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Файл:Практический курс перевода. Учебное пособие
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spouse, financial _________ __ _____ _________ events. The message is to keep in
touch if you want to live longer.
3. Discussion.
3.1 STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
1. Were you surprised by this headline?
2. What do you think of this new study?
3. Do you agree with the study that friends are more important than family to help
you live longer?
4. Would you rather be surrounded by friends or family at 70?
5. Do you think life is less stressful for seniors?
6. Do you think friendships between 70-year-olds are stronger than those between
younger friends?
7. Do the old people you know have wonderful friendships?
3.2 STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
1. Did you like reading this article?
2. Do you think you’ll have lots of good friends when you’re 70?
3. What recreational and social activities do you expect to be doing in your
seventies?
4. Will you have a party for your 70th birthday?
5. What hobbies or interests will you continue into your seventies?
6. When you’re 70, do you think you’ll still have ambitions?
4. Translate the text into Russian in a written form.
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3 Assignment
I. Read and translate the following text.
Beethoven Died from Lead Poising
By focusing the most powerful X-ray beam in the Western hemisphere on
six of Ludwig Van Beethoven’s hairs and a few pieces of his skull, scientists have
gathered what they say is conclusive evidence that the famous composer died of lead
poisoning. The work, done at the Energy Department’s Argonne National Laboratory
outside of Chicago, confirms earlier hints that lead may have caused Beethoven’s
decades of poor health, which culminated in a long and painful death in 1827 at age
56.
“There is no doubt in my mind … he was a victim of lead poisoning”, said
Bill Walsh, an expert in forensic analysis and chief scientist at Pfeiffer Treatment
Center in Warrenville, who led the study with energy department researcher Ken
Kemner. Still a mystery, however, is the source of Beethoven’s lead exposure, which
evidence now suggests occurred over many years. Among the possibilities is his
liberal indulgence in wine consumed from lead cups or perhaps a lifetime of medical
treatments, which in the 19th century were often laced with heavy metals.
The work was done at Argonne’s Advanced Photon Source, a $467 million
high-tech facility that sends subatomic particles sailing around a circular half-milelong track at velocities up to 99.999 percent of the speed of light. When electrons are
whipped around that tubular tunnel they emit X-rays that are 100 times as bright as
the surface of the sun. Scientists can divert those rays toward tiny samples in need of
analysis. As those X-rays hit atoms in a sample, they knock other electrons out of
place, causing a brief release of energy whose signature is specific to the types of
atoms present. Many of the atoms in Beethoven’s body were lead atoms, it turns out.
The hair samples clocked in at 60 parts per million, or about 100 times higher than
normal. The bone samples were also extremely high in lead, though technical
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problems kept the team from getting a precise number for those samples. The hair
samples were from an authenticated lock of Beethoven’s hair purchased by a
collector from Sotheby’s several years ago.
Preliminary studies completed on two of those hairs in 2000 suggested high
levels of lead but were not definitive and left open the question of whether they were
the result of short-term or chronic exposure. Moreover, the method used at that time
destroyed the hairs - an approach the owner was not willing to repeat. Argonne's Xray technique is nondestructive. Moreover, it offered Kemner a chance to further his
research, which aims to develop ways to clean up heavy-metal contamination. A
major goal is to develop soil-dwelling bacteria that can consume dangerous elements
and render them relatively harmless. The hairs were the smallest things Kemner had
ever analyzed with the X-ray beam. In part because of that success, he has since
moved on to measuring heavy-metal levels in individual bacteria, which are 100th the
diameter of those hairs.
The skull relics are the property of a California businessman who inherited
them through various relatives from his great-great uncle, who was a doctor in
Austria. The lead analysis has been complete for more than a year, Walsh and
Kemner said in a telephone interview yesterday. But the two were sworn to secrecy
until the businessman received the test results comparing the bone DNA to that in the
hairs.
Those tests, recently completed, came back somewhat short of definitive,
but the provenance of the bones is "absolutely clear," said William Meredith, a
Beethoven scholar and director of the Center for Beethoven Studies at San Jose State
University in California. Beethoven developed serious health problems in his early
twenties, which grew worse over time and reflected many of the symptoms of lead
poisoning, including severe stomach problems. The composer was deaf by his late
twenties, a problem of questionable relevance because deafness has only rarely been
associated with lead poisoning. But with his many health problems, it is not hard to
imagine that medicine itself may have done him in, Meredith said. "He was
diagnosed with lots of things, and he was prescribed lots of different treatments." If
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nothing else, he said, some medicines may have leached the metal from leaded glass
medicine bottles. Although the new work leaves the question of the lead's source
frustratingly unanswered, it is an important contribution, Meredith said. "There have
been many doctors who have theorized about what ailed Beethoven," he said. “but
this is actual science versus interpreting someone else’s description of symptoms”.
II. Supply the following words with translation. Learn the words with
their definitions.
