- •VOLUME 1 CONTENTS
- •NOTATION
- •ENGLISH/METRIC AND METRIC/ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS
- •EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- •ES.1 Background
- •ES.2 BLM Proposed Action
- •ES.2.1 BLM Purpose and Need
- •ES.2.2 BLM Scope of Analysis
- •ES.2.3 Applications for Solar Energy Development on BLM Lands
- •ES.2.4 BLM Alternatives
- •ES.2.4.1 Program Elements Common to Both BLM Action Alternatives
- •ES.2.4.3 Solar Energy Zone Program Alternative
- •ES.2.4.4 No Action Alternative
- •ES.2.4.5 Reasonably Foreseeable Solar Energy Development
- •ES.2.4.6 Summary of Impacts of BLM’s Alternatives
- •ES.2.4.7 BLM’s Preferred Alternative
- •ES.3 DOE Proposed Action
- •ES.3.1 DOE Purpose and Need
- •ES.3.2 DOE Scope of Analysis
- •ES.3.3 DOE Alternatives
- •ES.3.3.2 No Action Alternative
- •ES.3.4 Summary of Impacts of DOE’s Alternatives
- •ES.4 Public Involvement, Consultation, and Coordination
- •ES.5 References
- •1 INTRODUCTION
- •1.1 Applicable Federal Orders and Mandates
- •1.1.1 Executive Order 13212
- •1.1.2 Energy Policy Act of 2005
- •1.1.3 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
- •1.1.4 DOI Secretarial Order 3285A1
- •1.1.5 Executive Order 13514
- •1.1.6 DOI Secretarial Order 3297
- •1.3 BLM Requirements and Objectives for the PEIS
- •1.3.1 BLM’s Purpose and Need
- •1.3.2 BLM Decisions To Be Made
- •1.3.3 Authorization Process for Solar Energy Development on BLM Lands
- •1.3.3.1 New Applications
- •1.3.3.2 Pending Applications
- •1.3.3.3 Approved Applications
- •1.3.4 BLM Land Use Planning Process
- •1.3.5 BLM Scope of the Analysis
- •1.3.5.1 Program Analysis Versus SEZ-Specific Analysis
- •1.3.6 BLM Planning Criteria
- •1.4 DOE Requirements and Objectives for the PEIS
- •1.4.1 DOE’s Purpose and Need
- •1.4.2 DOE Decisions To Be Made
- •1.4.3 DOE Scope of the Analysis
- •1.5 Cooperating Agencies
- •1.6.1 Renewable Portfolio Standards and Other Regional and State Initiatives
- •1.6.2 Related Initiatives
- •1.6.2.1 Energy Corridor Designation
- •1.6.2.3 California Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan
- •1.6.2.4 Arizona Restoration Design Energy Project
- •1.6.2.5 Wind Energy Development PEIS
- •1.6.2.6 Geothermal PEIS
- •1.8 References
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 BLM Alternatives
- •2.2.1 Program Elements Common to Both BLM Action Alternatives
- •2.2.1.1 Right-of-Way Authorization Policies
- •2.2.1.2 Monitoring, Adaptive Management, and Mitigation
- •2.2.1.3 Design Features
- •2.2.1.4 Segregation of Lands with Potential for Solar Development
- •2.2.2.1 Proposed Right-of-Way Exclusion Areas
- •2.2.2.2 Proposed Solar Energy Zones
- •2.2.2.3 Proposed Variance Areas for Utility-Scale Solar Energy Development
- •2.2.2.4 Land Use Plans To Be Amended
- •2.2.3 SEZ Program Alternative
- •2.2.3.1 Proposed Right-of-Way Exclusion Areas
- •2.2.3.2 Proposed Solar Energy Zones
- •2.2.3.3 Solar Energy Zone Policies
- •2.2.3.4 Land Use Plans To Be Amended
- •2.3 DOE Alternatives
- •2.3.1 No Action Alternative
- •2.3.2 Action Alternative—DOE’s Proposed Programmatic Environmental Guidance
- •2.3.2.1 General Mitigation Measures
- •2.3.2.2 Institutional and Public Outreach
- •2.3.2.3 Land Use
- •2.3.2.4 Water Resources and Erosion Control
- •2.3.2.5 Biological Resources
- •2.3.2.6 Air Quality
- •2.3.2.7 Cultural Resources and Native American Interactions
- •2.3.2.8 Visual Resources and Aesthetics
- •2.3.2.9 Socioeconomics
- •2.3.2.10 Environmental Justice
- •2.3.2.11 Safety and Health
- •2.4 Description of Reasonably Foreseeable Development Scenario
- •2.4.1 Comparison of RFDS with Lands Available under the Action Alternatives
- •2.5 Other Alternatives and Issues Considered
- •2.5.1 Distributed Generation
- •2.5.2 Conservation and Demand-Side Management
- •2.5.3 Analysis of Life-Cycle Impacts of Solar Energy Development
- •2.5.4 Analysis of Development on Other Federal, State, or Private Lands
- •2.5.5 Restricting Development to Previously Disturbed Lands
- •2.5.6 Restricting Development to Populated Areas
- •2.5.7 Restricting Development to the Fast-Track Project Applications
