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Файл:Элементы теории образования электрического тока в грунтовых и водных средах (проводниках второго рода). Монография
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ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɷɬɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɷɬɢ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɚɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧ
ɟɫɥɢ
rE=I /.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬ
ɜɤ
U, I
ɢ
Ɋ
,
ɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
-
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɚ
ɬɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧ
ɬɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶ
ɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
Ɋ
= ȿ I
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ
ɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ. ȼ
ɫɯɟɦɟ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɨɧɨɜ
ɪɹɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɦ
,
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ
./
rEI
≠
ɜɤ
-
-
-
-
-
41
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 3
r
r
rU=I
r
r
I=P
ɗɅȿɄɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɂɇɍɋɈɂȾȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɌɈɄ ȼ ɐȿɉəɏ
ɋ ɂȾȿȺɅɖɇɕɆɂ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺɆɂ r, L, C
ɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɫɟ-
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
3.1. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ
ɉɪɢ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɤ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧ
ɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ Ɉɦɚ
Ȧ
tU
sin
m
.
Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ
m
sin
tI=
Ȧ
.
(51)
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ
ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ
u
=i
=
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɮɚɡɟ ɫ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ
rU=I
/.
mm
ɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ
ɷɬɨɦɭ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ
: ;2/
/.
ɗɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧ Ɉɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ
U=U 2/
m
I=I ,
.
Ɇɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɯ
tU=u
sin
Ȧ
m
-
:
-
ɩɨ
m
-
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
(1cos2
−−
2
.
ɬɚɤɠɟ
Ȧ
2
U
=P
ɢ
: 2/)cos2
).cos2
Ȧ
tUI=tUIUI=P
sin
Ȧ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
Ȧ
, P = U
mmmm
Â
I
(1sin
−
ɩɪɢ
Ȧ
cos2
ȼ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨ
ɮɚɡɟ ɫ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
.
42
tIU=ttUI=iu=p
Ȧ
ɢɥɢ
t = 0,
ɚ
3.2. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ ɫ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɦɚɥɨ
(r = 0)
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ
L
(
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟ
m
⋅
sin
Ȧ
tI=i
ɗɬɨɬ ɬɨɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ
LI
⋅
m
Ɏ
Ɏ
=
ɜ
⋅
m
sin
t
Ȧ
,
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɧɚɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɗȾɋ ɫɚɦɨɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ
tLI=dtdiL=e
cos
/
mL
ȦȦ
⋅⋅⋅−−
ɢɥɢ
ɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɗȾɋ ɫɚɦɨɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ȿ
= I
Â
Ȧ
L
.
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɗȾɋ ɫɚɦɨɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
u=u
.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
L
/
Ɏ
=
m
mL
mL
Ȧ
.
ɋɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɣ
,
ʌ
sin
mm
cos
⋅⋅⋅
§
Ȧ
¨
©
LI=E
Ȧ
⋅
ȦȦ
·
.
−⋅
tE=e
tLI=dtdiL=u=u
.
ɢɥɢ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɫɢ
¸
2
¹
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
§
⋅
sin
mL
¨
©
ɪɚɜɧɨɣ
Ȧ
+tU=u
ʌ
·
.
¸
2
¹
-
.
-
-
,
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɮɚɡɟ
ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɭ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɮɚɡ ʌ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɤɨɦ
– Ɉɦ.
x
ȿɝɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ, ɨɛɨ
,
L
L
2
/2.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ȦLɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨ
Lf=L=x
⋅⋅
ʌȦ
.
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ
⋅
ʌ
§
ȦsinȦ
⋅⋅⋅
mm
¨
©
ʌ
§
⋅=
2Ȧcos
¨
©
·
+tUI
¸
2
¹
·
=+tUtI=iu=p
¸
¹
()
UI
mm
22
mm
ʌ
ª
cos
«
2
¬
[]
⋅⋅⋅
sin2Ȧ2/ʌ2Ȧcos
§
−
2Ȧcos
¨
©
−⋅=⋅
()
t.IU=+tUI=
ʌ
º
·
¸
»
2
¹
¼
2/ʌ2Ȧcos2/cosʌ2/sin2Ȧ
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɤ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ, ɦɨɳ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ
L
2
2/
iL=W
⋅ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɰɟɩɶ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ.
-
-
:
=+t
=+tUItUI=
43
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɬɨɤ ɭɛɵɜɚɟɬ, ɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ.
ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
2
m
2/
LI
⋅ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ. ɉɨ-
ɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ ɪɚɜ-
T
0/1
=pdtT=P
ɧɨ ɧɭɥɸ:
³
0
.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɤɨ-
ɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ (ɨɛɦɟɧ) ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡ
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳ-
2
xI=Q ⋅
ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ
. Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɭ
LL
ɠɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɟɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɨɬ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ȼɚɪ ɢɥɢ ɤȼȺɪ, ɱɬɨ ɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɶɬ-ɚɦɩɟɪ ɪɟɚɤ-
ɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɢɥɨɜɨɥɶɬ-ɚɦɩɟɪ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ.
3.3. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɉɭɫɬɶ ɤ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɭ, ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɞɟɚɥɟɧ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ,
ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɤ
cosȦȦ/ ⋅ ɢɥɢ
m
m
tCU=dtCdU=i
tU=U
sinȦ⋅ , ɬɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ
()
⋅ .
m
2/ʌȦsin +tI=i
44
Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɬɨɤɚ .Ȧ
I
CU=I Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ .
mm
Ȧ
CU=
ȼɟɥɢ
-
ɱɢɧɭ
c
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
C=x
Ȧ
/1
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. Ɉɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ
[]
c
,/ cAcB=x
⋅⋅
Ɉɦ
.
ɋɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɮɚɡɟ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɮɚɡ
2/ʌ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ
Ȧ
()
sinsin
mm
2/
ʌȦ
⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅
Ȧ
.sin2
tIU=+tItU=iu=P
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɭɥɸ
:
T
0/1
⋅
=pdtT=P
³
0
.
Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨ
ɰɟɫɫɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
2
2/
Cu=W
.
c
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɨɬ
0
-
ɞɨ2/ʌ
(
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ
.
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
ʌ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ ɭɛɵɜɚɟɬ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ
ɞɨ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ
ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɨɬ2/ʌ
(
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɪɹɠɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɧ ɡɚɪɹɠɚɟɬɫɹ
).
Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɤɨɥɟɛɚ
),
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ
ɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɛɨ
ɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ
ɫɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ȼȺɪ ɢ ɤȼȺɪ
2
.
xI=Q
Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨ
cc
.
-
-
-
45
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 4
E
r
I=IU=P
t
ɗɅȿɄɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɉɈɋɌɈəɇɇɕɃ ɂɅɂ ȼɕɉɊəɆɅȿɇɇɕɃ ɌɈɄ
ȼ ɐȿɉəɏ ɋ ɂȾȿȺɅɖɇɕɆɂ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺɆɂ r, L, C
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɣ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɧɭɠɧɚ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.
4.1. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ
ɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
ɝɞɟ
ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ
–
ɗȾɋ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ
.
:
U+U=E
0
;
Ɍɨɤ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ Ɉɦɚ
,
R
U –
0
:
ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
()
R
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɵ
;
U –
R
ɧɚ
E
,
R+r
.
ɝɞɟ
=I
r –
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
0
0
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɭ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ
ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ
:
-
-
-
2
⋅
.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ
:
2
.
ɷɦ
rtI=W
46
Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɤɚɤ ɫ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɫ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ
ɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ
ɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ
(
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ) ɜɫɹ ɷɥɟɤ
:
.QW
ɷɦ
Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ
ɰɟɫɫ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɣ
!
4.2. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɵ
ɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
U+U=E ,
L0
ɝɞɟ
U –
ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
0
;
U –
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
L
.
–
ɩɪɨ
-
-
-
Ɍɨɤ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ Ɉɦɚ
:
E
ɝɞɟ
=I
0
x
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɧɭɥɸ
L
,
x+r
L
.
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨ
ɬɭ
2
trI=Q
ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɢ
0
0
r ,
ɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
0
–
ɜɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟ
ɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ,tɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ
.
WW
ɦɷɦ
:
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ ɧɟ ɜɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬ
ɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
-
.
-
-
.
ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦ!ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧ
ɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ
47
.
-
4.3. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ
t
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟ
ɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ
ɝɞɟ
U –
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ
C
:
;
U+U=E
,
C
0
U –
ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
0
.
Ɍɨɤ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɚ
ɬɭɲɤɨɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɤɚɤ
E
,
x+r
C
.
ɝɞɟ
=I
0
x
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɡɚ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ
C
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧ
ɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚ
ɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ
,
-
-
-
-
2
()
0
2
txI=tx+rI=E
,
ɩɪɢ
CCt
>> rx
C
.
0
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɷɥɟɤ
ɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
WW
ɷɥɷɦ
:
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦ
.
ɉɨɞɜɨɞɹ ɢɬɨɝ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ
ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ
,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
(
ɩɚɧɞɟɪɨɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ
),
ɧɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɬɪɚɬɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɞɠɨɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ, ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɷɬɢɯ
-
,
,
48
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯ ɫɢɥ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɨ
-
ɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɗȾɋ
E
ɫɬɨɪ
).(
ȼ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɚɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ
(
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ
ɤɚɬɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ) ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦɢ ɗȾɋ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɬɶ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ, ɩɨ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɗȾɋ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢ
ɬɨɜ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɵɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ
.
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬ
ɪɢɦ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɪɟɞ
ɝɪɭɧɬ
»,
ɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦ
5,
ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚ
«
ɚɧɨɞɧɨɟ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ
–
ɝɪɭɧɬ» ɢ «ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɦɨɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ
ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ
.
–
-
-
-
-
49
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 5
ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɌȿɊɆɈȾɂɇȺɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɆȿɏȺɇɂɁɆ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə
ɌɈɄȺ ȼ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɅɂɌȺɏ
Ɉɞɧɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɞɨɛɵɬɵɯ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɧɚɭɤɢ. ɇɚɭɤɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
5.1. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ
ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
1.
ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨ
-
ɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ, ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ Ɉɦɚ ɢ Ⱦɠɨɭɥɹ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ
–
Ʌɟɧɰɚ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɫɹ
.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ
ɥɢɬɚɯ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɋɩɪɚɲɢɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹ: ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɠɟ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɡɟ
ɗɬɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɬɶ, ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
,
ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɯɥɨɪ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢ
ɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɡɪɵɜɭ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
600
ɨɤɨɥɨ
2.
ɤɚɥɨɪɢɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ Ʉɥɚɭɡɢɭɫ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɬɢ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ
-
(2500 Ⱦɠ)
ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ
.
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɵ
. «
ȿɫɥɢ ɨɬ
ɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɬɨ ɢ ɚɬɨɦɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ, ɬɨɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɞɜɢɠɭɬɫɹ
».
ȼ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɚɬɨɦɵ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɮɟɪɵ
-
-
?
-
-
-
,
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ
ɫɢɥɵ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ
ɚ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɰɟɥɭɸ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ. ȼ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɷɬɢ
,
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ
ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
50
.
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