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Файл:Практический курс перевода. Учебное пособие
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4) pedestrian – a person traveling on foot, esp. in a street or other place used by
cars;
5) brain concussion – damage to the brain caused by a heavy blow, shock, or
violent shaking;
6) to be detained – to be arrested;
7) to veer into/round – to change direction;
8) to collide with – to crash violently; to come into disagreement;
9) casualty – a person hurt in an accident or killed or wounded in battle;
10) violation – disregard or act (smth solemnly promised, accepted as right or legal
etc.);
11) intersection – a point where roads, lines etc. intersect, esp. where two roads
cross;
12) to patch – to mend or repair quickly or roughly;
13) rut – a deep narrow track left in soft ground by a wheel;
14) traffic lights - any of a set of coloured lights used for controlling and directing
traffic, esp. where one road crosses another;
15) poll – an attempt to find out the general opinion about smth., esp. about a
political matter, by questioning a number of people chosen by chance.
III. Complete the sentences below with the words written above.
1. They …………… the rise in oil prices for the big increase in inflation.
2. Speeding is considered to be the most common …………… in many
countries.
3. It was a bad crash, but there were no …………………
4. The little boy fell out of a window and was taken to hospital suffering from
……………………
5. The farm carts have worn ……………… in the lane.
6. Two men ……………… by the police for questioning at the police station.
7. The President ……………… Congress over his budget plans.
8. We were talking about food, and then suddenly the conversation
……………… round to stomach diseases.
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9. There were ten serious …………………… in the train crash.
10. We are conduction a ……………… to find out how many people are in
flavour of nuclear power.
IV. Make a two-way translation.
Пешеходный переход, brain concussion, временная регистрация, at a
staggering rate, госпитализирован с сотрясением мозга, to collide with,
водительские права, to patch roads, ехать на очень большой скорости, to veer
into, превышать скорость, Traffic police, выехать на полосу встречного
движения, oncoming traffic lane, нарушать правила дорожного движения,
driving license, подземный переход, traffic safety rules.
V. Retell the text in Russian and in English according to the suggested
scheme (see p. 121-122).
VI. Translate the following text in English. Use the words and phrases
given below.
Кому мешает правый руль
(свою точку зрения на проблему высказывают сотрудники ГАИ)
- Считаю, что, прежде всего, автомашина должна быть технически
исправна. Если она прошла таможню и была допущена к эксплуатации, то с
точки зрения безопасности не важно, леворульное или праворульное у нее
управление. В настоящее время в ГАИ не ведется статистика дорожнотранспортных происшествий по категории руля. Кроме того, должен отметить,
что нарушения правил дорожного движения регистрируются в равной степени
как со стороны леворульных автомашин, так и праворульных. Дело в том, что
принцип вождения в обоих случаях один и тот же. Я с 1994 года езжу на
праворульном автомобиле, но в ближайшее время собираюсь приобрести
леворульный, просто потому что мне нравятся европейские машины по
некоторым внутренним характеристикам. Кроме того, у леворульного
автомобиля есть одно значительное преимущество - на нем легче идти на
обгон.
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- Нет никаких сомнений в том, что праворульные автомобили опаснее
1.
All Moscow Metro carriages will have security video cameras.
T / F
2.
The security system is to eavesdrop on foreign diplomats.
T / F
3.
All of the cameras will be fitted by the end of this year.
T / F
4.
The surveillance system will cost $US5.9 million.
T / F
5.
The Moscow Metro has so far been spared from terrorism.
T / F
6.
Separatists from Chechnya occasionally attack Moscow.
T / F
леворульных. Во-первых, потому что пассажир сидит со стороны встречной
полосы. По статистике, которую ведет Ассоциация автомобильных дилеров,
очень часто при лобовых столкновениях, провоцируемых праворульными
машинами, страдают сидящие впереди пассажиры. Во-вторых, водители,
управляющие машиной справа, как правило, плохо чувствуют габариты
автомобиля и при обгоне не видят встречную полосу. В-третьих, у
праворульных автомобилей неправильно настроены фары, которые
предназначены для освещения только левой стороны. И, наконец, самая главная
беда праворульной машины заключается в том, что она попадает в страну без
сертификата безопасности. На мой взгляд, в нашей стране с правосторонним
дорожным движением, безусловно, необходимо ввести ограничения на
праворульные автомашины.
_______________________________________________________
Traffic Police, to be in good order, left-hand drive car, right-hand drive car,
oncoming traffic lane, head-on collision, certificate of security, to impose limitation,
right driving.
VII. Listening: Moscow subway cars to have CCTV.
1. Before listening
1.1 True / False. Look at the article’s headline and guess whether these
sentences are true (T) or false (F):
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7.
