Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Практический курс перевода (аннотирование и реферирование). Учебное пособие

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
12.08.2026
Размер:
701 Кб
Скачать

сделаем всё возможное, чтобы предотвратить его», – заявил в пятницу председатель совета директоров и исполнительный директор GM Ричард Уогонер мл. после доклада о расходах концерна в 6,9 млд. долларов в третьем квартале этого года.

По мнению сторонников компании, банкротство такой крупной компании окажет влияние на всю экономику США, ведь десятая часть рабочих мест в Америке связана с автомобильной промышленностью. Автопроизводители являются крупнейшими покупателями американской стали, железа, аллюминия, меди, пластика, резины и т. д.

Взаимозависимость на автомобильном рынке высока и десятки тысяч поставщиков и дилеров зависят от автопроизводителей. Банкротство одного из «механизмов системы» неизменно негативно повлияет и на другие.

Согласно отчёту, опубликованному на прошлой неделе в Центре Автомобильных Исследований , крах GM мог спровоцировать потерю 2,5 млн. рабочих мест и 125 млд. долларов бюджетных доходов только в течение одного года из-за того, что деятельность концерна составляет примерно половину промышленности США. За 3 года налоговые убытки правительства могут составить более 100 млд.

Дейв Коул, председатель и директор Центра, сказал, что развивать индустриальную отрасль на строго кассово-наличной основе гораздо выгоднее, нежели просто закрыть её.

Документальное подтверждение банкротства наверняка бы отпугнуло покупателей, взволнованных соблюдением потребительских гарантий и перебоями поставок запчастей при необходимости ремонта.

Ранее в этом году компания маркетинговых исследований CNW провела опрос новых покупателей автомобилей и выяснила, что 80 % полны решимости отказаться от услуг автопроизводите- ля-банкрота. «На рынке, полном альтернатив, Детройтские производители вряд ли смогут сохранить потребителей в случае финансового краха», – подвела итог А. Спинелла, президент центра исследований.

Некоторые же считают наоборот, что банкротство не будет фатальным, как это представляют в Детройте.

Под покровом банкротства GM может ощутимо урезать пенсионные пособия и пособия на программы здравоохранения, сум-

91

мы которых тянут вниз финансовую конкурентоспособность концерна в отношении других производителей. Это позволило бы сократить сеть собственных дилеров в обход законов, которые могли бы в противном случае превратить подобные махинации в дорогостоящую головную боль.

«GM может далее принять меры по переоснащению заводов и избавиться от подконтрольных ему убыточных брендов. Если устроить это всё заблаговременно, то концерн вполне может держать удар», – согласно прогнозам аналитиков.

Род Лаше из Немецкого Банка отметил в прошлом месяце, что многие американские поставщики авто смогли бы пережить банкротство Детройтской Тройки, однако их прибыльный потенциал значительно ослабнет.

Майкл Левайн, бывший топ-менеджер авиакомпании и преподаватель Нью-Йоркского Юридического Университета, подчеркнул, что в подобных проблемных ситуациях авиакомпании чаще всего действуют незамедлительно, подавая заявление о банкротстве, и начинают искать деньги для оплаты своих кредитных счетов, чтобы выполнить свои обязательства перевозчика перед пассажирами. То же самое, по его словам, делает и банкрот GM-концерн стремится выполнить требуемые обязательства и убедиться, что субсидирование автомобильных покупок попрежнему доступно.

Левайн, неоднократно оказывавший консультативные услуги обанкротившимся авиакомпаниям, заявил, что американский потребитель сможет справиться с крахом культового американского автопроизводителя ровно так же, как он преодолел страх пользоваться услугами авиакомпаний-должников из-за мнимого ненадлежащего обслуживания и некачественного обеспечения безопасности.

«Вполне возможно, что автомобилестроительная индустрия не всегда ведёт дела в соответствии с современными веяниями в бизнесе», – сказал он. «Потребители стали свидетелями множества банкротств за последние десятилетия. Несколько поколений назад понятие «банкротство» означало полную ликвидацию, но теперь это реорганизация, процесс которой стал достаточно прозрачным для обычного человека».

92

Аннотирование текста (пример)

This article is devoted to the problem of bankruptcy. The authors observe airlines and automakers’ bankruptcies. Two past scenarios of the inevitable General Motors bankruptcy are analyzed. One is a story of such airlines as United Airlines, US Airways, and Continental Airlines’ success: through it all travelers continued to book tickets to fly. Another is the disaster: Daewoo Motor filed for bankruptcy and was sold off in pieces to other automakers. Special attention is paid to possible ways of GM bankruptcy prevention and dire consequences of bankruptcy itself. Detroit’s automakers insist that bankruptcy would be very traumatic. However, some analysts say that General Motors could trim health and pension benefits, then take steps to retool plants and splash unprofitable brands. American consumers overcame the fear that an airline bankruptcy would lead to smaller budgets for maintenance or safety. So the word bankruptcy doesn’t mean liquidation any more, now it often means reorganization.