- •2.5.8 Analysis of Development on the Maximum Amount of Public Lands Allowable
- •2.5.9 Changes to BLM’s Proposed Solar Energy Zones
- •2.5.10 Other Suggested Alternatives
- •2.5.11 DOE Environmental Requirements
- •2.6 References
- •3.1 Technologies
- •3.2 Development Process Overview for All Technologies
- •3.2.1 Site Characterization
- •3.2.2 Site Preparation and Construction
- •3.2.3 Operations
- •3.2.4 Decommissioning and Reclamation
- •3.2.5 Transmission Facilities
- •3.4 Transportation Considerations
- •3.6 Health and Safety Aspects of Solar Energy Projects
- •3.7 Existing Agency Processes and Guidance
- •3.8 References
- •4 UPDATE TO AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Lands and Realty
- •4.4 Rangeland Resources
- •4.4.1 Livestock Grazing
- •4.4.2 Wild Horses and Burros
- •4.4.3 Wildland Fire
- •4.5 Recreation
- •4.6 Military and Civilian Aviation
- •4.7 Geologic Setting and Soil Resources
- •4.7.1 Geologic Setting
- •4.7.2 Geologic Hazards
- •4.7.3 Soil Resources
- •4.8 Minerals
- •4.9 Water Resources
- •4.9.1 Surface Water Resources
- •4.9.2 Groundwater Resources
- •4.9.3 Water Rights, Supply, and Use
- •4.10 Ecological Resources
- •4.10.1 Vegetation
- •4.10.2 Wildlife
- •4.10.3 Aquatic Biota
- •4.10.3.1 Pacific Northwest Hydrologic Region
- •4.10.3.2 Lower Colorado, Rio Grande, and Great Basin Hydrologic Regions
- •4.10.3.3 California Hydrologic Region
- •4.10.3.4 Upper Colorado River Hydrologic Region
- •4.10.3.5 Missouri River Basin Hydrologic Region
- •4.10.4 Special Status Species
- •4.11 Air Quality and Climate
- •4.11.3 Update to Section 4.11.2.4 of the Draft Solar PEIS: Visibility Protection
- •4.11.4 Update to Section 4.11.2.5 of the Draft Solar PEIS: General Conformity
- •4.11.5 Addition of New Section 4.11.4: Toxic Dust and Snowmelt
- •4.12 Visual Resources
- •4.13 Acoustic Environment
- •4.14 Paleontological Resources
- •4.15 Cultural Resources
- •4.16 Native American Concerns
- •4.17 Socioeconomics
- •4.18 Environmental Justice
- •4.19 References
- •4.20 Errata to Chapter 4 of the Draft Solar PEIS
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Lands and Realty
- •5.4 Rangeland Resources
- •5.4.1 Livestock Grazing
- •5.4.2 Wild Horses and Burros
- •5.4.3 Wildland Fire
- •5.5 Recreation
- •5.6 Military and Civilian Aviation
- •5.7 Geologic Setting and Soil Resources
- •5.8 Minerals
- •5.9 Water Resources
- •5.10 Ecological Resources
- •5.10.1 Vegetation
- •5.10.2 Wildlife
- •5.10.3 Aquatic Biota and Habitats
- •5.10.3.1 Common Impacts
- •5.10.3.2 Technology-Specific Impacts
- •5.10.4 Special Status Species
- •5.11 Air Quality and Climate
- •5.11.1 Common Impacts
- •5.11.1.1 Construction: Update to Section 5.11.1.2 of the Draft Solar PEIS
- •5.11.1.2 Operations: Update to Section 5.11.1.3 of the Draft Solar PEIS
- •5.12 Visual Resources
- •5.13 Acoustic Environment
- •5.13.1 Common Impacts
- •5.13.1.1 Construction: Update to Section 5.13.1.2 of the Draft Solar PEIS
- •5.13.1.2 Operations: Update to Section 5.13.1.3 of the Draft Solar PEIS
- •5.14 Paleontological Resources
- •5.15 Cultural Resources
- •5.15.1 Common Impacts
- •5.16 Native American Concerns
- •5.17 Socioeconomics
- •5.18 Environmental Justice
- •5.19 Transportation
- •5.20 Hazardous Materials and Waste
- •5.21 Health and Safety
- •5.22 References
- •5.23 Errata to Chapter 5 of the Draft Solar PEIS
- •6 ANALYSIS OF BLM’S SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES
- •6.1.2 Minimize Environmental Impacts
- •6.1.3 Minimize Social and Economic Impacts
- •6.1.4 Provide Flexibility to Solar Industry
- •6.1.5 Optimize Existing Transmission Infrastructure and Corridors
- •6.1.6 Standardize and Streamline the Authorization Process
- •6.1.7 Meet Projected Demand for Solar Energy Development
- •6.2 Impacts of the SEZ Program Alternative
- •6.2.2 Minimize Environmental Impacts
- •6.2.3 Minimize Social and Economic Impacts
- •6.2.4 Provide Flexibility to Solar Industry
- •6.2.5 Optimize Existing Transmission Infrastructure and Corridors
- •6.2.6 Standardize and Streamline the Authorization Process
- •6.2.7 Meet Projected Demand for Solar Energy Development
- •6.3 Impacts of the No Action Alternative
