Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 1 курс. Учебное пособие

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Настоящее учебное пособие по дисциплине «Практический курс английского языка» разработано для студентов первого курса с целью всестороннего развития их языковых навыков. Данное издание призвано служить комплексным справочным и учебным материалом, охватывающим ключевые аспекты английского языка.

Тематический охват пособия включает разделы «Relationships. Fitting in», «Appearance and Character», которые являются важными составляющими повседневной коммуникации на английском языке. Изучение данных тем позволит учащимся не только пополнить свой словарный запас, но и выработать умения вести диалог, описывать, сравнивать и аргументировать свою точку зрения.

Структура пособия предусматривает разноплановые виды языковой практики: упражнения на чтение, аудирование, письмо и перевод. Данный подход обеспечивает всестороннюю отработку материала и способствует эффективному усвоению полученныхзнаний.Крометого,визданиевключенкреативный блок, нацеленный на развитие творческих способностей обучающихся.

Автор выражает надежду, что учебное пособие станет надежным инструментом в процессе изучения английского языка для студентов первого курса и внесет значимый вклад в совершенствование их языковой компетенции.

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M o d u l e 1

RELATIONSHIPS. FITTING IN

Family relationships. Types of families. Child-parent relationships. Marriage and family life. Social relationships: friendships, romantic relationships, professional relationships. Technological impacts on relationships.

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Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 1 курс

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Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 1 курс

Task 1

Answer the questions and read the text paying attention to words in bold.

1.Do you think there is any difference between modern families and old ones?

2.In your opinion which family model is better: modern or old

one?

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Module 1. Relationships. Fitting in

3.What are the reasons in changing the image of family?

4.Think about the future of “family” concept, define 3 key elementsthatwillstaythesameandthinkaboutpossiblechangesofthe concept, express your opinion.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OLDAND MODERN FAMILIES

The family, as a social category, holds a unique position in humanhistoryandcivilization.Despiteitsancientorigins,itisfarfrom static, continuously evolving over time.This evolution has resulted in significant changes in the structure and role of the modern family compared to its traditional counterpart.

According to J. Runnney and Joseph Maier, the universal nature of the family does not dictate any specific structure, allowing for change and modification as societies evolve. Nimkoff and Ogburn note that the family has served various purposes and has undergone significant alterations throughout history, yet it remains a resilient and adaptable social unit.

Themodernfamily’sdistinctfeaturesarehighlightedbytwomajor shifts:

1. Transition to Single Family Structures:

The traditional joint family system of large multi-generational households has given way to smaller, single-family units.The modern family typically consists of parents and their young children, with grown children establishing separate households upon marriage, resulting in significantly smaller family sizes.

2. Shift to Individualistic Perspective:

The modern family has shifted from being a communal unit to embracing an individualistic viewpoint. Family members are dispersed, diversified, and engage in various occupations, reflecting more individualized perspectives and less communal ties.

3. Changing Status of Women:

The traditional low status and lack of personal identity and rights for women within the family have shifted significantly in modern times, allowing for greater freedom and independence.

In a modern family, a woman is not subordinate to her husband and is no longer viewed as his slave. Both spouses have the right to request a divorce and sue each other, highlighting the significant evolution of women’s status within the family.

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Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 1 курс

4. Economic Freedom for Women:

Today’s modern families provide women with economic independence, contrasting with traditional families where women relied entirely on men for their financial needs.Women are now employed outside the home and no longer feel obligated to marry for financial support. This economic reliance has empowered them to confront societal challenges on their own.

5. Rejection of Religious Control:

In contrast to traditional families, modern families have shifted away from religious traditions and ceremonies. Marriages are now viewed as civil transactions rather than religious ceremonies, and divorce is commonplace.

6. Reduced Influence of Marriage Contracts:

The modern family emphasizes individual autonomy in choosing a life partner, while traditional families promoted the idea of male dominance and female submission in marriage.

7. Decline in Non-Essential Tasks:

Modern families have relinquished a wide range of traditional family duties, with specialized agencies taking over these responsibilities. This shift enables modern families to focus mainly on essential functions, unlike traditional families whose roles were more diverse.

8. Evolution of Economic Roles:

Unliketraditionalfamilies,themodernfamilyisnolongersolely an economic unit. The traditional family engaged in both production and consumption, with all financial needs met within the family. However, modern families rely on external sources for many non-essential tasks and functions women.

In the modern household, there is a shift away from being a self-sufficient economic unit. Unlike historical times, the family no longer solely relies on its own production and distribution of essentials. Instead, family members seek outside career opportunities and procure everyday necessities from the market. This transition representsadeparturefromtheeconomiccentralityofthefamily in the agricultural and handicraft economy of the MiddleAges.

As Gisbert noted, although the family has not entirely forsaken its economic functions, the nature of these functions has certainly evolved. The family’s economic role has fundamentally changed,

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