Moscow Metro’s head guaranteed CCTV would prevent terrorism.
T / F
8.
CCTV may discourage criminal activities in the metro.
T / F
1.2 Synonym match. Match the following synonyms from the article:
a)
head
1) set off
b)
counter
2) allocated
c)
remainder
3) conduct
d)
earmarked
4) ward off
e)
implementation
5) barbarity
f)
atrocities
6) savagery
g)
scores
7) boss
h)
wage
8) large numbers
i)
detonated
9) rest
j)
butchery
10) completion
a)
surveillance
1) hands of terrorists
b)
counter the
2) until 2007
c)
on the remainder
3) cameras
d)
ongoing
4) an explosive device
e)
funding had been
5) threat of terrorist attacks
f)
atrocities at the
6) war of independence
g)
left scores
7) earmarked
h)
wage their
8) slaughtered
i)
detonated
9) of dead
j)
innocently
10) of the network
1.3 Phrase match. Match the following phrases from the article
(sometimes more than one combination is possible):
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2. Listen and fill in the spaces
The head of Moscow’s Metro system Dmitry Gayev plans to _______
surveillance cameras in all of the city’s subway carriages to _______ the threat of
terrorist attacks, the MosNews website reported. The _______ security _______ will
be fitted on the Circle Line, the busiest of the Metro’s eleven _______, by the end of
this year and on the _______ of the network next year. Mr. Gayev outlined his plans
at a news conference in Moscow: “The anti-terrorist protection program for
Moscow’s subway will be _______ until 2007”. He said $US59 million in state
funding had been _______ for its implementation.
Moscow’s transit system has suffered its own atrocities at the _______ of
terrorists, which has left _______ of dead. Chechnyan separatists are the _______
suspects as they _______ their war of independence against Moscow. Last year a
suicide bomber detonated an explosive _______ outside a Moscow station, killing 10
people, and in February of this year 41 people were innocently _______ on a rushhour train. Mr. Gayev said although the new technology could not guarantee an end
to this kind of _______, it would make things more difficult for terrorists and
“_______ criminal activities in the metro”.
3. Discussion
3.1 STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
1. What was your initial reaction to this headline?
2. Did the headline make you want to read the article?
3. Do you think CCTV on subway trains is a good idea?
4. Do you think CCTV on subway trains will deter terrorists?
5. Would you like to see CCTV in all areas of public life?
6. Do you think CCTV is an invasion of privacy and freedom?
7. What other security measures would you like to see on transport systems?
8. Don’t you think terrorists would simply switch targets if CCTV were
present somewhere?
9. Do you think CCTV could have stopped the London bombings?
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10. Do you think CCTV is good for discouraging general crime?
3.2 STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
1. Did you like reading this article?
2. What did you think about what you read?
3. Do you think transportation systems will ever be free from the threat of
terrorist attack?
4. What do you think of the idea of passengers requesting to search one
another’s bags?
5. Do you think X-ray machines should be fitted at subway stations?
6. Would you agree to random body searches by the police?
7. Do you think CCTV increases fear or confidence?
8. Would you agree to the state tapping of phones and e-mails?
9. Do you think anti-terrorism laws could become too strict?
10. Did you like this discussion?
4. Translate the text into Russian in a written form.
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7 Assignment
I. Read and translate the following text.
Melting of Permafrost Threatens the Whole Humanity
Global warming could melt almost the entire top layer of Arctic permafrost
by the end of the century. Scientists say the thaw would release vast stocks of carbon
into the atmosphere, threaten ocean currents and wreck roads and buildings across
Canada, Alaska and Russia.
David Lawrence, a climate scientist with the US National Centre for
Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, said: "There's a lot of carbon stored in
the soil. If the permafrost does thaw, as our model predicts, it could have a major
influence on climate." Thawing permafrost is one of several climate "tipping points"
feared by environmental experts, because carbon released by melted soil would
accelerate global warming. Permafrost makes up about a quarter of land surface in
the northern hemisphere and the upper layer is believed to hold at least 30% of the
carbon stored in soil worldwide.
Dr Lawrence said: "In terms of its impact on the global climate, I don't see
how it can be good news, but just how bad it is unclear. It's very difficult to see how
we can halt it. We may be able to slow it down."
Dr. Lawrence and Andrew Slater, of the University of Colorado's national
snow and ice data centre used a computer to simulate how the Arctic permafrost defined as soil that remains below freezing for at least two years - would react to
Earth's changing climate.