- •6.3.2 Minimize Environmental Impacts
- •6.3.3 Minimize Social and Economic Impacts
- •6.3.4 Provide Flexibility to Solar Industry
- •6.3.5 Optimize Existing Transmission Infrastructure and Corridors
- •6.3.6 Standardize and Streamline the Authorization Process
- •6.3.7 Meet Projected Demand for Solar Energy Development
- •6.5 Cumulative Impacts
- •6.5.1 Overview of Activities in the Six-State Study Area
- •6.5.1.1 Energy Production and Distribution
- •6.5.1.2 Other Activities and Trends
- •6.5.2 Cumulative Impact Assessment for Solar Energy Development
- •6.5.2.1 Lands and Realty
- •6.5.2.2 Specially Designated Areas and Lands with Wilderness Characteristics
- •6.5.2.3 Rangeland Resources
- •6.5.2.4 Recreation
- •6.5.2.5 Military and Civilian Aviation
- •6.5.2.6 Geologic Setting and Soil Resources
- •6.5.2.7 Mineral Resources
- •6.5.2.8 Water Resources
- •6.5.2.9 Ecological Resources
- •6.5.2.10 Air Quality and Climate
- •6.5.2.11 Visual Resources
- •6.5.2.12 Acoustic Environment
- •6.5.2.13 Paleontological Resources
- •6.5.2.14 Cultural Resources
- •6.5.2.15 Native American Concerns
- •6.5.2.16 Socioeconomics
- •6.5.2.17 Environmental Justice
- •6.5.2.18 Transportation
- •6.6 Other NEPA Considerations
- •6.6.1 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
- •6.6.2 Short-Term Use of the Environment and Long-Term Productivity
- •6.6.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources
- •6.6.4 Mitigation of Adverse Effects
- •6.7 References
- •7 ANALYSIS OF DOE’S ALTERNATIVES
- •7.1 Impacts of DOE’s Proposed Action
- •7.2 Impacts of the No Action Alternative
- •7.3 Cumulative Impacts
- •7.4 Other NEPA Considerations
- •7.4.1 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts
- •7.4.2 Short-Term Use of the Environment and Long-Term Productivity
- •7.4.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources
- •7.4.4 Mitigation of Adverse Effects
- •14.1 Public Scoping and Public Outreach
- •14.2 Government-to-Government Consultation
- •14.3 Coordination of BLM State and Field Offices
- •14.4 Agency Cooperation, Consultation, and Coordination
- •14.5 References
- •15 LIST OF PREPARERS
- •16 GLOSSARY
- •FIGURE ES.2-1 Areas Proposed for Exclusion Since Publication of the Supplement to the Draft Solar PEIS Based on Continued Consultation with Cooperating Agencies and Tribes
- •FIGURE ES.2-4 BLM-Administered Lands in Colorado Available for Application for Solar Energy ROW Authorizations under the BLM Alternatives Considered in This PEIS
- •FIGURE 1.2-2 Solar Direct Normal Insolation Levels in the Southwestern United States
- •FIGURE 2.2-3 BLM-Administered Lands in Colorado Available for Application for Solar Energy ROW Authorizations under the BLM Alternatives Considered in This PEIS
- •FIGURE 2.2-7 Areas Proposed for Exclusion Since Publication of the Supplement to the Draft Solar PEIS Based on Continued Consultation with Cooperating Agencies and Tribes
- •TABLE ES.2-3 Proposed SEZs and Approximate Acreage by State
- •TABLE ES.2-5 Summary-Level Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts of Utility-Scale Solar Energy Development by Alternative
- •TABLE ES.2-6 Comparison of BLM’s Alternatives with Respect to Objectives for the Agency’s Action
- •TABLE 2.2-3 Proposed SEZs and Approximate Acreage by State
- •TABLE 4.15-3 ACECs Designated for Protection of Cultural Resource Values That Are near BLM-Administered Lands Available for Application through the Variance Process
- •TABLE 6.1-2 Summary-Level Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts of Utility-Scale Solar Energy Development by Alternative
- •TABLE 6.4-1 Comparison of BLM’s Alternatives with Respect to Objectives for the Agencies’ Action
- •TABLE 6.5-10 Recreational Visits for the BLM and NPS in FY 2000 and FY 2010 and for USFS in FY 2000 and FY 2010
1Impacts on visual resources in specific locations could constitute an irreversible and
2 irretrievable commitment. Implementation of the programmatic design features would minimize 3 the potential for these impacts to the extent possible; additional mitigation efforts would be
4 undertaken at the project level with stakeholder input.
