Лексические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:
accommodation (n.), batten (n.), board (n.), brace (v.), bracket (n.), built-up (adj.), at centres, choose (v.), clip (n.), diameter (n.), gable end, glaze (v.), ground beam, joist (n.), metre (n.), module (n.), nail (v.), overlap (v.), post (n.), rafter (n.), rest (v.), shell (n.), slope (n.).
Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?
Упражнение 2. Переведите на английский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:
винт, вокруг, вполне, временный, высота, дорогой, жёсткость, избегать, из-за, каждый, кровельное покрытие, ленточная ферма, лесоматериал, лист, надёжный, неглубокий, отопление, перегородка, поддерживать, полое сечение, поперечная устойчивость, поэтому, правильный, размещать, сдвиг, сквозь, слой, состоять из, трудность, тщательный, характеристика, чем, электрический, электропроводка.
Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте термины, обозначающие способы и средства соединения элементов здания. Дайте перевод найденных терминов на русский язык.
Упражнение 4. Определите: есть ли ошибки в переводе представленных ниже слов. Если ошибки имеются, укажите правильный перевод.
Упражнение 5. Дайте антонимы следующих слов:
Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите группы существительных:
timber beams, floor panels, shrinkage cracking, concrete masonry, storey height, roof slopes, wind forces, cavity wall construction, six-person two-storey house, window size, floor slab level, south-east side.
Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на время и залог сказуемого.
1. The cabins are supported by 100×300 mm timber beams.
2. The floor panel will be connected to the floor beam by galvanised steel straps.
3. All cabins were made up from the same prefabricated panels and parts.
4. By the time the work on site started the work in the factory had been going on for two months.
5. Floor panels are being fabricated in height or width modules of one, two or three metres.
6. They have already determined the main properties of concrete.
7. Steel frames will allow installation of all kinds of services.
8. The 58 cabins have been built in a period of 18 months.
Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, выделите подлежащее, сказуемое, и второстепенные члены в каждом из них.
1. All cabins are made up from the same prefabricated panels and parts.
2. Connections in steel can be made by welding or bolting.
3. The development of reliable wood glues has brought in a range of manufactured products.
4. The polyester resin which is used in the production of GRP hardens and cures.
Упражнение 4. Работа в парах.
Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А.
Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C.
Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.
Текст B
WPOLSTONE HOUSES, MILTON KEYNES, ENGLAND
This group of houses, part of a larger development of similar construction, is an example of the application of brickwork in which an external cavity wall construction is used to protect the inner leaf from the weather, particularly rain.
The six-person two-storey house contains three main walls in the long direction; these support the two monopitch roofs and the floor above ground level. The house is unusual in that the main central wall is both an internal and an external wall and is therefore of cavity construction throughout. The house is well insulated especially in the roof. Window sizes are moderate except for the large window on the south-east side where the solar gain into the living room compensates the loss of heat from reduced insulation. Horizontal timber boarding is used on the south-east face as well as in the roof gable ends of the living room.
The object of the structural design is to keep the masonry everywhere in compression, under which it is strong, and reduce tension, under which it is weak. This is best achieved by applying gravity loads down the centre of walls, as here on the south-east wall for example, and providing frequent lateral supports to the walls so that bending and tensile stresses, due to lateral wind forces on walls, are low. The usual disadvantage of masonry, its instability, a direct result of its low tensile strength, is not an important factor in buildings at the scale of this house: roofs, floors and walls at right angles are all available to provide lateral support to the walls. Gravity loads do not cause the sloping rafters to exert horizontal forces at the top of the support walls but do provide the necessary lateral support.
Notes:
monopitch roof односкатная крыша