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Файл:Английский язык для студентов-бакалавров неязыковых специальностей заочной формы обучения. Учебное пособие
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Unit 4. Global problems
31
4. Choose the best answer.
1) So, what have you done /
been doing
recently? Anything fun?
2) My friend’s been buying / bought a new computer.
3) At last! I’ve understood / been understanding the question.
4) The athletes are tired. They’ve trained / been training all day.
5) Have you swum / been swimming? Your hair looks wet.
6) Oh, there you are! I’ve looked / been looking for you everywhere!
7) Great news! Hannah’s been having / had a baby girl!
5. Complete the First Conditional questions.
1) Perhaps it’ll rain.
What will you do if it rains?
2) It’s possible Ryan will lose his job.
What _______________ if he loses his job?
3) It’s possible there won’t be any tickets.
What will I do if _______________ any tickets?
4) Perhaps Frank will miss his flight.
What _______________ if he misses his flight?
5) Perhaps Alice will go shopping in New York.
What will Alice buy if _______________ in New York?
6) It’s possible that your taxi will be late.
What _______________ if the taxi is late?
6. Rewrite these sentences using
might
.
1) It’s possible I’ll be away in July.
I might be away in July.
2) It could rain tomorrow.
___________________________________________
3) We’re not sure whether we’ll go on holiday.
___________________________________________
4) It’s possible that she’s ill.
___________________________________________
7. Match the two halves of each sentence.
1) He’d move to France
2) If she got the job,
Английский язык для студентов-бакалавров неязыковых специальностей…
32
3) If the weather was nicer,
4) I’d drive to work
5) I’d take an aspirin
a) she’d be very happy.
b) if I were you.
c) if I had a car.
d) we’d go to the beach.
e) if he spoke French.
Text A. UN World Refugee Day
8. Match the definitions (a–h) with the vocabulary (1–8).
Vocabulary
Definition
1) a refugee
2) a stateless person
3) a donation
4) a border
5) to settle
6) to flee
7) a crisis
8) an internally
displaced person
a) To go and live somewhere permanently.
b) Money given to help a person or charity.
c) Someone who has had to escape their country
because their life was in danger.
d) To escape danger by running away.
e) Someone who has had to leave their home,
but not their country.
f) The line that divides one country from
another country.
g) An extremely difficult or dangerous time.
h) Someone who does not officially belong to
any country.
Across the world there are currently over 65 million people who have had
to leave their homes. Some have settled in new countries; many more are living
in refugee camps, waiting for it to be safe enough to go home or to be resettled in
a different country. The United Nations decided that refugees should have a
special day, when we think of them and show our support. The first World
Refugee Day was on 20 June 2001 and it’s been celebrated every year since then.
A refugee crisis
Sixty-five million people means that nearly one in 100 people in the world
is a displaced person or refugee. We are now facing the worst refugee crisis in
history. The number of refugees has doubled in the last twenty years. The
Unit 4. Global problems
33
situation is clearly worse in some countries than in others. Fifty-five per cent of
refugees worldwide come from Syria, Afghanistan and South Sudan. Since the
start of the war, more than 5.6 million Syrians have escaped the country and 6.1
million are still living in Syria but have had to leave their homes. Around half of
these 11 million people are children.
The aim of World Refugee Day
A refugee crisis on this scale is difficult to deal with, but the United
Nations Secretary General, Antonio Guterres, reminds us that ‘the problems are
war and hatred, not people who flee.’ World Refugee Day is about raising
awareness of the situation and showing the refugees that together we can work to
end the crisis and help displaced people to find safe and happy homes.
What happens on World Refugee Day?
There are a lot of events on 20 June in different countries. Many famous
landmarks, such as the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Empire State Building in
New York, are covered in blue lights, the colour of the United Nations. In
Glasgow, Scotland, people hold hands to form an enormous human chain around
George Square, in the city centre, to ‘show the world that Scotland welcomes
refugees’. In many places there are film showings, exhibitions and various
fundraising events.
What you can do to help
A few years ago, the United Nations started a petition, #WithRefugees, for
people worldwide to ask their governments to support refugees. So far nearly 2
million people have signed the petition. Many people also write letters to their
governments or make a donation to a charity that supports refugees. So, what
will you do?
9. Are the sentences true or false?
1) The first World Refugee Day was in 2000.
2) The refugee crisis was worse twenty years ago.
3) About 50 per cent of Syrian refugees and displaced people are under 18
years old.