5
6
7 6.6.4 Mitigation of Adverse Effects
8
9An extensive set of required programmatic design features addressing impacts on
10important resources and resource uses from solar development has been assembled and is
11presented in Section A.2.2 of Appendix A. These design features would be implemented for all
12solar facilities issued ROW authorizations on BLM-administered lands. In addition, SEZ-specific
13design features, presented in Section A.2.3 of Appendix A, would be implemented to ensure that
14unique issues and conditions are addressed. This comprehensive set of mitigation requirements
15would ensure that impacts from solar energy development on BLM-administered lands would be
16mitigated to the fullest extent possible. Any potential adverse impacts that could not be
17addressed at the programmatic level would be addressed at the project level, where resolution of
18site-specific and species-specific concerns is more readily achievable.
19
20Under both action alternatives, the BLM would incorporate adaptive management
21strategies to ensure that new data and lessons learned about the impacts of solar energy projects
22would be used to avoid, minimize, or mitigate impacts to acceptable levels. The ROW
23authorization policies and design features would be updated and revised as new data on the
24impacts of solar power projects become available. At the project level, operators would be
25required to develop monitoring programs, to establish metrics against which monitoring
26observations can be measured, to identify additional potential mitigation measures, and to
27establish protocols for incorporating monitoring observations and additional mitigation measures
28into standard operating procedures and project-specific stipulations.
29
30
31 6.7 REFERENCES
32
33Note to Reader: This list of references identifies Web pages and associated URLs where
34reference data were obtained for the analyses presented in this Final Solar PEIS. It is likely that
35at the time of publication of this Final Solar PEIS, some of these Web pages may no longer be
36available or their URL addresses may have changed. The original information has been retained
37and is available through the Public Information Docket for this Final Solar PEIS.
38
39APS (Arizona Public Service), 2012, Palo Verde Hub to North Gila 500 kV Transmission Line
40Project. Available at http://www.aps.com/general_info/siting/siting_14.html. Accessed May 9,
412012.
42
43BLM (Bureau of Land Management), 2001, Public Land Statistics 2000, Vol. 185,
44BLM/BC/ST-01/001+1165, March.
45
Final Solar PEIS |
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3
4 BLM, 2005, Land Use Planning Handbook, H-1601-1, U.S. Department of the Interior, 5 Washington, D.C., March.
6
7 BLM, 2011a, Oil and Gas, Statistics. Available at http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/content/wo/en/ 8 prog/energy/oil_and_gas/statistics.html. Accessed April 12, 2012.
9
10BLM, 2011b, Public Land Statistics 2010, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.,
11June. Available at http://www.blm.gov/public_land_statistics/pls10/pls10_combined.pdf.
12Accessed April 12, 2012.
13
14BLM, 2011c, Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the TransWest
15Express 600 kV Direct Current Transmission Line Project in Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and
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17Accessed April 17, 2012.
18
19BLM, 2011d, Record of Decision for Devers–Palo Verde No. 2 Transmission Line Project,
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21Par.34144.File.dat/DPV2ROD.pdf. Accessed April 23, 2012.
22
23BLM, 2012a, Energy Gateway South Transmission Line Project. Available at http://www.blm.
24gov/wy/st/en/info/NEPA/documents/hdd/gateway_south.html. Accessed April 18, 2012.
25
26BLM, 2012b, Sigurd to Red Butte No. 2 345 kV Transmission Project. Available at
27http://www.blm.gov/ut/st/en/fo/cedar_city/planning/sigurd_to_red_butte.html. Accessed
28May 9, 2010.
