar, we [to discuss] the difference between analog and digital computers.

6. Wait a little! The computer program [to search] the database. Bingo! We have a match.

7. A mouse [to have] a wire that [to connect] it with a computer.

8. My computer crashed when I [to write] my essay. I [to lose] all my work!

9. Just a moment! I [to print] a copy of the document for you.

10. Computer hacker [to be] someone who secretly [to use] or [to change] the information in other people's computer systems.

11. He [discuss] the bugs in software with his teacher when we came.

1. The program [not / to load]. What I [to do] wrong?

Ex. 15. Read and translate the following sentences, paying attention to the Passive constructions.

1. Remember to update your anti-virus software as often as possible, since new viruses are being created all the time.

2. The museum was closed while necessary repair was being carried out.

3. The movie is now being shown at all major movie theaters of the city.

4. Rare and antique books were being photographed page by page and put onto CD-ROMs.

5. You can look at one site while another is being downloaded.

6. The first digital computer (the Harvard Mark I) was being developed by Aiken, in cooperation with IBM from 1939 to 1944.

7. According to the contract, the dealer must provide you with another computer while your machine is being repaired.

8. The names and addresses of all our customers are now being input into a database.

Ex. 16. Make up sentences using the Passive Voice.

Model: to check / by / subtraction / addition [Present Indefinite] ↔ Addition is checked by subtraction.

1. to arrange / all / alphabetical order / the files / the folder / in / in. [Present Indefinite]

2. to invent / radio / Popov / by. [Past Indefinite]

3. to test / input / these / now / devices. [Present Continuous]

4. to discuss / robots / at / the problems / the seminar / hyperintelligent / of. [Past Continuous]

5. to invest / equipment / the company / $USA 2 million / new / in / by. [Future Indefinite]

6. to use / models / all over the world / these / widely / at present. [Present Continuous]

7. to apply / transistors / the / in / first / 1959. [Past Indefinite]

8. to store / all / on / system programs / the hard drive. [Present Indefinite]

9. to hold / from / a conference / yesterday / 12 / 9 / till. [Past Continuous]

10. to make / in future / now / smaller / the circuits / than / much. [Future Indefinite]

Ex. 17. Use the verbs in the required form. Read and translate the sentences.

1. Voice mail [to enable – Present Indefinite Active] telephone callers to leave messages when the person, whom they [to call – Present Continuous Active], [not / to answer – Present Indefinite Active] the telephone.

2. The disk [to infect – Past Indefinite Passive] with a virus called "Stoned III".

3. The first computers [to use – Past Continuous Passive] by nonscientists only as adding machines.

4. Computer pirates [to cost – Present Indefinite Active] the computer game industry twenty million pounds a year.

5. The information [to process – Present Continuous Passive] by the computer now.

6. This computer program [to assess – Future Indefinite Active] how much [to spend – Present Indefinite Passive] on each student within the University.

7. Four years ago, he [to found – Past Indefinite Active] a computer software firm, which [to develop – Past Continuous Active] software for the Internet.

8. Could you be more specific about what you [to look – Present Continuous Active] for?

9. These games [to download – Past Indefinite Passive] free from the Internet.

10. The main reason our programmer quit (увольняться) is that she [not / to pay – Past Continuous Passive] enough.

11. If the user [not / to move – Present Continuous Active] the mouse, the cursor [to remain – Present Indefinite Active] in the same point.

12. Smart cards [to become – Present Continuous Active] common as security devices for accessing computer networks and corporate buildings.

Ex. 18. There are 2 grammar mistakes in each sentence. Try to find them and correct.

1. These command delete files from the directory.

2. The computer industry is develop on a great speed nowadays.

3. A maximum storage capacity of the PC hard disk are 1.4 megabyte.

4. The data are processed now and soon we will has the results.

5. The computer can to arrange the word into alphabetical order.

6. During the late 1950s, computers were being putted into serial production at our country.

7. Nick is being typing its essay now.

8. The computer does arithmetic problems million times more fast than any person do.

9. Which the database program are you use?

10. You can exchange messages with other people in Internet, especially in a chat room.

Ex. 19. INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE. Pay attention to the translation of the Infinitive after the word enough (достаточно). Read and translate the sentences.

Model: I have enough time to write the essay. – У меня достаточно времени, чтобы написать реферат.

1. Do you have enough disk space to install this encyclopedia?

2. We saved enough money to buy "the coolest" computer outright.

3. I did not have enough time to answer all the questions.

4. He is intelligent enough to do this job himself but he lacks motivation.

5. This article is not interesting enough to be published in the newspaper.

6. I was foolish enough to believe what Jeff told me.

7. I was not brave enough to tell her what I thought of her.

8. There will be time enough to relax when you finish your work.

9. The road was wide enough for two cars to pass.

10. There was not enough space to print all the letters we received.

Ex. 20. Answer the alternative questions.

1. Does the Internet connect hundreds or millions of computers all over the world?

2. Do we use the term "memory" for the internal or external storage of a computer?

3. Is Ctrl an abbreviation for the Control Key or Shift Key on the keyboard?

4. Were the first transistors developed in the USA or in India in 1948?

5. Did Microsoft Corp. release the new version of its Windows operating system (named Vista) in 1995 or in 2006?

6. Do people send email messages with the help of the post office or the Internet?

7. Will all the exam results in English be displayed on the notice board or on the Internet?

8. Are the component parts of the computer called hardware or software?

9. Does a mouse have two or four buttons for the control of text and graphics functions?

10. Can you speak Japanese or Spanish?

11. Was the first computer designed for solving mathematical or linguistic problems?

12. Must you know programming or music to do your research work?

Ex. 21. Put alternative questions to the following sentences:

1. Magnetic disks store more than 100,000,000 bytes of data.

2. The virus wiped everything off my hard disk.

3. It is possible to store a lot more data on a DVD than on a CD.

4. The fastest supercomputers can carry out trillions of calculations per second.

5. The whole incident was recorded on an amateur video tape.

6. The process of writing program instructions is called coding.

7. You should use an italic font to highlight these words.

8. The software package contains five CD-ROMs.

9. This computer program is designed for the first-time users.

10. The first computers were very expensive and difficult to use.

11. Users often complain that the Internet is slow and unreliable.

12. The screen will display the user name in the top right-hand corner.

13. Online newspapers produce the most up-to-date news.

14. This data was collected from 69 countries.

15. He exited the database and switched off the computer.

Ex. 22. Memorize the following terms.

abacus – счеты, абак adding machine – арифмометр, счетная машина slide rule – логарифмическая линейка circuit – схема, цепь circuitry – схемы, цепи integrated circuit (IC) – интегральная схема silicon wafer – кремниевая пластина memory chip – микросхема памяти, микросхема ОЗУ raw information – необработанная (исходная) информация set of instructions (=instruction set) – набор команд

Ex. 23. Read and translate TEXT A.