Grammar review

1. Present, Past, Future Indefinite Active and Passive. 2. Modal Verbs can, must, may, should with the Passive Infinitive. 3. General and Special Questions. 4. Possessive Case. 5. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs.

Ex. 16. Give 4 forms of the following regular verbs. Mind the reading of –ed ending.

to stop, to use, to select, to pass, to manufacture, to start, to store, to complete, to control, to produce, to invent, to design, to construct, to perform, to highlight, to solve, to communicate, to finish, to record, to save, to enter, to carry, to execute, to move, to limit, to delete, to operate, to transmit, to fix, to install, to format, to gain, to deny.

Ex. 17. Revise 4 forms of the following irregular verbs.

to mean, to feed, to choose, to send, to burn, to make, to begin, to understand, to become, to build, to draw, to see, to meet, to come, to go, to learn, to do, to know, to take, to find, to get, to hold, to read, to put, to keep, to lose, to bring, to buy, to run, to sell, to pay, to grow, to seek, to think, to write, to break, to forget.

Ex. 18. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the tense form of the verbs. Put general questions to the sentences and give short answers.

1. Computers process large volumes of data at a high speed.

2. Scientists at AT&T developed an operating system called UNIX in 1969.

3. I will need some help installing the software.

4. The PC uses BIOS to start up the operating system.

5. Many people work at home and communicate with fellow workers via their PCs.

6. I will send you a copy of the report by e-mail.

7. The price of the computer includes £500 worth of free software.

8. The electronic game Tetris first gained popularity in the late 1980s.

9. This program helps to restore the deleted files.

10. The system crashed, but fortunately, we had backup copies of all our files.

Ex. 19. Put special questions. Begin with the question-words given in brackets.

1. The computer interrupts its work if there is a program error.[In what case?]

2. B. Pascal invented the first mechanical adding machine at the age of 19. [When?]

3. The Pentium microprocessors contain more than three million transistors. [How many?]

4. We will study such programming languages as JAVA and C next year. [When?]

5. The TV programme runs on 2 channels twice a week. [How often?]

6. Both system and application software usually include an installer. [What program?]

7. The company develops interactive educational software for schoolchildren. [Whom?]

8. The first computer weighed 30 tons and occupied 1,500 square feet of floor space. [How many?]

9. The CD-ROM will accommodate the works of all English poets from 600 to 1900. [What?]

10. Keyboard enables inputting both numerical and text data. [What data?]

Ex. 20. Use the verbs in the required tense form in the Active Voice.

1. Every year, computer engineers [to make – Present Indefinite] chips that can hold more bytes.

2. A warning message [to flash up – Past Indefinite] on my computer screen.

3. PROSPECTOR [to be – Present Indefinite] a computer expert system that [to help – Present Indefinite] geologists in their search for new mineral deposits.

4. The discovery of semiconductor materials [to play – Past Indefinite] a very important role in the development of electronics.

5. CD-ROM usually [to contain – Present Indefinite] up to 680 megabytes of computer programs and data.

6. Installation of the security system [to take – Future Indefinite] several days.

7. The new computer virus quickly [to spread – Past Indefinite] worldwide.

8. This shop [to sell – Present Indefinite] printers and scanners, and all-in-ones that [to combine – Present Indefinite] two devices.

9. I [to find – Past Indefinite] this information on the Internet.

10. The password [to give – Future Indefinite] you access to all files on the hard disk.

Ex. 21. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the tense/voice form of the verbs. Put general questions to the sentences and give short answers.

1. Great amounts of information are processed by means of modern electronic computers.

2. The photo will be printed in all the national newspapers.

3. The first computers were operated by specialized technicians, who were dressed in white lab coats.

4. This software is designed to scan all new files for viruses.

5. Eight zeros and ones together are called a byte.

6. Small databases were first developed or funded by the U.S. government for professional use.

7. The manuscript will be compressed on a single floppy disk.

8. The radio was tuned in to the BBC World Service.

Ex. 22. Put special questions to the underlined words. Begin with the question-words in brackets.

1. In 1981, only 213 computers were connected to the Internet.[When?]

2. The new software will be installed on 850 desktop computers. [How many?]

3. Arithmetic operations are performed in the arithmetic-logic unit. [What unit?]

4. The Microsoft Corporation was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975. [Whom?]

5. A fax machine is used for sending and receiving copies of original documents via a phone line. [What?]

6. Access to this information is denied to journalists. [Whom?]

7. The movie will be released on video in June. [When?]

8. The compact discs were co-invented by Philips Electronics N.V. and Sony Corporation for audio recordings in 1980. [What…for?]

Ex. 23. Use the verbs in the required tense/voice form. Translate the sentences.

1. The ‘bar code’ [to print – Present Indefinite Passive] on products for sale and [to contain– Present Indefinite Active] information that a computer can read.

2. The results of the public opinion poll on this question [to display – Future Indefinite Passive] on the Internet.

3. The computer [to program – Present Indefinite Passive] to warn users before information [to delete – Present Indefinite Passive].

4. In 2001, Microsoft [to release – Past Indefinite Active] a new operating system known as Windows XP, the company’s first operating system that [not/to base – Past Indefinite Passive] on MS-DOS.

5. The automatic engine driver [to be – Present Indefinite Active] a small computer with transducers. All the necessary data of train operation – distance, time of covering each section of the route, speed limits, etc. [to program and to feed – Present Indefinite Passive] into the computer’s memory.

6. The world’s first programmable computer [to design – Past Indefinite Passive] by the English mathematician and inventor, Charles Babbage in the 19^th century. The programs for this machine [to write – Past Indefinite Passive] by mathematician Ada Byron. For this reason, she [to consider – Present Indefinite Passive] the world’s first programmer.

7. Hundreds of thousands of people [to need – Future Indefinite Passive] to manufacture, operate, program and manage new computer equipment.

8. The first digital computer called ENIAC [to build – Past Indefinite Passive] in the 1940s. It [to have – Past Indefinite Active] more than 18,000 glass tubes inside and [to weigh – Past Indefinite Active] more than five elephants.

Ex. 24. Say the same:

a) using the Passive Voice.

1. Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded the Microsoft Corporation.

2. The software will install an icon on your desktop.

3. Each year the software industry loses many millions of dollars because of piracy.

4. In the Arabic number system, we use only ten digits to represent any number.

5. The first-generation computers consumed large quantity of electrical power.

6. This figure [рисунок, чертёж] shows the main sections of the CPU.

7. Database systems process and store information.

8. We will discuss the principles and methods of programming at this seminar.

9. They gave me free access to all the files.

10. Electronic digital computers carry out both arithmetic and logical operations.

b) using the Active Voice.

1. The transistor was invented by American scientists in 1948.

2. The Pentium microprocessor is manufactured by the Intel Corporation.

3. Intel microprocessors are used in more than 80 percent of the world’s personal computers.

4. You will be shown how to load the software. [Our programmer]

5. The first PCs were made by IBM in 1981.

6. The Internet is often used by people to work at home.

7. The old record player was bought from the second-hand shop for five dollars. [Jack]

8. Ten billion operations per second will be performed by this supercomputer.

9. The traffic lights are controlled by a central computer.

10. Our computer network was crashed by the unknown virus.

Ex. 25. Read the text, using the verbs in the required form: (A) Present Indefinite Active or Passive; (B) Past Indefinite Active or Passive.