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Файл:Практический курс перевода. Учебное пособие
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To be unforgettable as the cold, impassive and ruthless Michael Corleone, to turn in a
1.
A children’s Internet site has listed 50 all-time great kids’ movies.
T / F
2.
More than 70 eminent film critics helped compile the list.
T / F
3.
All of the movies are Hollywood blockbusters.
T / F
4.
All of the movies are in English.
T / F
5.
It is suggested that movies should be part of the school curriculum.
T / F
6.
Movies are a part of children’s heritage.
T / F
7.
The list is largely about protecting children from bad influences.
T / F
8.
Girls are the central characters in most of the movies.
T / F
a)
must-see
1) dispute
b)
compiled
2) distinguished
c)
eminent
3) heap
string of powerful performances in, “Dog Day Afternoon”, “Scarface” and “Heat”,
“Scent of a Woman”, to reinvent the western, “Unforgiven”, an inappropriate
response to, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, true talent goes
unacknowledged, to reach an unsound verdict, “None But the Lonely Heart”,
"wrong" role, to call to the podium, to receive an honorary award "for his unique
mastery of the art of screen acting, a laudable sentiment, to pick up the Irving
Thalberg Memorial Award, “Pulp Fiction”, to be given an honorary statuette "for
superlative artistry and versatility", “Schindler's List”.
VII. Listening: The 50 must-see children’s films
1. Before listening
1.1 True / False. Look at the article’s headline and guess whether these
sentences are true (T) or false (F):
1.2 Synonym match. Match the following synonyms from the article:
92
d)
eclectic
4) failings
e)
pile
5) diverse
f)
scholastic
6) equal
g)
on a par
7) essential viewing
h)
shortcomings
8) prevalence
i)
contention
9) academic
j)
preponderance
10) put together
1.3 Phrase match. Match the following phrases from the article
a)
a must-see
1) array of…
b)
a survey of more than 70
2) children’s heritage
c)
The result is an eclectic
3) with literature and art
d)
and more obscure
4) eminent movie critics
e)
top of
5) shortcomings of the list
f)
on a par
6) the pile
g)
films are a part of
7) for under-14-year olds
h)
The website also notes some
8) of cultural diversity
i)
Points of possible
9) releases
(sometimes more than one combination is possible):
2. Listen and fill in the spaces.
The British Film Institute (BFI) has _______ a list of 50 movies that are a
must-see for under-14-year olds. The list was _______ from a survey of more than 70
_______ movie critics, who were asked to _______ their ten most recommended
children’s movies from around the world. The result is an eclectic _______ of
familiar Hollywood blockbusters, such as ET and Toy Story, and more _______
releases such as Where is the Friend’s House, an Iranian movie released in 1987. The
film that came top of the _______ is Hayao Miyazaki’s 2001 movie Spirited Away,
which won an Oscar for best _______. Five of the top ten movies are not in English.
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The BFI wants to encourage parents and schools to _______ film as a
serious scholastic subject, on a _______ with literature and art. It also highlights the
fact that films are a part of children’s _______ and are something that people
passionately _______ about. The top-50 list is intended to _______ the movies that
children should see rather than those they shouldn’t. The BFI website points out that:
“most public debate about children’s film viewing focuses on protection rather than
_______.” The website also notes some _______ of the list: “Points of possible
_______ include…the relative lack of cultural diversity and the preponderance of
boys as central characters.”
3. Discussion.
3.1 STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
1. What did you think when you first read this headline?
2. Did the headline make you want to read the article?
3. What do you think of must-see movie lists?
4. Are you surprised five of the top ten are not in English?
5. Have you seen or would you like to see the four movies mentioned in the first
paragraph?
6. How have kids’ movies changed over the years?
7. Do you prefer Hollywood kids’ movies or non-American ones?
8. Does your country produce wonderful children’s movies?
9. Do you think girls will ever become serious movie heroes?
10. What was the first movie you saw at the cinema?
3.2 STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
1. Did you like reading this article?
2. What did you think about what you read?
3. What is your favorite kids’ movie?
4. Don’t you think children would become fat if they watched 50 movies?
5. What makes a good children’s movie?
6. Do you think children’s movies are getting better?
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7. Do you prefer kids’ movies that have real people in them rather than computer
graphics?