Реферирование текста (пример)

The article is titled „Running on empty: GM’s FATE is debated“. The subtitle is „Bankruptcy Filing is not an option, company says“. It was written by Kendra Marr and Sholnn Freeman. It was taken from „The Washington Post“.

The main idea of the text is the bankruptsy of the General Motors (GM) company.

At first the authors represent the problem of the possible financial collapse in GM. The authors describe two different situations. The first is a story of success about United Airlines. The second is a disaster of Daewoo Motor’s company. It was sold off in pieces to other automakers, including GM.

The GM’s direction tries not to share off such a fate. Without a loan, GM is in danger of running out of cash. The authors explain us that GM is lobbying for enough money to tide it over until 2010. GM takes measures to safe the company from bankruptcy. It is very difficult to organize.

In my opinion, the business is always connected with risk. A lot of money makes a lot of problems. So, the direction should be prepared to cope with any problems. There are many solutions, for example, staff redundancy, government’s subsidies, reduce of expenses, to regain a control over the situation.

93

2. ФРАЗЫ-КЛИШЕ ДЛЯ РЕФЕРИРОВАНИЯ ТЕКСТА

The plan for

Some expressions to be used while abstracting the

abstracting

article

an article

 

1.

The

title of

The article / text / passage is heading…

the article.

The article / text / passage is titled…

 

 

 

 

The headline / title of the article I’ve read is…

 

 

 

 

The article / text / passage is head-lined…

2.

The

author

The author of the article / text / passage is…

of

the

article,

The article is written by…

where and when

It is (was) published in…

the

article

was

It is (was) printed in …

published

 

 

3.

The

 

main

The main idea of the article / text / passage is…

idea of

the

The article is concerned with…

article.

 

 

The article is about…

 

 

 

 

The article deals with…

 

 

 

 

The article touches upon…

 

 

 

 

The subject of the text is…

 

 

 

 

The article under the headline “…” is devoted to / con-

 

 

 

 

cerned with / contains an interview, gives a detailed ac-

 

 

 

 

count of…

 

 

 

 

The purpose of the article is to give the reader some

 

 

 

 

information on…

 

 

 

 

The purpose of the article is to determine…

 

 

 

 

The aim of the article is to provide the reader with some

 

 

 

 

material / information / data on …

 

 

 

 

According to the author of the article…

 

 

 

 

To quote…

 

 

 

 

Speaking of…

4.

The

content

The article can be divided into… parts.

of the article

The first part deals with…

Some

 

facts,

The second part is about…

names, figures.

The third part touches upon…

 

 

 

 

The author starts by telling the reader that…

 

 

 

 

At the beginning / of the text / the author describes, de-

 

 

 

 

picts, dwells on…, touches upon…, explains, introduces,

 

 

 

 

recalls, characterizes, analyses, comments on…, enumer-

 

 

 

 

ates, points out, emphasizes, stresses, underlines, gener-

 

 

 

 

alizes about, criticizes, makes a few critical remarks

 

 

 

 

94

on…, reveals, exposes, accuses, blames, condemns, mocks smth., ridicules, praises, gives a summary of…, gives the account of…

The author writes / stats / stresses / thinks / points out that…

The article / the author / begins / with a / the / description of…, by mentioning …, the analysis of…, a / the / summary of…, a comment on…, a review of…, an account of…, the characterization of…, his opinion of…, his recollections of…, some critical remarks about, concerning, the accusation of…, the exposure of…, the ridicule of…, the generalization of…

The article opens with…

The article describes / says / reports…

Analyzing the situation in…the author points out…

The author (the article) raises the whole spectre of issues; stresses / emphasizes…

He makes it clear that… According to the text…

Then / after that, further on, next / the author passes on to…, goes on to say that…, gives a detailed / thorough / analysis / description.

Further the author reports / says / points out…

In conclusion the author warns / reports / expresses his concern about…

The article ends with…

At the end of the article the author draws the conclusion that…

We find the conclusion that…

To finish with the author describes…

At the end of the article the author sums up by saying… In conclusion the article reads…

The author comes to the conclusion that…

5. Your opin- I found the article interesting / informative / useful and ion on the artieasy / difficult to understand / dull…

cle. The article is informative… On the whole the article… I firmly believe that…

I’m certain that…

From my point of view… It seems to me…

95

Some useful expressions to use:

How to begin

The article I'm going to give a review of is taken /chosen from...

The article I'm going to deal with is...

It is published under a splash, eye-catching, banner, front-

page, screaming headline...

It is headlined...

