Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. What are the main functional features of the development?
2. How large is the building?
3. What does the reinforced concrete floor bear on?
4. How are wind forces resisted?
5. What does the roof structure comprise?
6. What is the structure of mushroom caps?
7. What does the substructure of the building feature?
Фонетическое задание
Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.
['kPmpqzIt]; [kqm'praIz]; [eG]; ["qVvqr'Ll]; [rek'txNgjVlq]; ['steqkeIs]; ['tenSqn]; [tq'wLdz]
Лексические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словосочетания.
column spacing, composite framework, downward-tapering column, edge beam channel section, planning grid, portal frame action, reinforced concrete foundation slab, square mushroom-shaped unit, vertical circulation facility, watertight concrete tank.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
размещать(ся), сводчатая галерея, прикреплять, база колонны, кронштейн, вмещать включать, окружать, высота, накосная стропильная нога, внутреннее пространство, вести к, плита из лёгкого бетона, внешний фланец, выступать, выдаваться, прогон (крыши), двутавровая балка, сопротивляться, сторона, нижняя поверхность (свода), подвергать напряжению, поразительный, суживаться, зеркало грунтовых вод.
Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:
Larry Criffis
THE GREAT AMERICAN PYRAMID
The sloping walls of the arena are supported on a (1)… of structural-steel open-web joists (балки с решётчатой стенкой), beams and trusses. The four corners are framed with box trusses 14 ft wide and 18 ft deep, meeting at the apex of the pyramid. (2)… box truss consists of wide-flange chord members and double-angle web members. (3)… of the box trusses contain steel stairs fabricated inside them on the ground before truss erection. The stairs (4)… access to the observation level (обзорная площадка) from the ground.
Each box truss is supported on a massive concrete buttress wall (контрфорсная стена) 24 (5)… thick and two storeys tall. Secondary trusses (6)… from additional concrete buttress foundation walls to the box truss above. Steel brace beams are spaced every 30 ft up the slope, connecting to each box truss and secondary truss. The secondary trusses are spaced at 56 ft across each face of the pyramid, with 32in deep, long-span joists between (7)… .
Diagonal joist bridging (распорка) (8)… the joists in an inclined plane perpendicular to the face of the cladding. The 24 secondary trusses vary from 6.5 ft deep at the buttresses (9)… 11.6 ft at the box-truss connection. They weigh between 11 and 68 (10)…, depending on length.
Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на время и залог сказуемого.
1. The raft forms the foundation of the rest of the building.
2. The structure will be constructed of one central steel tubular column with twelve similar columns around the perimeter.
3. The deflection was limited because the beams had been prestressed.
4. These frames are being supported by a separate concrete substructure.
5. This eliminated fitting problems during erection.
6. Underground waters had decreased the bearing qualities of the subsoil limestone and sandstone.
7. With only small openings the core structure will not be affected.
8. Diagonal truss tubes have been built both in steel and concrete.
9. High tensile strength will be accomplished in several ways.
10. These floors will have been completed by next week.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию глагола to be.
1. The strip foundations to the side walls are taken below a soft clay layer to sand.
2. The basement was to be constructed watertight.
3. The width of the foundation is 3.60 m.
4. The back unit of the building is similar in principle to the middle unit.
5. It is a two-storey elevated structure spanning a motorway.
6. Rigid frames are to support the building.
7. Wind forces are transmitted in the two concrete cores.
Упражнение 3. Образуйте существительные с помощью словообразовательных суффиксов и переведите их.
a. от следующих глаголов с помощью суффиксов – ion, -ment:
accommodate, arrange, circulate, compress, deflect, distribute, divide, found, install, move, place, protect, reinforce, require, settle;
b. от следующих прилагательных с помощью суффиксов - ness, - (i)ty:
complex, conductive, dense, durable, elastic, flexible, hard, humid, like, plastic, quick, rigid, stable, stiff, thick.
Переведите образованные существительные на русский язык.
Текст B
OFFICE BUILDING FOR ADMINISTRATION OF STUDENT AFFAIRS, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BRUNSWICK, GERMANY
This office building is a two-storey one with a basement. Its overall dimensions are 30.25 x 15.25 m, while its height above ground level is 6.48 m. Each storey height is 3.06 m, the ceiling height being 2.60 m. The basement of the building is partly above ground level.
In transverse direction the structure is made up of three-storey rigid frames, comprising three 5 m bays spaced at 5 m centres, so that the columns are arranged on a square grid. In the longitudinal direction temporary underfloor beams subsequently removed after the floors were concreted were used as an aid for erection. Wind forces are transmitted transversely by rigid frame action and longitudinally by rigid interconnection of two transverse frames.
The external columns are rectangular box-section members (200 x 240 mm with 8 mm plate thickness) placed 65 mm outside the plane of the facade. The internal columns are rolled sections; transverse beams for the rigid frames are I 60 to 320. The bottom beams are pin-jointed to the external columns in order to reduce the bending moments in these columns in the bottom storey. Rigid frames of the structure were erected with the aid of fitted and high-strength friction-grip bolts. Reinforced concrete ribbed floors span between transverse beams, the imposed load on floors being 500 kg/m2.
For the facades timber cladding units strengthened by vertical steel sections were used. The units are 13.5 cm thick and have a high value of a thermal resistance.
As the site subsoil consists of fine and medium sand to 2.00 m below the surface with permissible bearing pressure 4 kg/cm3 the columns have pad foundations while the basement walls are supported on strip footings.
Notes:
fitted bolt монтажный болт