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Файл:English for Innovatics. Часть 1. Учебное пособие
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Text B
Russian University of Transport was founded in 1896.
The University prepares specialists of higher and vocational
education for rail transport. The University consists of a number of
Institutes. It includes more than sixty departments. The University
includes two Academies: Russian Academy of Communications
and the Russian Academy of Open Transport, as well as three
colleges, i.e. Moscow College of Railway Transport, Law College
and the College of Medicine. The University has one high school.
There are twenty-eight branches of RUT in Russia. The largest
ones are the Kazan Branch, Kaluga Branch and the Oryol branch.
Fifty thousand students, including 700 graduate students study at
the university and are trained for about seventy specialties.
Text C
Russian University of Transport is the Russian higher
educational institution. It is one of the oldest, largest and the most
prestigious transport universities in our country.
Our university is inseparably connected with railway
transport and railway construction. It fulfills work in different
spheres of railway industry which role and importance for Russia
cannot be overestimated.
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The history of the university dates back to September 1896
when on the command of His Imperial Majesty Nicholas II
Moscow Engineering School was founded. Its first students were
prepared as specialists of railway track construction. In 1913
Engineering School was reorganized into Moscow Railway
Transport Institute. Since 1993 it was renamed in Moscow State
University of Railway Engineering \Communication.
Now the university consists of 8 Institutes. They are: the
Institute of Transport Technology and Civil Construction, the
Institute of Rail Operation and Information Technologies, the
Institute of Economy and Finance, the Institute of Humanities, Law
Institute, the Institute of Transport Technologies and Control
Systems, etc. It also has the Pre-University Training Faculty and
the Evening Faculty. The university also comprises the Medical
College, the Railway Transport College, the Law College, the
gymnasium and the faculty of distant education.
The university provides its students with modern
knowledge and constant and rapid changes in the railway
technology. The equipment of auditoria and laboratories meets all
the requirements of the modern standards.
102
Russian University of Transport is integrating into the
world’s educational and scientific community. New demands to the
system of education make the university apply innovative
programmes and seek partnership for their implementation.
Today the university is a modern research and educational
centre with advanced laboratory facilities for study and qualified
staff training.
The university carries out great scientific research work. It
involves such directions as Information Technologies on transport
and traffic safety programmes. Our university actively represents
its scientific and educational interests at international forums in
Russia and abroad.
Answer the questions:
1. What is the name of your University?
2. What is the name of your Institute?
3. What is the name of your Department?
4. What is the name of your speciality?
5. Where do its graduates work?
6. When was the university established?
7. Who was the founder of the university?
8. What was the first university’s name?
103
9. The first speciality was railway track construction, isn’t it?
10. What Institutes does the University consist of?
11. Are there the faculties of Pre-University Training and the
Evening faculty at the university?
12. Does the university carry out scientific research work?
13. What are the main directions of scientific research work?
Text 4
History of Russian Railways
Text A
The Soviet Union is often spoken of as a great rail power because
it has the largest railway system in the world. The total length of
Soviet railways is over, 143,000 km. The Soviet state got from the
tsarist regime a poorlv-organized and poorly-developed railway
network greatly damaged in the First World War. However, old
Russia could be proud of its railway scientists and engineers who
constructed good steam locomotives and the passenger cars
produced in Russia were the best in Europe. The Trans-Siberian
Railway was thought of as a very important means of
communication between Europe and Asia. The trains built for
regular service on that line were made up of richly-decorated
sleeping cars which provided many comforts for passengers. After
the Great October Socialist Revolution the Communist Party and
the Soviet Government took steps to reconstruct the railways of the
country. The development of railway transport was closely
connected with the GOELRO Plan. Initiated by V. I. Lenin, the
GOELRO Plan was worked out in 1920. It provided for the
104
construction rof numerous power plants and a whole network of
electrified railways. In 1926, an electric train started its first run on
the suburban line between Baku and Sabunchi. Another very
important step was the development the diesel locomotive. It was
in the Soviet Union that the world's first main-line diesel
locomotive was built and put into service on November 6, 1924.