Assuming that emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases
from cars, power stations and other sources continue to rise, they found the area
holding permafrost within about 3.5 meters of the surface will shrink from 4m square
miles to a little over 1m square miles by 2050. The area of surface permafrost will
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shrink further by 2100, to about 400,000 square miles. Deeper permafrost will remain
largely unaffected. A low emission scenario, which assumes that new technology and
energy efficiency measures will slash future greenhouse gas pollution, the permafrost
area shrinks to about 1.5m square miles by 2100. The results appear in the journal
Geophysical Research Letters.
Dr. Lawrence said the study was the first to examine permafrost in a model
that accounted for interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, land and sea ice, as
well as the freezing and thawing of soil. He said the predictions of the computer
model were already being backed up by observations in and around the Arctic. In
August, scientists working in Siberia reported an unprecedented thaw in the world's
largest peat bog, which they fear could release billions of tones of methane, a
greenhouse gas 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Melting permafrost frees
carbon because warmer temperatures allow bacteria to degrade previously frozen
dead vegetation.
Recent warming has degraded large sections of surface permafrost across
central Alaska, with pockets of soil collapsing as the ice within it melts. The melting
has buckled roads, destabilized houses and produced so-called "drunken forests" in
which the trees lean at wild angles. Sections of the Alaskan Arctic oil pipeline buried
in sensitive areas are refrigerated to keep the permafrost around it solid.
The computer model also predicted that the massive thaw would
significantly increase the amount of fresh water draining into the Arctic Ocean, which
could affect global currents. "Thawing permafrost could send considerable amounts
of water to the oceans," said Dr Slater. Water runoff from permafrost to the ocean has
increased by 7 % since the 1930s. In the high-emission simulation, the computer
predicted a further increase of 28 % by 2100. About half of this is down to ice
melting within the surface soil, with the rest because of increased rainfall, snowfall
and increased drainage.
II. Supply the following words with translation. Learn the words with
their definitions.
1) to melt – to cause (a solid) to become liquid;
59
2) layer – a thickness of some substance, often one of many;
3) permafrost – a thickness of soil, esp. below the Earth’s surface, that is
frozen all the time;
4) unaffected – not affected by;
5) to release – to set free; to let go;
6) hemisphere – a half of the Earth, esp. the northern or southern halves above
and below the equator, or the eastern or western half;
7) to halt – to cause to stop;
8) emission – the act of emitting or smth. Emitted;
9) to shrink – to become smaller from the effect of heat or water;
10) observation – an action of noticing or watching;
11) bog – an area of sift wet ground, consisting of decaying vegetable matter,
into which the feet sink;
12) vegetation – plants in general;
13) to wreck – to bring to a ruined or unusable state;
14) rainfall – the amount of rain or snow that falls in an area in a certain time;
15) to predict – to see or describe (a future happening) in advance as a result of
knowledge, experience, thought etc.
III. Complete the sentences below with the words written above.
1. They were impressed by the colorful ……………. of a tropical forest.
2. The economists ………… an increase in the rate of inflation.
3. The train was ………… by work on the line.
4. These seeds must be covered with a …………… of earth.
5. People in the south of the country were … by the drought.
6. The weather has completely ……………… our plans.
7. We have been receiving powerful radio ………… from a distant star
system.
8. She made some interesting ………………… on the current political
scene.
9. What is the largest city in the eastern ………………?
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10. Global warming could …………… almost the entire top layer of Arctic
……………… by the end of the century.
IV. Make a two-way translation.
Глобальное потепление, to degrade, вечная мерзлота, to be backed up
by observations, торфяники, vast stocks of carbon, ключевой показатель, the
amount of fresh water, эксперт по охране окружающей среды, to slow down,
ускорять, power stations, выброс углекислого газа, peat bog, учитывать
взаимодействие, emission, «пьяные леса», permafrost, компьютерное
моделирование, vast stocks of carbon.
V. Retell the text in Russian and in English according to the suggested
scheme (see p. 121-122).
VI. Translate the following text in English. Use the words and phrases
given below.
Лондон "уйдет под воду к 2100 году", когда Антарктика обрушится в море
Десятки городов мира, включая Лондон и Нью-Йорк, могут быть
затоплены к концу века, говорится в исследовании, по результатам которого
получается, что при глобальном потеплении уровень моря будет повышаться
быстрее, чем полагали раньше.
Первая работа, где компьютерные модели повышения температур
сочетаются с фактическими данными о климате далекого прошлого,
продемонстрировала, что уровень моря может подняться на 20 футов к 2100
году, создав угрозу для миллионов людей.
Причиной угрозы являются тающие льды Гренландии и Антарктики,
которые, как считают авторы исследования, высвободят большие объемы воды
быстрее, чем показывали прежние модели. Анализ событий, происходивших
116-129 тыс. лет назад, когда в Арктике в последний раз потеплело до
температур, предсказываемых на 2100 год, показывает, что возможно
значительное повышение уровня моря.
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