Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. How large is the hotel?
2. How is vertical circulation within the building provided?
3. Why is the construction depth of the floors merely the thickness of the prestressed concrete slabs?
4. What is the column spacing in the transverse direction?
5. What are the dimensions of the prestressed concrete slabs?
6. How were transverse frames assembled?
Лексические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.
Упражнение 2. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:
thick - thickness
distribute - distribution
Текст C
BUILDINGS FOR EDUCATION
Technical college at Brugg-Windisch, Switzerland
The college comprises three interconnected buildings serving different purposes: the four-storey main building, a two-storey building with laboratories and a single-storey building with the assembly hall. The first two buildings are linked by a bridge at first-floor level. There are basements under all three buildings, interconnected by two underground passages.
The same structural system is used in all the buildings. Reinforced concrete basement is surmounted by tubular columns arranged on a square planning grid of 8.80 x 8.80 m. The columns are rigidly interconnected in both directions by floor beams, so as to form one-, two- or four-storey rigid frames to resist the wind forces in the respective buildings. During erection, the steelwork was assembled with the aid of temporary bolted connections and subsequently, after final adjustment, all the joints were welded.
The columns are made of storey height steel tubes 318 mm in diameter. Two horizontal gusset plates for connecting the top and the bottom chords of the floor beams are welded to the upper end of each column. Plastic pipes for taking rainwater from the roof are placed inside the columns.
Curtain wall with storey-height glazing framed in stainless steel sections is used for the facade. They are made of spandrel sandwich panels externally profiled and internally smooth stainless steel with foamed plastic insulation. Demountable internal partitions can be connected to any mullion.
Fire protection is provided by asbestos casing and concrete filling for tubular steel columns. Plate girders are sprayed with asbestos and suspended ceilings comprise fireproof panels for the same reason.
High school in Chicago, USA
This school for 3000 pupils comprises an eight-storey classroom block and a two-storey sports building. The buildings are situated on opposite sides of a street and are interconnected by a footbridge at first-floor level. Both buildings are based on a planning module of 1.53 x 1.53m.
In the transverse direction there is a rigid frame system comprising universal columns and universal beams. The columns are arranged on a 9.14 x 9.14m grid and are spliced every alternate storey. The transverse beams are connected to the columns by means of end plates and high strength friction-grip bolts. Secondary beams spaced at 3.05 m centres support sheet-steel decking and carry a 12.7cm lightweight concrete slab, composite action being ensured by stud shear connectors. Pinned joints are used for the connections between the secondary beams, the internal columns and main beams but rigid joints for wind resistance are used for the connections to the columns in the longitudinal facades. The space on the ground floor is free from internal supports and is spanned in the transverse direction by two box girders, on each of which two of the columns from the upper seven floors are supported. These box girders are 21.30 mm deep, span a distance of 27.42 m and are carried by 604 x 604 mm columns. The footbridge connecting the two buildings comprises two lattice girders interconnected at floor and ceiling level by cross beams.
The columns and beams are encased in concrete and sheathed externally with steel plate, stud shear connectors being used to ensure connection between the sheet and the concrete. The spandrel is of cavity construction, the internal space being insulated. The steel framed windows have double glazing.
Both buildings are supported by caissons founded on rock or stable subsoil at 11 m depth.
Notes:
casing n. защитный слой
filling n. наполнение, заполнение
foamed plastic пенопласт
laboratory n. лаборатория
pupil n. учащийся
sheath v. обшивать
universal adj. универсальный