Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. Why were cable trusses used in the structure?
2. What is the drawback of the cables?
3. How was it overcome?
4. Where is the pitch set?
5. How was concrete seating built?
6. What is the roof structure of the sports centre?
7. What are the working stresses in the cables?
Лексические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:
newton, parabolic (adj.), sheet metal, sq mm, cover (v.), either (adj.), equivalent (adj.), fully (adv.), nearly (adv.).
Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?
Упражнение 2. Переведите на английский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:
внешний вид, дополнительный, естественное освещение, жёсткая ферма, изгибаться, измеряться, использовать, конкурировать, направление, неотъемлемый, несущая способность, отливать, площадь поперечного сечения,
пожарная лестница, правильное решение, предел, прочность, рабочее напряжение, располагаться на расстоянии … метров друг от друга, расположение, с внешней стороны, серия, стабилизировать, сток, страдать, так же как и, угол, эквивалентный.
Упражнение 3. Определите: есть ли ошибки в переводе представленных ниже слов. Если ошибки имеются, укажите правильный перевод.
Упражнение 4. Выберите толкование, которое соответствует строительному термину в левой колонке.
Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом без причастия.
1. The houses part of a large development, they are of similar construction.
2. In this school two types of corrugated steel panels are used to form the complete outer shell, with one panel half the length of the other.
3. The building is situated on a slope, its facade to the south-east.
4. Each slab block has three vertical circulation cores, with one core to each point block.
5. The soil not stable, piles were used for the foundation.
Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, определите, к какой части речи относятся подчеркнутые слова.
1. At spans exceeding about 50 metres cable trusses can be competitive with the standard rigid plane truss.
2. Large-section steel sheets span between the longitudinal members of the truss.
3. The structural design is dominated by the need to allow for thermal movement of the polycarbonate.
4. This construction doesn’t need any precast elements.
5. The upper members have a link with adjacent trusses.
6. A bridge at first-floor level is to link the first two buildings.
7. Trusses have a practical span limit of up to about 150 metres.
8. The building incorporated slender reinforced concrete columns within the thickness of the brick walls to limit the area of damage.
Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.
1. The weight of the heaviest plate is less than six tonnes.
2. The lower levels have a column grid of 28×20 ft and a framing scheme, which have the main beams spanning the shorter and the secondary beams the longer dimension of this grid.
3. A typical floor took less than four days to complete.
4. The staggered truss system is best suited to narrow shaped buildings.
5. Brick is one of the oldest and the first man-made building material.
6. Only the minimum number of loadbearing walls is provided in order to simplify the scheme and make erection quicker.
7. In practice the highest belt truss is often placed at the top of the building.
8. The higher the floor the smaller is its area.
Упражнение 4. Работа в парах.
Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А.
Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C.
Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.
Текст B
IBM EXHIBITION PAVILION, EUROPE
Part II
The polycarbonate pyramids are formed from 6mm thick, flat sheets, three pyramids being made from each sheet. The chords are made from laminated timber. Short lengths are connected together at the cast aluminium nodes, to which the pyramids are attached, using glued joints. At the top of the pyramids, stainless steel discs are glued in two places to either side of the polycarbonate and to these is bolted a bent stainless steel plate, from which a rod with a rubber block cast on it projects radially. The rubber block has a push with the outer aluminium nodes; it is fixed by an outer cover plate with a screw fitting to the rod.
Although free to rotate radially, the cross-pin is fixed in the building's long direction so that wind forces in this direction are transferred to the 'ladders', which act as frames; the 'ladders' are connected to each other at the apex and mid-point on each side of the building. The cross-members of the 'ladder' are attached to the radial members with bolts. To prevent buckling, the inner radial edges of the pyramids, adjacent to joints, are stiffened by aluminium channels each side of the polycarbonate; the channels are bolted together through the polycarbonate, using slotted holes to allow differential thermal movement, and do not carry any axial load. The joint between the arch units is made watertight by an internal and external strip of transparent PVC.
The structural design is influenced by the need to allow for thermal movement of the polycarbonate. As the inner edges of the pyramids increase in length their radius of curvature also increases. This movement is largely unrestricted because of the pinned joints used, only secondary moments occurring in the elements.
Notes:
cross-pin n. поперечный штифт
curvature n. кривизна
disc n. диск
push n. толкатель, кнопка
PVC поливинилхлорид