4) Antonio Guterres agrees that refugees are a big problem.
5) There is a reason for using blue lights to celebrate World Refugee Day.
6) Only a few hundred people have supported the United Nations petition so
far.
Английский язык для студентов-бакалавров неязыковых специальностей…
34
10. Complete the sentence with the missing words.
awareness camps donations history hold landmarks petition
worldwide
1) Some refugees have settled in new countries; many more are living in refugee
……………………………… waiting for it to be safe enough to go home.
2) This is the worst refugee crisis in ……………………………… and the
number of refugees has doubled in the last twenty years.
3) Fifty-five per cent of refugees ……………………………… come from Syria,
Afghanistan and South Sudan.
4) World Refugee Day is about raising ……………………………… of the
situation.
5) Many famous ……………………………… , such as the Eiffel Tower in
Paris, are covered in blue lights.
6) In Glasgow, Scotland, people ……………………………… hands to form an
enormous human chain.
7) On World Refugee Day in 2016 the United Nations started a …………………
, #WithRefugees
8) Many people also write letters to their governments or make
……………………………… to a charity that supports refugees.
Text B. Reducing energy demand
We can all do our bit to reduce our energy demand. Changes big and small
in the way we use electricity, power our vehicles and heat our homes and
businesses cumulatively have a significant impact.
Reducing our energy demand is something that we should be excited
about, not scared of. It can save us money, as well as protect our planet.
Insulation
Properly insulating buildings has an enormous impact. A third of heat lost
from homes escapes through the walls. Another quarter of lost heat is wasted
through the lack of loft insulation. Fixing this would also be cheap, simple, and
extremely effective.
Saying goodbye to standby
In 2010 for the first time, consumer electronics (a catch all phrase
covering computers, home entertainment systems and general gadgetry) became
the single biggest user of domestic electricity.
Unit 4. Global problems
35
While washing machines and fridge-freezers are becoming more energy
efficient, the more sophisticated and ‘higher-spec’ gadgets use more electricity
than the products they replace.
And we have more of them than ever: multiple TVs and DVD players,
phones, radios, scanners, routers, computers and digital cameras. By 2025, it’s
estimated that these information, communication and entertainment (ICE)
products will account for around 45 per cent of home electricity use.
The key to saving energy and money as far as ICE products are concerned
is simple – switch them off when you are not using them.
Appliances on standby account for eight per cent of electricity used in the
home. Doing so, would save a lot of money for each household, and make CO2
emission reductions equivalent to taking 1.5 million cars off our roads every
year.
Light bulbs
Low energy bulbs have always been a bright idea – for your pocket and
the environment. They use up to 80 per cent less electricity than a standard bulb,
but produce the same amount of light and last far longer.
Switching over to them in your home saves money, and helps to fight
climate change.
Transport – travelling climate consciously
Mobility is one area where personal carbon accounts differ widely, from
jetting around the world to walking everywhere, from driving an SUV to taking
the train or cycling.
If you leave your car at home and take a bike to work for example, you
can cut your annual CO2 emission by half a ton.
Buses and rail systems are three times more fuel-efficient than private
cars. Urban rail systems are the most efficient – and they will be even cleaner in
future when they are running on green energy.
If you have to drive – shrink your car! Go for a hybrid or a car that gets 60
mpg – or check out the electric options that will soon be available.
And finally, fly only when you really have to. Look for alternatives to
business trips like phone or video conferencing. On shorter routes, rail travel is
quick and much more climate friendly.
11. Are the sentences true or false?
1) We should be scared of reducing our energy demand.
Английский язык для студентов-бакалавров неязыковых специальностей…
36
2) Insulating buildings is expensive.
3) Consumer electronics is the biggest user of domestic electricity.
4) Sophisticated gadgets use less electricity.
5) Appliances on standby account for 45 per cent of electricity used in the
home.
6) Low energy bulbs help to fight climate change.
7) Private cars are three times less fuel-efficient than buses and rail systems.
8) Urban rail systems run on green energy.
9) Planes are quick and climate friendly.
12. Match to read ten energy saving tips.
1) Buy only the most energy efficient
2) If you’re not using it,
3) Put a stop to standby energy waste –
4) Use energy saving
5) Get rid of old
6) Take a shower
7) Don’t use a tumble drier –
8) Save on laundry –
9) Don’t heat your home
10) If you have a car,
a) switch it off.
b) leave it at home whenever
possible.
c) products you can find.
d) light bulbs.
e) wash at low temperatures.
f) more than necessary.
g) instead of a bath.
h) energy-guzzling appliances.
i) hang up your washing to dry.
j) and save money.