When reconstructed, SD became a highly-developed and a safe
means of trans- port in the country.
One of the most interesting railways-the Trans-Siberian main
line-connects Moscow with Vladivostok, a large port on the Pacific
Ocean. The total length of the line is nearly 9,600 km. That is the
world's longest., railway. The construction of the Trans-Siberian
line began in 1891 and it was put into operation in 1905. However,
the railway was poorly built and accidents often took place. The
reconstruction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began after the Great
October Socialist Revolution. Now most of the line is electrified.
All freight and passenger trains are operated by powerful diesel
and electric locomotives. The trains develop 140 kmh on some
sections and the journey from Moscow to Vladivostok in the
"Rossiya" express takes you only 7 days. The Trans-Siberian
Railway plays a very important part in the economic development
of our country because it carries a large volume of traffic. Besides,
it runs international container service between Europe and Japan.
The Trans-Siberian Railway always played a very important part
in the economic development of our country. During the Great
Patriotic War when most of our industry was concentrated in
Siberia the Trans-Siberian Rail- way made a great contribution to
the victory over the German armies. But operated by steam
traction, the line could not carry a large volume of traffic. After the
war the modernization program was worked out as part of the
grandiose plan to transform Siberia into a highly developed
industrial region. The modernization plan provided for the
105
electrification of the Moscow-Lake Baikal section simultaneously
with its reconstruction. It was a hard job which took a long time. It
was in 1961 that electric traction was introduced on the line.
JSC Russian Railways began in 2003. Today it is among the three
largest transport companies in the world. The missions of the
company are to meet the market demand for transportation,
increase efficiency quality of services and deep integration into the
Euro-Asian transport system. The company’s strategic goals are to
increase the scale of transport business, production and economic
efficiency and quality of work, improving the and transport safety,
deep integration into the Euro-Asian transport system. Traction
rolling stock includes diesel locomótives, electric locomotives,
electric trains, diesel trains, railcars, railway handcar. The main
directions of the company's business - freight and passenger
traffic.In 2005-2010, JSC Russian Railways has launched a
program to introduce new high-speed trains. The first train
launched, Sapsan (peregrine falcon), connects St. Petersburg,
Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod and is operated with trains
manufactured by the German company Siemens. The second train,
Allegro, has run from December 2010 from St. Petersburg to
Helsinki (Finland) via the city of Vyborg and is owned and
operated together with the Finnish VR Group. Seven priority
infrastructure development projects were allocated, approaches to
the ports of the South of Russia, an to the ports of North-West
Russia, infrastructure in Western Siberia, and north of the Urals
Federal District, Trans-Siberian Railway, Baikal- Amur Mainline,
Mezhdurechensk, Abakan Taishet station, the Moscow railway hut.
Now the Moscow-Lake Baikal Railway is the long- est electrified
main line in the world on which powerful electric and diesel
locomotives draw long and heavy trains. The electrification of the
Trans-Siberian Railway east of Baikal continues. The project HSM
1 is a separate railway line between Moscow and St. Petersburg,
106
the expected speed is up to 400 km/h, the estimated time will not
exceed 2.5 hours.
Answer the questions:
1. Is the approximate length of the Railways?
2. When the GOELRO plan was developed?
3. Where he began his first course of the electric train?
4. What connects the Trans-Siberian railway?
5. How well was the Trans-Siberian railway built?
6. What happened in 1961?
7. How JSC "Russian Railways" is the largest in the world?
8. What are the strategic goals of the company?
9. What is «Sapsan»?
10. Which country produces them?
11. What are the priority infrastructure development projects?
12. What is the longest electrified highway in the world?
Ex.1 Memorize one of two following plans for retelling the
texts:
Text B1
Russian Railways
1. Russia is оftеn spoken of as a great rail power because it has the
largest rails system in the world.
