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Файл:Практический курс перевода. Учебное пособие
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Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение высшего образования
«Оренбургский государственный университет»
Н.А. Белова, У.С. Баймуратова
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ КУРС ПЕРЕВОДА
Рекомендовано Ученым советом федерального государственного
бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования
«Оренбургский государственный университет» в качестве учебного
пособия для студентов, обучающихся по программам высшего образования
по направлению подготовки 45.03.02 Лингвистика
Оренбург
2016
2
УДК 811.111’255(075.8)
ISBN 978-5-7410-1391-5
© Белова Н.А., Баймуратова У.С., 2016
© ОГУ, 2016
ББК 81.432.1-8я73
Б43
Рецензент – кандидат филологических наук Л.А. Ласица
Белова, Н.А.
Б43 Практический курс перевода: учебное пособие / Н.А. Белова;
У.С. Баймуратова; Оренбургский гос. ун-т. – Оренбург: ОГУ, 2016.
– 122 с.
ISBN 978-5-7410-1391-5
Учебное пособие предназначено для обеспечения аудиторной и
внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы студентов-бакалавров,
изучающих перевод и переводоведение. Пособие рекомендовано к
применению на занятиях по переводу и ориентировано на перевод с
английского языка на русский и с русского на английский.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов направления подготовки
45.03.02 – Лингвистика, профиль «Перевод и переводоведение».
ББК 81.432.1-8я73
УДК 811.111’255(075.8)
3
Содержание
Введение………………………………………………………………..........
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1 Assignment ………………………………………………. …………………..
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2 Assignment …………………………………………………………………….
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11 Assignment .…………………………………………………………………...
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12 Assignment ……………………………………………………………………
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13 Assignment ……………………………………………………………………
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Список использованных источников…………………………………………..
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Приложение А. Article Rendering………………………………………...
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Приложение Б. Active Vocabulary………………………………………………
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Введение
Учебное пособие по переводу предназначено для студентов вуза,
обучающихся по программам высшего профессионального образования по
направлению подготовки 45.03.02 «Лингвистика» и может быть использовано в
качестве дополнения к основному учебному материалу для дисциплин
«Практический курс перевода первого языка», «Устный перевод первого
иностранного языка», «Устный перевод второго иностранного языка».
Тексты пособия аутентичны, отличаются высокой информативностью,
жанровым и стилистическим разнообразием и представляют собой материалы
из журнальных и газетных аналитических статей, научно-популярных статей,
отрывки их художественных произведений.
Пособие направлено на решение следующих учебных задач:
- расширить словарный запас студентов как активный, так и пассивный;
- обеспечить закрепление и активизацию лексического материала;
- сформировать первичные навыки перевода с английского языка на
русский и с русского на английский;
- развить умения и навыки разных видов говорения, в том числе ведение
беседы и дискуссии, выступления с сообщением и докладом.
Названные задачи определяют структуру пособия, которое состоит из 13
уроков. К пособию прилагается аудио CD с упражнениями на аудирование.
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1 Assignment
I. Read and translate the following text.
Life – Lengthening Hormone Found in Mouse
Scientists have identified a hormone that significantly extends the life span
of mice, a discovery that could mark a crucial step toward development drugs that
boost longevity in people. The hormone is the first substance identified that is
produced naturally in mammals, including humans, and can extend life-span – a long
– sought goal in the intense effort to help people live longer. Much more work is
needed to study the substance, and investigate whether the hormone or a similar
compound would be effective and safe in people, experts cautioned. But the
discovery opens highly promising avenues for research and provides tantalizing new
clues toward deciphering the basic biology of aging.
“This is a significant discovery. It’s an exciting paper,” said Anna
McCormick of the National Institute on Aging, which helped fund the new research,
published online yesterday by the journal Science. “It’s definitely the way you would
go about designing molecules that would promote healthy aging and longevity in
people.
