Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. What kind of foundation is used?
2. What is it used for?
3. Which part of the structure is made of masonry?
4. How are lateral and rotational movements resisted?
5. What determines the thickness of the wall?
6. Why does the building incorporate reinforced concrete columns at some corners?
7. Why should only the minimum number of walls that are necessary to support the floor be constructed?
8. How long was the total period of construction?
Лексические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:
accuracy (n.), effective height, collapse (n.), return wall, rather than.
Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?
Упражнение 2. Переведите на английский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:
жилой этаж, под прямым углом, тщательный, поперечная стена, зависеть от, определять, разделение, перегородка, приведённая ширина, отделочные работы, включать в себя, пересекающиеся стены, сопротивление боковым нагрузкам, класть кирпичи, умеренный, смещение, нуждаться в проверке, только, плоскость, заливать бетон, цель, вполне, сплошной фундамент, сопротивляться, существенный, толщина, ограничивать, поддерживать.
Упражнение 3. Дайте антонимы следующих слов:
Грамматические упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения с усилительной конструкцией.
1. It is in 1824 that Portland cement appeared.
2. It is cast-in-place reinforced concrete that can be applied to non-standard areas and shapes.
3. It was the wall thickness that established a minimum width for the footing.
4. It is in mild climates that footings are often placed a very short distance below the ground surface.
5. It is high grade steel which is necessary for heavily stressed foundations.
6. It is porous concrete that is the most effective in sound absorption.
7. It is good resistance to most corrosive agents that makes glass so attractive for builders.
Упражнение 2. Переведите прилагательные с суффиксами – ive и –able. Определите, от каких слов они образованы.
Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на условные придаточные предложения. Определите тип предложений.
1. If it is decided to use a square footing, it needs to be larger.
2. If built of hollow masonry units they should have the voids filled with concrete.
3. If this distance is great, because of the need to reach adequate soil for bearing, the walls may be quite high.
4. If the basement floor is a significant distance below grade, major soil pressure will be exerted horizontally against the outside of the wall.
5. If the walls and columns were monolithically constructed, some load sharing could not be avoided.
6. For the column, if it were freestanding and not in the line of the wall, the required square footing would be 6 ft² thick.
Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию герундия.
1. The elements are joined to one another by bolting these girders together.
2. Wind-bracing is achieved by vertical lattice systems in the party walls between the flats.
3. The most effective way of resisting horizontal loads, for any given plan area, is to use a cantilever with a solid section.
4. A further increase in stiffness can be provided in steel buildings by using a shear truss.
5. This is best achieved by applying gravity loads down the center of walls.
6. These walls receive a certain amount of vertical load, if only for counterbalancing the tensile forces that would otherwise be caused by bending moments.
7. The different slab strengths thus required is provided by post-tensioning.
Упражнение 5. Работа в парах.
Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А.
Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C.
Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.
Текст B
ALPHA HOTEL, AMSTERDAM
This hotel with 603 bedrooms has a low-rise podium surmounted by two staggered slab blocks connected to an 18-storey central core. Vertical circulation comprises four passenger lifts, two goods lifts and a main staircase in the core, together with two emergency staircases, one at the end of each block.
The slab blocks comprise transverse frames, spaced at 4.0 m intervals, each consisting of two columns interconnected by beams, braced by diagonal members in each storey. Precast prestressed concrete slabs span longitudinally between the beams. As the columns, beams and diagonal bracing are installed in the walls separating the rooms, the construction depth of the floors is merely the thickness of the prestressed concrete slabs. Transverse wind forces are transmitted through the rigid frames; longitudinal wind forces are transmitted by the floor slabs to the reinforced concrete core. The columns are spaced at 10.60 m centres in the transverse direction of the building. Joints in columns are welded, with intermediate steel plates. All other structural connections are bolted.
The 13 cm thick prestressed concrete slabs, 4.0 x 1.50 m, are connected to the beams in the transverse frames by welding to the bars left projecting from the concrete. Joints are filled with in-situ concrete with no floor screed.
The transverse frames for the 16-storey slab block were assembled flat on the ground and then successively raised to the vertical position. Floor slabs, spandrel panels and windows were erected in sequence. In this way the structure of one 4 m long section of building was completed every seven days.
Notes:
construction depth строительная высота
goods lift грузовой лифт