1) skull – the bone of the head, which encloses the brain;
2) conclusive – putting an end to doubt or uncertainty;
3) indulgence – the habit or activity of indulging in something, esp. too
much food or alcohol;
4) to lace (with) – to add a small amount of something strong to a drink;
5) to emit – to send out (heat, light, smell, sound etc.); discharge;
6) to divert – to cause to turn aside or change from one use or direction to
another;
7) signature – a person’s name written by himself/herself at the end of a
letter or on a cheque or official paper as a mark that the document is authentic;
8) contamination – something that is impure, bad or dirty;
9) to inherit – to receive (property, a title etc) left by someone who has
died;
10) contribution – an amount of money given to a cause, charity;
11) victim – a person, animal or a thing that suffers pain, death, harm,
destruction etc, as a result of other people’s actions or of illness, bad luck etc.;
12) to confirm - to give formal approval to (a person, agreement, position
etc.);
13) to consume – to use up (time, money, goods etc);
14) an approach – a method of doing something or dealing with a problem.
III. Complete the sentences below with the words written above.
1. He has made an important ………………to the company’s.
2. She ……………… her husband’s bedtime drink …… poison.
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3. They returned her cheque because she hadn’t put her ……………on it.
4. If he dies without making a will, his closest relative will ……………
5. Sweets are my only …………………
6. He said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ………… his
acceptance in writing.
7. Four people were killed in the explosion, but police have not yet named the
……………
8. Arguing about details ………………… many hours of the committee’s
valuable time.
9. He hopes, that the doctors soon will find out a new ………… to cancer
treatment.
10. They ………………… the river to supply water to the town.
IV. Make a two-way translation.
Убедительные доказательства, to lace with, мучительная смерть,
contamination, эксперт по криминологическому анализу, to inherit,
пристрастие, conclusive evidence, вклад, indulgence, возглавлять исследование,
to make a contribution to, умереть от отравления свинцом, signature.
V. Retell the text in Russian and in English according to the suggested
scheme (see p. 121-122).
VI. Translate the following text in English. Use the words and phrases
given below.
Установлена истинная причина смерти Бетховена
Патологоанатом из Вены утверждает, что великого композитора
Людвига Ван Бетховена убил его врач, спровоцировав у музыканта случайную
передозировку свинцом в ходе некорректного лечения.
Другие исследователи, возможно, не разделяют его точку зрения,
однако один факт неоспорим: маэстро был очень серьезно болен перед смертью
в 1827 году. Предыдущее исследование показало, что Бетховен был отравлен
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свинцом. Ученые обнаружили наличие ядовитого метала в его волосах, а два
года назад и в костных фрагментах. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о
том, что именно отравление свинцом спровоцировало смерть композитора в
возрасте 57 лет.
Однако венский судмедэксперт Кристиан Рейтер утверждает, что ему
стало известно гораздо больше о смерти Бетховена после месяцев кропотливой
работы с использованием методик из области криминалистики.
Патологоанатом исследовал волосы композитора. Как сообщил
Рейтер, согласно его анализу, в последние месяцы жизни композитора
концентрация свинца в его теле увеличивалась, когда его начинал лечить от
брюшных болей врач Андреас Ваврух. Именно во время лечения смертельные
дозы свинца попали в организм Бетховена, поражая и без того больную печень,
что в конечном итоге послужило причиной его смерти.
Впрочем, по словам исследователя, врача нельзя обвинять в смерти
великого музыканта, так как он не знал, что у пациента больная печень. Только
после вскрытия, проведенного 26 марта 1827 года, доктора узнали, что
Бетховен страдал циррозом печени и водянкой желудка. По словам Рейтера,
пытаясь уменьшить страдания композитора, Ваврух неоднократно делал ему
пункцию желудка, а затем клал на рану компресс, содержавший свинец.
До того, как у Бетховена началась водянка, доктор Ваврух отметил в
своем дневнике, что за несколько месяцев до смерти композитора он лечил его
от воспаления легких солями, содержавшими свинец, что, по мнению
большинства ученых, повлияло на то, что стало истинной причиной смерти
композитора. Однако, как утверждает Рейтер, именно содержавшие свинец
мази, которые доктор Ваврух использовал для лечения Бетховена в последние
недели его жизни, послужили истинной причиной смерти композитора. Однако,
как утверждает Рейтер, именно содержавшие свинец мази, которые доктор
Ваврух использовал для лечения Бетховена в последние недели его жизни,
послужили истинной причиной его смерти.
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Анализ образцов волос показал, что "резкие скачки уровня
1.
Singer Bob Dylan recorded a new song called “Changed the world”.
T / F
2.
A Bob Dylan song was voted as a most important cultural event.
T / F
3.
Rock ‘n’ roll changed Bob Dylan’s face.
T / F
4.
A Bob Dylan song helped another singer through her adolescence.