8. Do you think movies should be studied at school?
9. Do you think movies are an important part of a child’s heritage?
4. Translate the text into Russian in a written form.
95
11 Assignment
I. Read and translate the following text.
Brain Exercises Can Cut Years off the Mental Age of the Over - 60s
Brain exercises can cut years off the mental age of the over-60s, improving
memory and delaying decline, the British Association science festival was told
yesterday. Cognitive exercises and mental stimulation – such as crossword puzzles
can keep the brain up to 14 years younger, Ian Robertson, of Trinity College Dublin,
said. “The brain is plastic, shaped by what we do,” he said. “We are all getting
healthier and living longer, but the biggest threat as the population ages is to the
function of the brain.”
Over-60s who took part in a four-month programme of aerobic exercise –
enough to make them breathe harder, and their heart to beat faster – showed
improvements in mental abilities. The benefits were especially marked in the frontal
lobes of the brain, which are involved in the ability to organise, make decisions, show
initiative, have a sense of humour, pay attention and remember things. Exercise
works by generating a chemical that encourages the growth of new brain cells and
new brain connections; by increasing serotonin levels, which control mood; and by
causing new blood vessels to grow to nourish the brain. “For the over-50s, exercise is
a sort of wonder-drug that makes you more mentally agile, less forgetful and delays
the loss of sharpness,” Professor Robertson said. A good diet is also important, with
foods high in saturated fats speeding mental decline. Stress can also be damaging if
it is severe and prolonged.
Professor Robertson, whose new book is entitled Stay Sharp, said that brain
exercises were a useful way of maintaining memory, the first part of the brain to
show its decline. The idea is to shake the brain out of lazy habits and return it to the
way it was in youth. “One of the reasons our memories let us down as we get older is
that we don’t attack the information with the same brain vigour as when we were
96
young,” he said. This has been observed in brain-scanning experiments. When a
group of young people were given a list of words to memorise, their brains showed a
healthy surge of activity in the left side of the frontal lobe, as well as in the main
memory centre in the hippocampus. But, when 70-year-olds were given the same
task, they did not switch on the left frontal lobe nearly as much, and this is probably
why they did not remember as well.
But older people can reactivate this type of learning by “attacking” the
memory task more systematically, a process the cognitive psychologist Fergus
Craik, of the University of Toronto, calls “depth of encoding”. The basic principle is
to add extra mental processing to the memory task to activate the frontal lobes. This
training, combined with activities that keep the brain working, can have remarkable
results. Professor Robertson cited a study of 3,000 people aged between 65 and 94,
who used memory strategies, were trained in problem-solving, or who speeded up
their reactions with a computer game.
When compared with a control group who did none of these things, the
groups who were trained had an increase in brain function roughly equal to the
decline expected in 7 to 14 years of ageing. “The training, in other words, took on
average a decade off the cognitive age of these volunteers,” Professor Robertson
said. “As the population ages, people are going to have to stay mentally active
longer. In the future we are going to have to maintain our brains just as much as our
bodies.”
Practice memorizing a list by associating each item with an image. This
activates more circuits in the brain, increasing memory power. Imagine going on a
familiar walk and associating each item on the list with a landmark on the walk. You
could imagine leaving each item at a different point – a bottle of milk at the postbox,
a loaf at a neighbor’s door Chunk things that are difficult to remember into more
digestible bits. Long lists of digits, such as telephone numbers, are easier to
remember in groups of three. Doing this improves both memory and attention. When
reading a newspaper, construct a mental précis first by reading the headline and
skimming the story quickly for facts. What it is about? Who are the protagonists?
97
Form a mental picture of the story, and then read it properly. The pre-prepared
structure will improve how much is remembered.
Attention is the royal road to success, Professor Robertson said. “We can
drive to work and not remember a single thing about the journey, because the
attention system of the frontal lobes is turned off.” To prevent this, learn to pause and
think. Ask questions: Where am I? What am I doing? The aim is to activate the
attention systems and exercise the brain. Play games that need high mental activity –
crosswords, or computer games. By gradually stretching mental abilities, games like
these can slow the brain’s decline.
II. Supply the following words with translation. Learn the words with
their definitions.
1) to delay – to put off to a later time; defer;
2) decline – gradual deterioration or loss;
3) cognitive – of or relating to cognition;
4) to breathe – to take in oxygen from (the surrounding medium, esp. air) and
give out carbon dioxide; respire;
5) benefit – something that improves or promotes; advantage or sake;
6) to encourage – to stimulate (something or someone to do something) by
approval or help; support;
7) cell – the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms;
8) vessel – a tubular structure that transports such body fluids as blood and
lymph;
9) to nourish – to provide with the materials necessary for life and growth;
10) agile – 1) quick in movement; nimble; 2) mentally quick or acute;
11) to maintain – 1) to continue or retain; keep in existence 2) to keep in
proper or good condition;
12) surge – a strong rush or sweep; sudden increase;
13) digestible – capable of being digested or easy to digest;
14) to skim – to read (a book) in a superficial or cursory manner.
