Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. What kind of development is it?
2. How is circulation within the buildings provided?
3. What is the function of the tubular columns at the centre of each pavilion?
4. What are the top chords of the lattice girders interconnected by?
5. How are the lower-level floor beams supported?
6. What do the rectangular hollow section beams carry?
7. How are wind forces transmitted?
8. Where are service ducts installed?
Фонетическое задание
Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.
[In'saId]; ["Intq'sekSqn]; [GOIn]; ['sWvIs]; [speIs]; [skweq]; [TrH]; [trPf]
Лексические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания.
artificial island, diagonal direction, exhibition pavilion, imposed load, inside (n.), intersection, lattice girder, rectangular hollow section beam, square (n.), water level.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
бухта; верхний пояс; выступать вперёд; застройка; канал, жёлоб; квадрат; квадратный в плане; краевая балка; между; наклонять; наружная лестница; пересекать; пересечение; пешеходный мост; подвешивать; поперечный; располагать; решётка; связывать; содержать; соединять; стойка; трубчатая колонна.
Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:
Connection Resistance
The forces to be considered when designing connections (1)… gravity loads, temporary erection loads, those caused by differential settlements, horizontal loads normal to the wall, horizontal forces that act parallel to the wall, creep, shrinkage, and differential thermal (2)… . These (3)… act separately or in combinations. Beams, serving (4)… the flange or chord of a horizontal diaphragm must have continuous reinforcement (5)… resist the (6)… resulting from the horizontal diaphragm action. To provide that continuity the reinforcement must be (7)… spliced. If the diaphragm chord is a timber member, bolted splices must be designed so that the total axial tensile force can be transferred across the joint. On the other edges of the diaphragm, the connection must be strong (8)… to transfer the total direct shear stresses carried from the diaphragm web into the wall. The (9)… design shear force to be transferred from diaphragm to shear wall is 200 lb/ft². Shear transfer from wood diaphragms can be accomplished with shear bolts and (10)… .
Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на конверсию.
1. In this place connections were made with steel angles or plates.
2. Three steel portal frames, each with two transverse girders, are placed at the top of the building.
3. The entrance to both buildings is at terrace level.
4. Before erection, the large floor units were levelled and assembled from elements of identical size.
5. Wind forces are transmitted to the foundations.
6. It is made in order to force the vertical wind-bracing.
7. The hotel has ten upper storeys which cantilever outwards like wings.
8. The ends of these cantilevers are joined together by edge girders.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на причастия.
1. The floor is of prestressed hollow core concrete planks, 8 ft wide and 8 in thick, used without a topping.
2. As soon as they were erected, the floor flanks were used to stabilize the trusses by welding of a plate embedded in the planks to the chords of the trusses.
3. Ranging in diameter from 36 to 78 in and in length from 5 to 50 ft, those piers support 78 columns.
4. The cladding consists of vertical precast concrete strips alternating with windows.
5. Structural steel used is about 7 lb/ft² of floor area.
6. The building foundations are piled, all precast columns being positioned in 2 ft deep pockets in 3 ft deep ground beams sitting on the piles.
7. Drilled piers with an end-bearing pressure of 50 tons/sq ft were placed near the channels edge.
8. Inside the ground floor has a suspended ceiling 10 in below the slab soffit.
Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оборот there + to be.
1. There was a heavy 9in deep concrete slab at each floor level.
2. There were ribs between the grooves with overall depth of 40 mm.
3. There is a 125×500 mm precast concrete edge beam on the east and west sides.
4. There were some 20 concrete roof slabs, laid in situ or composed of precast concrete units.
Текст B
LIBRARY IN PANTIN, FRANCE
This library is accommodated in a two-storey building subdivided into five equal units: the central unit and four other units which are connected in pairs to two opposite sides of the central one. Under the central unit there is a basement with underground passages to link it to the other units. The main staircase is in the entrance hall, while two spiral staircases are located on the outside of the building. Each unit measures 12.60 x 12.60 m on plan.
Each of the five units composing the building is supported by four intersecting rigid portal frames. The frames of adjacent units comprise columns shared in common, while on the free sides the columns are located at the quarter points of these sides and stand 60cm in front of the facade. The portal frames span 12.60 m and are 6.30 m apart. In one direction the upper floor comprises beams pin-jointed to the portal frame columns and supported at the centre by a column. In the other direction beams span only between these floor beams and the portal frame columns. The edge beams are IPE 300. These beams support a reinforced concrete slab, 18 cm thick, enclosed at its outer edge within a U 230 channel section.
Each unit has a roof in the form of a 1.75 m high pyramid set diagonally so that the inclined surfaces are parabolic hyperboloids. A cold-formed edge beam is connected through brackets to the columns of the portal frames and is, at the centre of each face of the building, tied back to the intersection points of the upper portal frame beams. The four hip rafters, each composed of two U 200 channel sections, are connected at the apex of the roof, their lower ends being supported on the edge beams. The edge beams and hip rafters support timber beams which in turn carry rafters and battens.
Notes:
hyperboloid n. гиперболоид
shared in common действующий совместно (поддерживающий смежные элементы)