The front-page headline/ strap-headline above reads:

Introducing the key points of the article:

I would like to begin by...

I would like to comment on the problem of...

I would like to make a few remarks concerning...

I would like to mention briefly that...

There are three points to make...

The most important point seems to me to be...

First of all we must bear in mind... At the outset..., To begin with…

Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally...

I would like to turn briefly to the problem of...

The next issue I would like to focus on is...

The problem

(a burning, controversial, explosive, moral, acute, complicated)

...catches/hits headlines… …makes the headlines… …is again in the

headline… …gets major treatment in the article...

...gives full cover-

age… …comes in for intensive coverage in...

...comes in for ex-

tensive coverage… ...comes in for detailed

coverage of...

much

coverage is devoted to… …gets covered in......

devotes (part of) its front

page (and number of inside pages) to......

devotes a long feature article

to... claims an exclusive for a report that...

claims an exclusive with

the news that… …in a front page report labeled / tagged exclusive...

the

report on...bears an exclusive tag.

 

 

 

 

... in its leader column...

 

 

 

 

... in its editorial...

... in its opinion column...

... in its comment column...

96

Commenting on

to arouse, cause (considerable, critical, favourable/unfavourable)

comments

The author of the article reports at length… …takes an offbeat

look at... …considers another serious topic… …considers…

…discusses/considers... outlines… …turns attention to... ...looks at…

…reminds us that… …notes... feels that... expresses the view that…

…argues that... asserts that... deals with... believes that... suggests

that... has word of warning for... is adamant that... voices concern

about... takes a more cynical view... has no doubt that... has no illu-

sions about... goes so far as to say that... takes issue with...

Adding

In addition...

I might add that...

As well as...

Further more…

Moreover... there is also…

Giving an example

Let me give an example...

To illustrate the point...

A case in point is...

Balancing

On the one hand..., but on the other hand...

Although we mustn't forget...

Whereas we have to remember...

In spite of...I still think...

Despite the fact that...I...

Stating preferences

I'd rather...than...

I prefer to...

I tend to favour... as opposed...

The main advantage of... is that...

Making digression

Let me mention in passing...

Oh, that makes me think...

To change the subject...

97

By the way...

Oh, that reminds me...

While I remember...

To get off the topic for a moment... but that is beside the

point...

Returning to the topic

Anyway, I was saying...

Back to our main topic...

To come back to what I was saying...

To go on with what I was saying...

Introducing something surprising

Believe it or not...

In fact...

Let's face it...

Oddly enough...

Surprisingly...

This is hard to believe, but...

You may not believe this, but...

Stressing something

to stress,

to emphasize,

to underline,

to point , to lay/put/place special emphasis,

to lay stress...

Referring to something

to allude, refer, specify, cite quote

Generalizing

On the whole...

All things considered...

In general...

Generally speaking...

By and large...

For the most part...

Normally...

Typically...

98

Usually...

Hardly ever...

Seldom/rarely...

Summing up

In sum...

in summary...

in a nutshell...

to sum up...

to summarize...

Concluding

Let me conclude by saying ...

I'd like to conclude by saying...

In conclusion I'd like to reiterate that...

I would now like to conclude my comments by reassuring you, that

we are fully aware of the fact that...

Giving opinion: (to form one's opinion, a high, low opinion of...)

Strong Opinion

I firmly believe that...

I'm certain, that...

I'm absolutely convinced that...

It’s my considered opinion, that...

It’s believe that...

Neutral Opinion

I think that...

I believe (feel) that...

In my opinion (view)...

It’s my opinion that...

As I see it...

As far as I am concerned...

From my point of view...

Tentative Opinion

It seems to me that...

I would say that...

As far as I'm able to judge...

I think it would be fair to say...

99

It’s hard to predict the course of events in the future, but there is

some evidence of improvement (deterioration) of the (crisis, emergen-

cy, delicate, desperate, embarrassing, explosive, hopeless, intolerable,

housing, international, world, political) situation.

Phrase Openings and Linking Words

The article starts off with the statement / assumption that...

To begin with / to start with... The first thing to be said is...

In the first place...

Firstly, secondly, finally / lastly...

It's a well-known fact that...

It's common knowledge that...

Needless to say that...

It goes without saying...

On the one hand...

On the other hand...

The fact is...

As a matter of fact...

Actually...

Many people consider/believe that...

We must bear in mind ...

On the face of it...

In any case...

Accepting the fact that...

There are many pros and cons here...

It must be admitted/noted/pointed out that.

Much depends on who/when/how/what...

What's more...

In addition to this ...

With reference to ...

For this reason ...

As for ...

In any case ...

It is interesting to note that...

What matters most here is...

Of great importance is the fact that...

What really matters is...

It is important to clarify that...

100

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]