Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. What is the difference in column grid dimensions between the end bays and the intermediate bays?
2. How does the size of interior and perimeter columns change with the height of the building?
3. How is lateral stability provided?
4. What does the enclosure of the building feature?
5. What do the core walls and columns bear on?
6. Where is the action of the perimeter frame most effective?
7. What was the total construction time?
8. How many cranes were used?
Фонетическое задание
Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.
['LltqneIt]; [beI]; ['keIsqn]; ['fJCq]; [In'tIqrIq]; ["Intq'mJdIqt]; [GOInt]; ['mAljqn]
Лексические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словосочетания.
at street level, column grid, column line, construction time, east-west and north-south directions, perimeter beam, pre-assembled panel, reinforced concrete flat slab, service run, wind pressure.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
чередоваться, коренная порода, круглый, облицовка, покрывать, заканчивать, ограждающая конструкция, крайняя секция, особенность, гибкий, опирать (на), угол, общая площадь этажа здания, горизонтальная полоса, тем не менее, увеличивать(ся), взаимодействовать, поперечная устойчивость, основной, а не, достигать (какой-либо величины), арматура, серия, тот же самый.
Упражнение 3. Вам даны три термина:
beam
column
frame
Выберите из приведённого ниже списка слов те, которые соотносятся с этими терминами. Переведите полученные словосочетания на русский язык.
Грамматическое упражнение
Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола и обороты с ними.
1. The basement is supposed to transfer horizontal load on the building into the clay nearer the ground surface.
2. The connections between these columns are designed to transmit both tension and compression.
3. The aluminium anchor is likely to be slightly rotated.
4. The central core is triangular with sides of 48.30 m, the distance from the facades to the walls of the core being 13.80 m.
5. The wind sway is about 0.3in per storey, the design wind pressure being 65 lb per sq ft at the top.
6. The umbrella being raised to the top, the construction of floors proceeded upwards from the nineteenth floor.
7. The tensile strength is still low and this is a major disadvantage of the material resulting in cracking.
8. The aggregates must be strong and durable materials to take the applied loads and must not react chemically with the cement paste.
9. Important factors considered in deciding on a safety factor are given here.
10. The structural system is to comprise four transverse three-storey frames rigidly interconnected in the longitudinal direction by edge beams.
Текст B
HEAD OFFICE BUILDING FOR
A STEEL COMPANY IN PITTSBURGH, USA
On plan the building has the shape of an equilateral triangle, the length of side being 67.32 m. The height above ground level is 256 m. The central core is also triangular with sides of 48.30 m, the distance from the facades to the walls of the core being 13.80 m. The design of the building has been based on a 1.32 m module.
The structural system for this high-rise building is determined essentially by the method of transmitting the wind forces to the foundations. The walls of the triangular core are formed with lattice panels which are shear-connected to each other at the corners and whose columns are rigidly fixed to the foundation structure, thus forming a triangular tube functioning as a vertical cantilever which absorbs and transmits all horizontal forces.
At the top of the building a rigid space frame ‘hat’ connects the core to the 21 external columns which are located 91 cm in front of the facades. The connections between these columns and the space frame are designed to transmit both tension and compression. Thus the top of the building can undergo lateral displacement, but no rotation, so that its deflections are reduced and extreme movements due to temperature variations are also prevented. At every third floor the external columns are joined to one another by horizontal stubs projecting from the facade, which are rigidly connected to them. The beams supporting these floors are connected directly to these stubs. The beams for the intermediate floors, secondary floors, are connected at their outer ends to two-storey high columns which stand, just inside the facades, on the beams for the primary floors. The inner ends of all the floor beams are supported in the core walls.
The external columns and the horizontal stubs in front of the facades are of box-section.
Notes:
displacement n. смещение
equilateral triangle равносторонний треугольник
rotation n. поворот
undergo v. подвергаться