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Файл:English for Innovatics. Часть 1. Учебное пособие
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7) В 2013 году Лондонский метрополитен отметил свой 150летний юбилей.
8) На сегодняшний день первое метро в мире насчитывает до 5
миллионов человек в день.
9) Станция лондонского метро: Альдгейт, Альпертон,
Амершам, Бейкер-стрит, Барим, Арсенал, Банк и так далее.
Planned modernization and expansion of London
underground.
Currently, a large number of works are planned to
improve the London underground. On 27 March 2008, a new
station was opened on the Piccadilly line at terminal 5 of Heathrow
airport, which was the first new section of the London underground
since 1999. Each line is upgraded to improve capacity and
reliability by introducing a computer-based signal transmission and
automatic train control system, replacing rails and reconstructing
stations and, where necessary, introducing new rolling stock. In
2006 and 2007, the ground water cooling system at Victoria station
was tested to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of
implementing the system on a large scale. On the Waterloo and
city line, mobile network coverage was tested and the possibility of
extending coverage to the rest of the subway was assessed.
Combined with the underground network "Cross rail" will be a
new route through the center of London.
Chelsea-Hackney line, which is planned to be put into
operation in 2025, will connect the North-Eastern and southern
areas of London, in many areas intersecting with other lines and
reducing passenger traffic on them. This project, first proposed in
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1901, is currently under development. In 2007, the line was
transferred to Cross London rail, a company engaged in the
construction of the Cross rail network. Thus, the line can become
part of both the London underground and the National rail
network.
The Croxley rail project provides for the creation of a
branch of the subway line to Watford junction station on
abandoned railway tracks. The project is awaiting funding from the
Hertfordshire County Council and the Department of
transportation.
London mayor Boris Johnson is considering extending the
Bakerloo Line to Lewisham as South London lacks underground
lines
Improving London railway. Improving the trains
A new train design will deliver faster, more frequent and more
reliable journeys with the first walk-through and air-conditioned
trains on the four 'Deep Tube' lines.
We will replace trains and signaling systems across the four 'Deep
Tube' lines - the Piccadilly, Bakerloo, Central and Waterloo & City
lines.
250 new Tube trains for the Piccadilly, Bakerloo, Central
and Waterloo & City lines, with the first new trains serving
the Piccadilly line from 2024
More capacity with a faster, more frequent service
More reliability as modern signalling systems will ensure
fewer delays
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Walk-through carriages helping to ease extra demand at
peak times
Air-conditioned carriages for a more comfortable journey
Improved accessibility with step-free access at platform
level
A single design
We are creating a blueprint for a single train design that will be
rolled out across the Piccadilly, Bakerloo, Central and Waterloo &
City lines, allowing for more efficient procurement and long-term
maintenance procedures.
250 new Tube trains
Around two-thirds of our lines are being or have been upgraded.
We also have a programme of work underway to increase
frequencies on upgraded lines even further.
More reliable service
As part of our ongoing investment in the Underground network
and to meet the needs of London's rapidly growing population, we
are continuing to invest in and improve our services.
By introducing new modern signalling systems and new trains on
the Piccadilly, Bakerloo, Central and Waterloo & City lines, delays
due to signal and train failures will be reduced.
Additionally, over the course of time we will also be introducing
platform edge doors where possible (as used on the Jubilee line),
helping to ensure customer safety and reducing delays due to litter
and other obstructions on the tracks.
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Meeting London's growing demand
London's population is set to increase from 8.4 million today to
around 10 million by 2030. The new modern signalling systems
and new trains we're introducing will increase capacity to help us
meet this challenge.
Piccadillyline
60% more capacity (the equivalent of up to 21,000 customers per
hour)
Bakerlooline
25% more capacity (the equivalent of up to 9,000 customers per
hour)
Centralline
25% more capacity (the equivalent of up to 12,000 customers per
hour)
Waterloo&Cityline
50% more capacity (the equivalent of up to 7,000 customers per
hour)
A train for the future
We are making sure our trains will be future-proofed as they will
serve London for at least 40 years. Becauseofthis,
newtrainswillhave:
More capacity to meet the increased demand
Air-conditioning for more comfortable journeys
Improved energy efficiency and customer information
Advances in technology mean that these trains and signalling
systems are capable of increased levels of automation. By the early
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2020s, with the completion of the new signalling system on the
Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines, the
majority of existing London Underground lines will have
automatic train operation, with a driver on board.
Throughout the development and procurement of these new trains
and signalling we will work closely with our customers,
stakeholders, trade unions and staff to make the most of the new
technology.
Text 10
Moscow Metro
Moscow Metro - underground public rail transport on electric
traction is located in Moscow. It is historically the first and largest
metro in the USSR and in Russia.
The first line was opened on May 15, 1935, and ran from the
Sokolniki station to the Park Kultury station, with a branch to
Smolenskaya.
The system consists of 14 lines with a total length of 360 km. In
the Moscow metro there are 212 stations 44 of which are
recognized as objects of cultural heritage and more than 40 are
monuments of architecture. There are different styles in the
Moscow metro, ranging from complex architectonic solutions to
simplified ones (VDNH, Alekseevskaya, etc.) Recently a new
branch was opened from Victory Park to Dynamo station, which
includes modern design
and innovative technologies.