29
30BLM, 2012c, Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed
31Southline Transmission Line Project in New Mexico and Arizona (DOE/EIS–0474) and Possible
32Land Use Plan Amendments. Available at http://www.southlinetransmissionproject.com/
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34
35BLM, 2012d, Valley Electric’s Hidden Hills Transmission Project (NVN-089669) Federal
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37energy/hidden_hills_transmission.html. Accessed May 23, 2012.
38
39BLM, 2012e, Sun Valley to Morgan Transmission Line. Available at http://www.blm.gov/az/st/
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41
42BLM, 2012f, Calnev Pipeline Expansion Project Draft Environmental Impact
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4 |
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5 |
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9
10BLM and DOE, 2011, Supplement to the Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement
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18Transmission Line Project – Notice to Proceed, Sept. 20. Available at http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/
19 environment/info/aspen/dpv2/ntps/ntp04_092011.pdf. Accessed April 23, 2012.
20
21DoD (U.S. Department of Defense), 2011, Base Structure Report: Fiscal Year 2011 Baseline–
22A Summary of DOD’s Real Property Inventory, Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of
23Defense (Installations and Environment). Available at http://www.acq.osd.mil/ie/download/
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25
26DOE (U.S. Department of Energy), 2010, Draft Environmental Impact Statement Energia Sierra
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29
30EIA (Energy Information Administration), 2001, Historical Natural Gas Annual 1930 Through
312000, DOE/EIS-E-0110(00), U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C., Dec.
32
33EIA, 2003, Annual Coal Report 2002, DOE/EIA-0584 (2002), U.S. Department of Energy,
34Washington, D.C.
35
36EIA, 2011a, Crude Oil Production, 2006 to 2011, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
37Available at http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm. Accessed April 12,
382012.
39
40EIA, 2011b, Natural Gas Annual 2010, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C., Dec.
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3 Accessed April 16, 2012.
4
5ERS (Economic Research Service), 2012, Major Land Uses Data Series–1045 through 2007,
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7 |
majorlanduses. |
8 |
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9FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission), 2008, Commission Approves Rockies Express-
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122007/2007-2/04-19-07-C-1.asp.
13
14IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2007, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis
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19
20LADWP (Los Angeles Department of Water and Power), 2011, Barren Ridge Renewable
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27
28NPS, 2011, 2010 Statistical Abstract, National Park Service Social Science Program, Public Use
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30
31PacifiCorp, 2011, Populus to Terminal. Available at http://www.pacificorp.com/tran/tp/
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33
34Parker, G., 2007, personal communication from Parker (U.S. Forest Service) to I. Hlohowskyj
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36
37Secretary of the Interior, 2010, Renewable Energy Development by the Department of the
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40
41Southline Transmission, 2012, The Southline Transmission Project. Available at http://www.
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44TEPPC (Transmission Expansion Planning Policy Committee), 2008, 2008 Synchronized Study
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4 |
20-%20Study%20Request.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2012. |
5 |
U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2012, National and State Population Estimates. Available at |
6 |
|
7 |
http://www.census.gov/popest/index.html. Accessed April 15, 2012. |
8 |
USFS (U.S. Forest Service), 2012, Bordertown to California 120 kV Transmission Line. |
9 |
10Available at http://www.fs.fed.us/nepa/fs-usda-pop.php/?project=36656. Accessed
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12
13USGCRP (U.S. Global Change Research Program), 2009, Global Climate Change Impacts
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16
17WECC (Western Electric Coordinating Council), 2009, WECC Technical Studies Committee,
18April 29.
19
20WECC, 2011, 2011 WECC Annual Progress Report, Great Basin Transmission, LLCs,
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24
25WECC, 2012, Project Portal. Available at http://www.wecc.biz/Planning/Transmission
26Expansion/Transmission/Lists/Project%20Portal/AllItems.aspx. Accessed May 9, 2012.
28WestConnect, 2012, 2012 WestConnect 10-Year Transmission Plan, Feb. 16. Available at
29 http://www.westconnect.com/planning_2012_final_report.php. Accessed May 9, 2012. 30
31Western (Western Area Power Administration), 2010, Final Environmental Impact Statement,
32Project Financing for Southwest Intertie Project South. Available at http://www.wapa.gov/
33dsw/environment/SWIP.htm. Accessed April 17, 2012.
34
35WIA (Wyoming Infrastructure Authority), 2012, High Plains Express Project (HPX). Available
36at http://wyia.org/projects/transmission-projects/high-plains-express-project-hpx. Accessed
37April 18, 2012.
38
Final Solar PEIS |
6-80 |
July 2012 |