T / F
содержания свинка в организме композитора" происходили четыре раза между
5 декабря 1826 года и 27 февраля 1827 года. Тогда Бетховен лично записал, что
находился на лечении у доктора Вавруха. "Каждый раз, когда ему делали
пункцию, содержание свинца в его волосах увеличивалось", - отмечает Рейтер.
В 2005 году специалисты Аргоннской национальной лаборатории
(штат Иллинойс), изучив кости черепа композитора при помощи мощнейшего
рентгеновского аппарата, заявили, Бетховен умер от высокой концентрации
свинца в организме - содержание этого металла было выше нормы в 100 раз.
Как утверждают токсикологи, длительное и регулярное отравление
могло проявляться в плохом пищеварении, хронических брюшных болях,
раздражительности и депрессии. По одной из версий, попадание доз свинца в
организм композитора, возможно, стало и причиной поразившей композитора
глухоты.
__________________________________________________________
Overdose, not to share one’s point of view, poisonous metal, expert in forensic
medicine, painstaking labour/uphill work, forensic science, abdominal pain, to be
accused of smth., autopsy, liver cirrhosis, dropsy, to apply a compress, above normal,
toxicologist, poor digestion
VII. Listening: Bob Dylan song “changed the world”
1. Before listening
1.1 True / False. Look at the article’s headline and guess whether these
sentences are true (T) or false (F):
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5.
Elvis Presley voted for Bob Dylan in the poll.
T / F
6.
There were no Beatles songs in the top ten.
T / F
7.
“Titanic” was voted as the most important film of the past 50 years.
T / F
8.
Most people on other continents would have voted for Bob Dylan.
T / F
1.2 Synonym match. Match the following synonyms from the article:
a)
compiled
1) endeavor
b)
spawning
2) apathetic
c)
rousing
3) commended
d)
indifferent
4) stirring
e)
mouthpiece
5) finished
f)
came in
6) distressing
g)
lauded
7) put together
h)
disturbing
8) spokesperson
i)
undertaking
9) influential
j)
seminal
10) originating
a)
topped
1) through adolescence
b)
industry experts cast
2) lauded the track
c)
credited with
3) different preferences
d)
It got me
4) their votes in the poll
e)
a mouthpiece for the
5) a poll
f)
Sir Paul McCartney
6) undertaking
g)
as if he is singing from
7) energy of that time
h)
a massive
8) artistic statement
i)
the most seminal
9) changing the face of rock ‘n’ roll
j)
express
10) the depths of hell
1.3 Phrase match. Match the following phrases from the article
(sometimes more than one combination is possible):
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2. Listen and fill in the spaces.
The 1965 Bob Dylan song “Like a Rolling Stone” has ________ a poll of
the most revolutionary moments in popular Western culture over the past five
decades. The British magazine Uncut ________ the list to find the 100 songs,
movies, books and TV shows that “changed the world”. ________ musicians, actors
and industry experts ________ their votes in the poll. Dylan’s influential track has
been ________ with changing the face of rock ‘n’ roll and spawning a new
generation of rock and punk rockers. Singer Patti Smith said of Dylan’s rousing
________: “It got me through adolescence.…If at that period you were indifferent, or
mentally half-asleep, that song ________ you into existence. He was a ________ for
the energy of that time.”
Elvis Presley’s classic “Heartbreak Hotel” ________ in second. Ex-Beatle
Sir Paul McCartney ________ the track, saying: "It's the way (Presley) sings it as if
he is singing from the depths of ________.… it’s all so beautiful. Musically, it’s
perfect.” The Beatles finished third with their 1963 hit “She Loves You”. The top
movie was Stanley Kubrick’s 1971 ________ film “A Clockwork Orange”, which
came fifth on the list. Uncut editor Allan Jones said: “This list has been a ________
undertaking…What we have been left with is Dylan as the most ________ artistic
statement of the last five decades - but I’m sure others will disagree.” It is ________
those in Africa, Asia and South America would ________ different preferences.
3. Discussion.
3.1 STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
1. What were your initial thoughts on this headline?
2. Did the headline make you want to read the article?
3. Do you agree with the headline?
4. What did you know about Bob Dylan?
5. What do you know about the song “Like A Rolling Stone”?
6. What songs, movies, TV shows and books do you think have changed the
world?
7. What aspects of your popular culture have changed the world?
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8. Which singer, actor, or writer from your country has changed the face of your
culture?
9. Did you need anything to get you through adolescence?
10. What do you think of rock ‘n’ roll?
3.2 STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
1. Did you like reading this article?
2. What did you think about what you read?
3. Are Elvis Presley and The Beatles “everywhere” in your country?
4. Which do you like better, American or British culture?
5. What aspects of Western popular culture do you dislike?
6. What can Britain and America learn from your culture?
7. Are your favorite movies, songs and books from American/British culture or
your own?
8. Do you think Western culture has too much influence in your country?
9. Were (Are) you an indifferent, half-asleep teenager?
10. Did you like this discussion?
4. Translate the text into Russian in a written form.
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