Listening
Plastic pollution
1. Study the following words, word combinations and their Russian
equivalents before listening:
pollution – загрязнение,
‘Great Pacific Garbage Patch’ – Тихоокеанский мусорный остров,
to explain – объяснять,
garbage (Am.) – мусор,
rubbish (Br.) – мусор,
area – область,
the Pacific Ocean – Тихий океан,
Unit 4. Global problems
37
to collect – собирать,
to discover – открыть,
essentially – существенно,
to float – плавать,
horrible – ужасный,
to exist – существовать,
scary – пугающий,
square mile – квадратная миля,
frightening – пугающий,
mammal – млекопитающее,
turtle – черепаха,
Dutch – голландский,
marine – морской,
worldwide – повсеместно,
species род, – разновидность, вид,
stomach – желудок,
to vary – отличаться,
fishing net – рыболовная сеть,
rope – веревка,
apparently – очевидно,
litter – мусор,
biodegradable – биоразлагаемый,
plastic packaging – пластиковая упаковка,
society – общество,
to discard – выбрасывать,
to lower – снижать,
plastic waste – пластиковый мусор,
scientist – ученый,
to reduce – сокращать,
to re-use – использовать повторно,
to recycle – перерабатывать,
lucky – удачливый,
entire week – вся неделя.
Английский язык для студентов-бакалавров неязыковых специальностей…
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2. Listen to two BBC reporters discuss plastic pollution and complete the
gaps in sentences 1-8 with up to three words. Numbers count as one word.
1) The patch was discovered in 1997 and basically consists of a big
…………………….. of plastic garbage.
2) The patch is 600,000 …………………….. .
3) Every year, pollution kills a million sea birds and ……………………..
mammals and turtles.
4) According to Jan van Franeker, what biologists are finding in the stomachs of
sea birds is …………………….. and parts from fishing nets and ropes.
5) It seems that 80% of all the plastic litter in the sea has been
…………………….. on land originally.
6) According to marine ecologist Richard Thompson, 40% of the plastic
products made every year are …………………….. that we then discard.
7) The three R’s Dan mentions stand for …………………….. ,
…………………….. and …………………….. .
8) Kate thinks she’s very lucky because she has all her plastics and glass
collected …………………….. .
39
КЛЮЧИ К ЗАДАНИЯМ (UNITS 1– 4)
Unit 1. Technology & How We Communicate
1. 1,a,3) 2,d,2) 3,c,1) 4,b,4)
2.
Present Simple
Present
Continuous
Present Perfect
Past simple
provide (2)
top
can
allow (2)
allows (3)
do
can
use
make
offer
may
is replacing
has become
has changed
has become
has increased
replaced
3.
1) Technology has transformed the way we communicate.
2) People communicate through emails, faxes, Mobile phones, texting
services, video conferences, video chat rooms and social media channels.
3) Today, every business uses technology in its own way to reach the media
and targeted consumers.
4) Keeping in touch with friends is very important, so text messaging
services have solved this problem by creating mobile phone apps, which
enable you to text your buddies on instant for free.
5) Gone are the days when you had to lie your parents about your location.
6) Even though social networks are trying to replace email communication;
there is certain information which users can not exchange via social
networks.
7) Social media apps such as Facebook or Instagram help us communicate
more often with those we may have not talked to so often beforehand
8) These changes in our communication technology have brought about some
ethical issues such as privacy and cyberbullying.
Английский язык для студентов-бакалавров неязыковых специальностей…
40
9) Facebook and other companies such as Google watch what you do online
and sell that information to advertisers which is an invasion of our privacy,
yet we agreed to it in their terms and conditions.
10) Cyberbullying is becoming a major issue especially since “over half
of adolescents and teens have been bullied online, and about the same
number have engaged in cyber bullying”.
4. Top the list, handwritten, get a response, free email accounts, share
information, in real time, join chat rooms, complete strangers, Internet
connection, place video calls, cellular phone, stay connected, access social
networking websites, send an email message, see updates
5. 1c, 2g, 3d, 4a, 5e, 6b, 7f, 8i, 9h
6.
7.
1) We can communicate faster and more cost-effectively.
2) We have access to more information.
3) We communicate with a different style.
4) We have more choices of how to communicate.
We are now troubled about our private information.
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