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According to NEW YORK TIMES, the Russian metro is the most
beautiful in the world.
According to the data of the Stroykompleks of Moscow, at present
65 km and more than 30 metro stations are being constructed in the
capital at the same time. Until 2020, according to the plans of the
Moscow government, another 34 stations should be built, and the
length of lines should increase by more than 70 km.
Text 11
Moscow railway stations.
There are 9 operating railway stations in Moscow. They are
part of the Moscow and North-West regional directorates of the
Directorate of Railway Stations of JSCo Russian Railways.
The Belorussian station is the passenger terminal of the
Moscow-Passenger-Smolenskaya station. Architect is I.I.Strukov.
Kazan Railway Station is passenger terminal of the MoscowPassazhskaya-Kazan railway station, located at Moscow,
Komsomolskaya square, 2. Former Ryazan railway station was
built in 1862 - 1864 to Ryazan, and in 1894 also to the Kazan
railway. The construction of the modern Kazan railway station
began in 1913 and was completed in 1940. The building was
erected in the neo-Russian style by AV Shchusev with the team of
achitechts. The station is elongated in the line of the body in the
form of various height and with the volume of sharp roofs,
intermediate clock tower and high tier corner tower. In the
composition of the building motifs of ancient architecture of
Nizhny Novgorod, Astrakhan, Ryazan are widely used. Carved
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white-stone decor on the red-brick background of the walls was
made in the traditions of Moscow architecture of the 17th century.
In the outer and inner design of the building it was attended by A.
N. Benoit, B. Kustodiev, N.To.Roerich. The Kazan station is
adjacent to the building of the house of culture of railway workers.
In the 1950s a suburban hall was completed, it was connected to
the Komsomolskaya metro station. In 1987 - 1997 the building of
Kazan railway station was reconstructed. Kazan railway station
connects Moscow with the cities of the Volga Region, the Urals,
Siberia and Central Asia. There are passenger trains to Kazan and
Ryazan areas and commuter trains to the near and far suburbs.
Kiev Station (in 1918-1934-Bryansk) was the passenger
terminal station Moscow-PassengerKiev.Architects:I.I.Rerberg,B.K.Oltarzhevsky,S.S. Alyoshin,
F.I.Rerberg.
Kursk railway station is the passenger terminal of the
stationMoscow-Passenger-Kursk.
In the 1860s a passenger station was built for the Kursk railway,
and in 1896 a new building was built by the architect N.P.Orlov. In
the right wing of it the passenger station of the Nizhnegorodsky
railway was located. Hence the former name Kursk-Nizhny
Novgorod station. The station was reconstructed in 1938 by
architect G.I.Voloshinov, and in 1972 a new building was erected
while preserving the old rooms with colonnades and rich molding
inside. The building is 15 meters high stained glass facing the in
front of the railway station area and covered with a folded roof
with a nine-metre peak. Kursk station is the largest in Moscow.
137
Trains leave it in two directions: to the South - to Ukraine,
including Crimea and to the East, Nizhny Novgorod.
Leningrad Station, from 1855 to 1923 – Nikolaevsky, from 1923
to 1937 - October-passenger terminal station Moscow-Passenger.
The name of the stop is Moscow-October. Architects: K.A.Ton,
R.A. Zhelazevich. The station was built in 1844-1851 on the
project of K. Ton for the Petersburg-Moscow railway which began
in 1851. The building of Leningradsky railway station combines
the rigor and symmetry of the compositional structure. Crowning
clock tower clearly stands out. The interiors of the station was
refurbished in 1950 by A.N. Dushkina. In 1977 the station was
reconstructed with preservation of the external appearance.
Leningrad railway station connects Moscow with Saint-Petersburg,
Petrozavodsk, Murmansk, Tallinn and Helsinki. Between Moscow
and St. Petersburg express trains run: e.g.: the “Red Arrow”,
”Aurora”, ”Russian Troika”.
Paveletsky railway station is passenger terminal of Moscow –
Passenger Paveletskaya station. Architects:A.Krasovsky.
Riga Railway Station, until 1930 it was Vindavsky, until the mid1930s - Baltic, until 1946-Rzhevsky-passenegr terminal station
Moscow-Rigas. Architects:Stanislav Brzhozovsky.
Savyolovsky Railway Station, until 1912 it was Butyrsky
passenger terminal of the Moscow-Butyrskaya station.
Yaroslavsky Railway Station, until 1870 it was Troitsky, until
1922-Yaroslavl, until 1955 - North passenger station MoscowPassenger-Yaroslavl.
138
Literature
1. Программное обеспечение и интернет-
ресурсы: MicrosoftOffice (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)
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Св.план 2020 г., поз.235
Лашина Любовь Арнольдовна
English for Innovatics
Часть 1
Учебное пособие
___________________________________________________________
Формат бумаги 6084/16 Тираж 30 экз.
127994, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, дом 9, стр.9.
Типография Юридического института РУТ (МИИТ)
140
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