Makoto Kuroo of the University of Texas’s Southwestern Medical Center
at Dallas, who led the research, said, “This could provide a key to understanding the
molecular mechanisms of aging and opens up new areas to the potential therapy for
multiple age-related diseases in humans”. The discovery was triggered by a study
Kuroo and his colleagues published in 1997. That study identified a gene in mice
that, when damaged, caused the animals to experience all the hallmarks of aging in
humans – hardening of the arteries, thinning bones, withered skin, weak lungs – and
to die prematurely. They dubbed the gene Klotho, for the Greek goddess who spins
the thread of life. Suspecting the gene may play a role in regulating life span, Kuroo
and his colleagues genetically engineered mice with overactive Klotho genes. In the
6
latest experiments, they found that these animals lived an average of 20 to 30 percent
longer than normal – 2, 4 to 2, 6 years a normal life span of about two years without
any signs of ill effects, according to the new report.
“The extension of life span is widely accepted as a reliable marker for the
suppression of aging,” Kuroo said. “This shows the Klotho gene regulates aging.
“The researchers then identified a small protein component, called a peptide that the
gene produces and found it circulating in the animals’ blood at double the normal
level. After isolating and purifying the substance and reproducing it through genetic
engineering techniques, the researchers injected the substance into normal mice.
Tests on those animals, combined with experiments involving cells in the laboratory,
indicate that the substance modulates a crucial biological pathway involved in an
array of basic metabolic functions that has become the focus of aging research in
recent years. “It’s a pathway that has been conserved by evolution that has been
found to play a key role in regulating life span for flies, worms, mice and probably
humans,” Kuroo said. Studies, for example, suggest that damping down this pathway
known as the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway may be the mechanism
that extends longevity in animals that are fed an ultra-low-calorie diet. The Klotho
hormone appears to have a similar effect, Kuroo said. “Our work shows that the
Klotho gene is an aging-suppressor gene,” he said.
Other researchers said the findings were remarkable because no one had
previously found a naturally occurring hormone capable of extending the life span of
a mammal.
“You have lots of ways to shorten the life of an animal, but it’s hard to get
an animal to live longer,” said George M. Martin of the University of Washington,
who is scientific director of the American Federation for Aging Research. “You can
kick a radio to make it not work so well, but it’s hard to make it work better. It’s quite
a wonderful discovery.”
Kuroo and his colleagues plan to inject the substance into normal mice to
see whether it extends their life spans and to measure the substance in humans to
determine whether levels of the protein are correlated with longevity. Previous
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research has shown that humans have the protein in their blood, and that people with
a certain variation of the gene are prone to age-related diseases such as heart attacks,
strokes and osteoporosis.
Scientists will have to determine whether the protein can be produced in
sufficient quantities to use it as a drug. It may turn out that other substances that
mimic the protein’s effects would also work or be safer, Kuroo said. “That might be
more practical,” he said.
Kuroo and others cautioned, however, that agents that appear effective and
safe in mice often produce complications in humans. The hormone, for example,
appears to decrease the effectiveness of insulin, which could limit its usefulness.
“It appears to play a role in the same pathway in people, but that doesn’t
necessarily mean it’s going to be as straightforward to extend life span in people as it
is in mice,” said Valter Longo of the University of Southern California. “But this
adds a new component to our picture and perhaps a component that could extend life
span with few ill effects.”
Beyond the possible clinical applications, other researchers said the finding
underscores the growing understanding of the basic biology of aging.
“Papers like this are filling in the pieces of the puzzle that will explain the
evolutionary biology of aging,” said L. Stephen Coles of the School of Medicine.
II. Supply the following words with translation. Learn the words with
their definitions.
1) to identify – to discover or recognize;
2) hormone – any of several substance directed from organs of the body into
the blood so as to influence growth, development etc.;
3) mammal – an animal of the type which is fed when young on milk from the
mother’s body;
4) research – serious and detailed study of a subject, that is aimed at learning
new facts, scientific laws, testing ideas;
5) to decipher – to read or find the meaning of smth. difficult or secret, esp. a
code;
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6) longevity – long life; length of life;
7) hallmark – a particular quality, way of behavior etc. that is very typical of a
certain person or thing;
8) reliable – that may be trusted; dependable;
9) to isolate – to keep apart, separate from others;
10) to purify – to make pure;
11) to indicate – to show or make clear, esp. by means of a sign; to point to;
12) to feed – to give food to;
13) remarkable – worth mentioning, esp. because unusual or noticeable;
14) to correlate – to have a close shared relationship or connection of cause and
effect;
15) to be prone to – to suffer (usually smth. undesirable);
16) heart attack – a sudden serious medical condition in which the heart stops
working properly;
17) stroke – an occasion when a blood tube in the brain suddenly is blocked,
which damages the brain and can cause loss of the ability to move some part
of the body.