98
III. Complete the sentences below with the words written above.
1. We decided …………. our holiday until next month.
2. There has been a sharp ……………… in profits this year.
3. Part of her job is ……………….. good relations with our suppliers.
4. Finland is ……………………….. for the large number of its lakes.
5. A ………………….. of demonstrations broke through the fence.
6. I’ve ………………. the report but I haven’t had time to look at it in detail.
IV. Make a two-way translation.
Умственные упражнения, cognitive exercises, демонстрировать
улучшение умственных способностей, to take decisions, познавательные
упражнения, a sense of humor, принимать решения, to let smb. down, ускорить
спад умственной деятельности, to improve memory, хороший способ сохранить
память, a royal way to success, повышать внимательность, лучший путь к
успеху.
V. Retell the text in Russian and in English according to the suggested
scheme (see p. 121-122).
VI. Translate the following text in English. Use the words and phrases
given below.
Прогулки на природе повышают умственные способности
Чтобы повысить свой творческий потенциал, отправляйтесь на
природу, но без гаджетов. Таковы рекомендации американских психологов.
В экспериментах участвовали 30 мужчин и 26 женщин в возрасте в
среднем около 28 лет. Перед походом и после него добровольцы проходили
творческий тест на определение словесных ассоциаций. Испытуемым
предлагалось найти к набору из трех слов еще одно слово, которое бы
подходило ко всем трем. Тест состоял из 10 вопросов. Как показали результаты,
до начала похода его участники правильно ответили в среднем только на 4
99
вопроса. После возвращения из похода, спустя четыре дня, добровольцы
1.
A university said bilingual people have more powerful brains.
T / F
2.
Researchers say studying languages increases our ability to focus.
T / F
3.
Listening to other languages activates a newly-found part of the brain.
T / F
4.
The researchers say bilingualism enhances attention and memory.
T / F
5.
The study says bilingual people are better at crossword puzzles.
T / F
6.
Researchers say good things come automatically with bilingualism.
T / F
смогли одолеть уже в среднем 6 вопросов.
Ранее исследования показали, что пребывание на природе усиливает
концентрацию внимания. Но теперь ученые впервые установили связь между
влиянием природы и умственными способностями человека, его мышлением.
"Природа, похоже, один из самых эффективных способов усилить
креативное мышление, отложив все заботы", - отметил автор исследования
Дэвид Штрейер, профессор из Университета Юты. По его словам, вызывает
беспокойство тот факт, что нахождение человека в современной городской
среде с ее развитыми технологиями постоянно исчерпывает природные силы
организма. Психолог настоятельно рекомендовал людям, собирающимся
отправиться в поход или на прогулку, оставлять дома сотовые телефоны и
другие гаджеты.
____________________________________________________
Creative power, on the average, to intensify, to establish a connection (with), to get in
touch (with), advantageous process, to postpone, exhaust, urgently.
VII. Listening: Being Bilingual Boosts Brainpower.
1. Before listening
1.1 True / False. Read the headline. Guess if a-h below are true (T) or
false (F).
100
7.
The researchers said bilinguals are good at juggling different objects.
T / F
8.
A professor said bilinguals totally ignore irrelevant sounds.
T / F
1.2 Synonym match. Match the following synonyms from the article.
1)
evidence
a)
especially
2)
investigated
b)
triggers
3)
enhances
c)
advantageous
4)
activates
d)
proof
5)
ancient
e)
intelligent
6)
beneficial
f)
boosts
7)
sharp
g)
deals with
8)
dual
h)
inquired into
9)
particularly
i)
twin
10)
juggles
j)
old
1)
biological
a)
part of the brain
2)
how bilingualism
b)
irrelevant sounds
3)
attention
c)
to attention
4)
an ancient
d)
for the brain
5)
real consequences when it comes
e)
sharp
6)
so beneficial
f)
linguistic input
7)
keep their minds
g)
evidence
8)
She said bilinguals were
h)
span
9)
The bilingual juggles
i)
better listeners
10)
relevant versus
j)
affects the brain
1.3 Phrase match. Match the following phrases from the article
(Sometimes more than one choice is possible).
2. Listen and fill in the gaps.
A study by the USA's Northwestern University _____________ evidence
that people who are bilingual have a more powerful brain. Drs Viorica Marian and
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