Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. How do the caissons and the concrete mat function?
2. How is vertical transportation within the building provided?
3. What was done to resist wind loads?
4. Why did the exterior columns have gravity circulation of inside air around them?
5. What form was the steelwork brought to site in?
6. What are the possible shapes of identical area modules?
Фонетическое задание
Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.
['kxntIlJvq]; [klxd]; [daI'xmItq]; ['dAbql]; [Ik'stensIvlI]; [aI'dentIkql]; [SIq]; ['jHnIfLm]
Лексические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словосочетания.
design horizontal wind force, double deck lift, bronze-tinted glass, grid direction, bundled tube system, two-storey column, half-length beam, triangular module, beam mid-point, black aluminium skin.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
кроме; применять; осевая нагрузка; свая-колонна; соединение; врезать, заглублять; распределение; делить; эффективность; активно; функционировать, действовать; гравитационная циркуляция; линия сетки; модули одинаковой площади; так же как; отверстие; одинаковый; сдвиг, срез; разделять; пласт, слой; проверять; передавать; равномерный; способ, образ действий.
Упражнение 3. Выберите толкование, которое соответствует строительному термину в левой колонке, и переведите его на русский язык.
Дайте однокоренные слова к терминам, помеченным звёздочкой (*).
Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на причастия.
1. The building is a 30-storey suspended structure.
2. The floor beams are supported at their inner ends in pockets formed in the concrete core.
3. When prestressed the girders can span longer distances.
4. The vertical forces are transmitted to the core through the special brackets provided.
5. Assembled from these relatively slender steel members, the system performs the load-bearing function.
6. When placed on permanent formwork, such as precast concrete units, in-situ concrete with smaller tolerances is obtained.
7. Prefabricated floors are particularly feasible in order to reduce construction time.
8. The fire resistance of a floor required can be achieved in various ways.
Упражнение 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся подчеркнутые слова.
1. The two buildings house more than 16,000 office workers.
2. This house is important not for its extreme height but for the original technique of construction.
3. They designed the building to have maximum repetition of elements.
4. In spite of its vast size, only a limited number of design drawings were done.
5. The design of the floor was made composite with the truss by shear studs.
6. The building is made up of nine square area modules.
7. Building methods used helped to achieve the required cost and speed of construction.
8. The building consists of square units which combine to form a larger square.
Текст B
OFFICE BUILDING FOR INSURANCE COMPANY IN LONDON, ENGLAND
The building is a 30-storey suspended structure containing 26100 m2 of office space. The entrance hall extends through a height of two storeys.
In each storey, the floor beams are supported at their inner ends in pockets formed in the concrete core, while their outer ends are attached to steel hangers in the facades. At about mid-height and at the top of the building the hangers transmit their loads, from the twelve storeys below these levels to a cantilever frame built out from the core. Wind forces are also transmitted to the core, through the floor slabs.
The 13 cm thick lightweight concrete floor slabs are in composite construction with the floor beams, welded studs being used as shear connectors. The hangers are flat bars, 228 mm wide, increasing in thickness with height from 19 to 51 mm.
The hangers in the facades are suspended from edge girders, those parallel to the two longer sides of the core being plate girders, while those in the other direction being two-storey high lattice girders. From these edge girders the vertical forces exerted by the hangers are transmitted through diagonal ties and horizontal struts to the core of the building. The horizontal forces transmitted by the cantilever frames to each side of the core balance one another, the diagonal ties being interconnected by prestressed high-tensile steel ties linking their upper points of attachment, while the struts transmit their thrust through the floor slabs within the core. The vertical forces from the ties are transmitted to the core through the special brackets provided. The bottom chords of the two-storey high lattice girders are of welded I-section, 1220 mm deep, with plate thicknesses up to 62 mm.
Notes:
cantilever frame каркас с консолями