III. Complete the sentences below with the words written above.
1. Finland is … for the large number of its lakes.
2. They are carrying out some … on the effects of brain damage.
3. This fascination with small details is one of the … of her painting.
4. They have now … the main cause of the problem.
5. People … more … to make mistakes when they are tired.
6. Several villages have been … by the flood.
7. He has got a big family – lots of hungry mouths …
8. Research … that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.
9. She may forget to come – she is not very …
10. This salt has been … for use in medicine.
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IV. Make a two-way translation.
Longevity; способствовать долголетию людей; a significant discovery;
большой шаг вперед; heart attack; ключ к пониманию; to extend life span;
признаки старения; stroke; низкокалорийная диета; weak lungs; замечательное
открытие; to shorten the life of an animal; надежный; to decipher;
млекопитающее; to be prone to.
V. Retell the text in Russian and in English according to the suggested
scheme (see p.121-122).
VI. Translate the following text in English. Use the words and phrases
given below.
Легенда длиною в 595 дней
Ко многим томам клинических исследований больных, перенесших
операцию пересадки сердца, добавилось несколько страничек, написанных
человеком, далеким от медицины, вдовой доктора Филиппа Блайберга. Того,
кто в течение 595 дней был символом веры энтузиастов пересадки.
- Все это время мой муж вел мучительную двойную жизнь, рассказывает Эйлин Блайберг. – Он сознательно обманывал мир. Это была его
месть за страдание.
На людях Блайберг выглядел бодрым, плавал, играл в регби, пил с
журналистами, посещал ночные клубы. Но, говорит вдова Блайберга, каждый
такой рекламный жест стоил ему невыносимого напряжения и многих
последующих недель агонии в постели. После знаменитого матча в регби в мае
1968 года он пролежал в больнице почти четыре месяца. Блайберг был
вынужден поглощать огромное количество лекарств: от 32 до 100 таблеток
ежедневно. Эти лекарства не могли не разрушить его организм. Миссис
Блайберг вспоминает, что во время вскрытия врачи были поражены тем, что ее
муж вообще мог самостоятельно передвигаться – до такой степени были
разрушены мышечные и костные ткани.
10
Мой муж охотно раздавал платные интервью и старательно улыбался
1.
The retirement age may soon be extended for university majors.
T / F
2.
Early retirement may one day be consigned to the history books.
T / F
3.
We may be hanging up our boots when we are 85 instead of 65.
T / F
4.
Modern economies are well able to cope with ageing societies.
T / F
5.
Many people in the developed world could well live beyond 100.
T / F
6.
Geneticists will lock the key to ageing.
T / F
в объектив фоторепортеров, потому что предчувствовал близкую смерть и
хотел, пока не поздно, обеспечить свою семью.
Филипп Блайберг успел написать книгу о своем возрождении к жизни.
Он писал о себе, как об абсолютно здоровом человеке, возвращенном ко всем
радостям бытия. Он стал легендарным при жизни и делал все, чтобы эта
легенда казалась правдой.
______________________________________________________
The legend that lasted 595 days; clinical research; to undergo a transplantation of the
heart; far from medicine; Dr. Philip Bleiberg; to be a symbol for; to lead a double life
full of suffering; deliberately; to be one’s revenge for suffering; to the world; to look
healthy; cheerful; a publicity stunt; to mean suffering; a rugby match; to take
enormous doses of medicine; couldn’t but destroy; an autopsy; muscular and bone
tissue; to give paid interviews; to smile into the camera’s eye; to know that one’s
days are counted; to provide for one’s family; return to life; the joys of living; to do
one’s best to live up to the legend.
VII. Listening: Retirement age may be extended to 85
1. Before listening
1.1 True / False. Look at the article’s headline and guess whether these
sentences are true (T) or false (F):
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