- •М.В. Жесткова, с.Я. Никитина
- •Самара 2007
- •Contents
- •Grammar review
- •To have
- •In the computer room
- •Grammar review
- •The internet
- •Computers in our life
- •Common computer applications
- •Computer applications on railways
- •Grammar review
- •What is a computer?
- •Types of computers
- •Микрокомпьютер
- •Мейнфрейм
- •Analog and digital computers
- •Grammar review
- •Hardware
- •(1) The Central Processing Unit
- •(2) Storage Devices
- •Internal Memory
- •(3) Input Devices
- •(4) Output Devices
- •The definition of mechanical brain
- •Grammar review
- •Software
- •(A) програмmное обеспечение компьютера
- •(B) популярные операционные системы windows
- •Macintosh
- •(1) Introduction
- •(2) Early Efforts
- •(3) Video Games
- •(4) Nintendo And Competitors
- •(5) Computer Games
- •(6) Advantages of Computer Games
- •(7) Popular Computer Games
- •Grammar review
- •Part I (Prehistory)
- •Part II (The Computer of the 19th Century)
- •As far as I know; In fact; It is hard to say; To my mind; In my opinion I believe; I suppose.
- •(1) Charles babbage
- •(2) Augusta ada king, countess of lovelace
- •Grammar review
- •Babbage's dream come true Part I (The Harvard Mark I)
- •Part II (colossus, eniac, edvac)
- •Computerland
- •Grammar review
- •Deep blue
- •The pc revolution Part I
- •Part III
- •People who changed the computer world Part I
- •Part II
- •Part III
- •Part IV
- •Наступление персональных компьютеров
- •Enjoy yourself
- •(2) Mother should have warned you!
- •(3) Bill gates in heaven
- •(4) 10 Programmers
- •(5) What if dr. Suess wrote a manual?
- •How modern are you?
- •Add up your score and read the analysis.
- •Add up your score and read the analysis.
- •Краткий грамматический справочник
- •§ 1. Личные и притяжательные местоимения Personal and Possessive Pronouns
- •§ 2. Глагол to be
- •§ 3. Глагол to have
- •§ 5. Притяжательный падеж имени существительного (Possessive Case)
- •§ 6. Существительное в функции определения (Noun as Attributive)
- •§ 7. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Comparison Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs)
- •§ 8. Основные формы глагола
- •§ 9. Времена групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах
- •Tenses in Active Voice
- •Tenses in Passive Voice
- •§ 10. Согласование времён (Sequence of Tenses)
- •§ 11. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •§ 12. Эквиваленты модальных глаголов (Equivalents of Modal Verbs)
- •§ 13. Причастие (The Participle)
- •Participle I
- •Participle II
- •§ 14. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •§ 15. Функции слов с окончанием -ing в предложении
- •§ 16. Функции слов с окончанием -ed в предложении
- •§ 17. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •§ 18. Функции глагола to be
- •§ 19. Функции глагола to have
- •§ 20. Порядок слов в утвердительных предложениях
- •§ 21. Порядок слов в вопросительных предложениях
- •§ 22. Порядок слов в отрицательных предложениях
- •§ 23. Условные придаточные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •§ 24. Наиболее распространенные служебные слова
- •Библиографический список
Grammar review
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1. Participle I Perfect. 2. Modal Verbs and their Equivalents. 3. Attributive Groups. |
Ex. 7. PARTICIPLE I PERFECT. Translate the phrases and use some of them in the sentences of your own.
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(B)
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Ex. 8. Read and translate the sentences containing Participle I Perfect.
Having loaded the software, you should restart your PC.
Having switched on the tape-recorder, I immediately noticed that it was not working properly.
Having obtained the instructions, the control unit causes other units to perform the operation.
Having replaced expensive, energy-consuming, and unreliable vacuum tubes, the transistor had a great influence on computer design.
Having remembered suddenly that she hadn't switched off the computer, she rushed back home.
Having broken into the bank's computer system, the hacker deleted all the information.
Having arranged the elements in a table, D.Mendeleyev predicted the existence of yet unknown elements.
Having received new information, the scientists continued their research.
Ex. 9. Match the beginnings (1-7) and ends (a-g) of the sentences. Define the type and function of participles in each group.
(A)
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(B)
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(C)
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(D)
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(E)
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Ex. 10. TEST. Choose the required variant to complete each sentence.
When you visit a web site, some words on the page may be underlined, ___ that there is more information about the subject in another document.
A. showing B. having showed C. showed
If ___ with magnetic tapes, magnetic discs can perform both sequential and random processing.
A. comparing B. having compared C. compared
You can play computer games through WWW, ___ with partners from other countries and continents.
A. competing B. competed C. having competed
___ the research, the scientists made the analysis of the data obtained.
A. Completing B. Having completed C. Completed
The typewriter ___ a few days ago has gone wrong.
A. buying B. having bought C. bought
As an electronic memory doesn't have any ___ mechanical parts, it can transfer data at a very high speed.
A. moving B. having moved C. moved
When properly ___, computers don't make computational errors.
A. programming B. having programmed C. programmed
You will lose some of the formatting when ___ the document in another program.
A. viewing B. having viewed C. viewed
Modern computer monitors can display a wide variety of information, ___ text, photographs, computer graphics, video, and animation.
A. including B. having included C. included
Most PCs have audio speakers ___ the user to hear sounds, such as music or spoken words that the computer generates.
A. allowing B. having allowed C. allowed
___ all the money, he started looking for work.
A. spending B. having spent C. spent
___ the Mark I computer, the scientists ___ at the Harvard University under the direction of Prof. Aiken used it for ballistic calculations.
A. Developing B. Having developed C. Developed
A. working B. having worked D. worked
Ex. 11. Define the functions of the italicized participles and infinitives. Read and translate the text.