2. Russian Railways саrriеѕ аn еnоrmous volume оf hоmе traffic nearly 66 percent of freight and 37 percent of passengers .
107
3. Old Russia соuld bе proud of its railway scientists and engineers
who constructed good steam locomotives.
4. The passengers саrѕ рrоduсеd in Russia were the best in Europe
5. The development of railway transport was closely connected
with the GOELRO Plan.
6. It provided for the construction of numerous power plants and a
whоlе network of electrified railwауѕ.
7. In 1926, an electric train started its first run on the suburban line
between Baku and Sabunchi.
8. It was in the Soviet Union that the world's first main - line diesel
locomotive was built and put into service on November 6, 1924.
9. Whеn reconstructed, RR became a highly - developed and a ѕаfе
means of transport in the country.
10. RR pays particular attention to high speed running.
11. Speeds of 120 - 150 kph аrе рrасtісаl оr thе express trains.
12. Russian rolling stock іnсludеѕ mоdеrn locomotives and cars,
efficient track - laying machines, automatic telecommunication
systems, powerful cranes and other railway equipment.
13. The construction of the Baikal - Amur Railway (BAM) is of
grеаt importance for the economic development of the USSR.
14. The building BAM railway was necessary to open up new areas
in Siberia for the exploitation of coal, ore, oil, and other minerals
resources and shorten the way to the Pacific Ocean by hundreds of
kilometers.
15. The building of the BAM Railway was carried out in vеrу hаrd
topographical and geological conditions.
108
Text B2
1. The Soviet Union was often called the great train power,
because it has the largest railway system in the world.
2. The Soviet government had received from the tsarist regime
poorly-organized and poorly-developed rail network,
severely damaged in the First World War.
3. However, the old Russia could be pound of their scientists
and engineers. They have built a good steam locomotives
and passenger cars which were the best in Europe.
4. The plan GOELRO included construction of numerous
power plants and a network of electrified railway lines.
5. In 1926 the train started on the commuter line between
Baku and Sabunchy.
6. In the Soviet Union on 6 November 1924 the world's first
mainline diesel locomotive was built and put into operation.
7. The Russian Railways carry an enormous amount of
internal traffic, almost 66 percent of cargo and 37 percent
of passengers.
8. The development of railway transport is closely linked to
the electrification plan.
9. Freight train moving with a speed of 30 km/h, passenger
trains reached 45-59 km/h.
10. After the reconstruction the RR has become a highly
developed and safe means of transportation in the country.
109
Text C 1. New speed train in Russia
In December 2009, the Sapsan entered service, becoming the first
high-speed train within Russia. Running between St. Petersburg
and Moscow, the service by this Siemens-built electric marvel, cut
the land travel time from overnight to about 4 hours, making it
competitive time wise going from city center to city center with air
travel (without the associated hassles). On January 23, Siemens
improved its domination of the development of Russian high-speed
rail with a second great innovation created specifically for Russian
Railways, the Desiro RUS electric light rail train, better known as
the Lastochka.
Taking the Russian name for the fast-moving bird, the swallow, the
Lastochka is designed to provide high-speed service even within
the weather extremes experienced in many parts of Russia.
Although German-made, it is a wholly Russian light rail train. “It
is designed to operate in Russia’s climate and meet our technology
standards and special requirements regarding safety and
environmental protection,” said Valentin Gapanovich at a
ceremony before its first run between St. Petersburg and Bologoye,
a regional destination between Veliky Novgorod and Tver. “It
meets the needs of the most discerning passenger.”
Victor Stepov, Head of the October Railway (that part of Russian
Railways that covers all tracks between Moscow and Murmansk),
said that the Lastochka will serve on more prestigious regional
routes. By the opening of the Universiade, or World Student
Games, in July 2013, the Lastochka will connect Kazan, Russia’s
so-called “Third Capital,” with the high-speed rail network that
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