Международный экзамен по английскому языку. Стратегия и тактика письма

112Как написать успешное сочинение

3.Rarely it does rain in July.

4.Hardly Mike finished his test, than his teacher came in.

5.Only once I have had such a faithful friend.

6.Not a single ship they could see.

7.Here Mary comes.

8.Here comes she.

9.So hungry he was that he ate nonstop.

10.Seldom Mike was glad.

**Задание 44. Correct missing and “double” subject sentences.

1.Without a doubt, is very important to study well.

2.If they are prepared skilfully, prawns they can be

tasty.

3.The human brain it is so highly developed.

4.Being an open minded man, welcomes innovation.

5.Mary she ran into her room.

6. When is gone.

7.Both of them, they have offered to help you with your problems.

8.Signing a contract it is a big step for someone as young as you are.

9.Either you or I we will be the first to give our pre sentation.

**Задание 45. Make the following sentences parallel.

1.I am hot, tired, and need something to drink.

2.I neither know what book she reads nor where she bought it.

3.Mrs. Pearson was a thoughtful daughter, an affec tionate wife and kind to her children.

Исправление ошибок на уровне содержания и языковой формы 113

4.Life is more simple and people are more comforted than people who lived in the eighteenth century.

5.You should check your essay quickly but careful.

6.The house was beautiful, convenience, and had a lot of space.

7.Some people say it is easy to get into but difficult to graduate the university.

8.A teacher can tell you what is wrong or which better way is.

9.I like to visit foreign countries and spending my hol idays there.

10.The chief executive either should decide to recruit new employees or retrain the current ones.

**Задание 46. Use the correct tense forms.

1.I live in Moscow before.

2.While he was driving home, he had been plunging into thoughts.

3.We are trying to attend lessons at least twice a

week.

4.Mike travelled a lot and had been visiting many places of interest.

5.When the interviewer asked him if he is going to make his speech at the meeting, the top manager hadn’t answered.

6.He had breakfast when the crash was reporting.

7.Two days ago I had fallen off my bike and broke my

leg.

8.The film has already started when we arrived.

9.When the concert began, I’ll take the seat.

10.I decided there will be only one way to become a

boss.

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**Задание 47. Use 5 ways to correct a runDon sentence.

Some students prefer living in the hostels some students prefer living in the apartments.

1.Make two sentences.

2.Use a coordinating conjunction (for, and, but…) or a transitional adverb (however, therefore, consequently…).

3.Use a semicolon (;).

4.Use a dash (–).

5.Make one a dependent clause.

**Задание 48. Insert the necessary punctuation.

1.I like red and I wear red clothes a lot.

2.Mr. Brown who lives next door is my best friend.

3.Because I arrived on time I could leave early.

4.I am an early bird therefore I get up early in the morning.

5.Although I am an early bird I can work round the

clock.

6.Peter who comes from the USA stayed at the ho

tel.

7.I arrived on time for the interview however I forgot my papers.

8.After Mary left home she never appeared there

again.

*Задание 49. Try to create an interesting title that connects to the following essay assignments.

1. Describe a time when you and your friend sharply disagreed about an important issue. What was the out come?

Исправление ошибок на уровне содержания и языковой формы 115

2.It has been said: “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important?

3.Compare yourself of today and yourself five years ago. In what ways are you the same or different?

4.In general, people are living longer now. How will this change affect society?

5.Some people work more effectively during the day, while other people work much more effectively at night. Discuss which type of person you are. Give reasons and examples for your opinion.

6.Imagine that you have received some land to use as you wish. How would you use this land?

7.Some people prefer to play team sports, while others prefer to play individual sports. Discuss the advantages of each. Then show which you prefer and why.

8.Many families have important traditions that fami ly members share. Tell about one of your family’s impor tant traditions.

9.Choose a building that has a special meaning for you. Explain why this building is important to you. Support your explanation with specific details.

10.Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies, do you think, is better?

11.Do you agree or disagree with the following state ment: “I think there is too much violence in movies”?

Prove your point of view. Use specific examples.

12.People behave differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people behave?

116Как написать успешное сочинение

13.You want to persuade someone to study your native language. What reasons would you give?

14.Think of the most important class you have ever taken. Why did you enjoy this class so much?

**Задание 50. Assignment: Your country is going to build a new national institute or university. What academic area should be the main focus of the establishment? Use specific reasons and examples. SupD port your answer.

What do the words in bold type indicate? Edit the mistakes. Create an interesting title.

Introduction:

Have you ever heard about Swiss Federal Research In stitute (SFRI), conducting research in the fields of science and ecology? Do you know that SFRI conducts research with many partners abroad? Why not become one of it’s partners? I am too concerned about the way we live, and I place a lot of importance on building up a great scient ific centre. I advice to build a National Multidisciplinary Research Institute (NMRI) for natural sciences and techno logies to protect Russian economy and develop international contacts.

1. Mini thesis:

Research at the boundary between science, practice and society.

Firstly, NMRI should develop, construct and operate complex research installations requiring high standards of knowledge, experience and professionalism. Secondly, NMRI was to become a leading user available laborato ries to the national and international community research. In Germany, for example, each year approximately 800 ex

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ternal researchers use the facilities at paul Scherrer In stitute (PSI) for his experiments. Moreover, working closely at the boundary between science, practice and so ciety NMRI could assumed an important educational role, as PSI where at present around 240 doctoral candidates were carrying out their researches.

2. Mini thesis:

Sustainable use of the ecology.

Not only will NMRI concentrate on projects that are relevant to sustainable use of natural resources, but also solve relative problems. On top of everything, NMRI will transform it’s research results for general practical use as well as for use by public administrators and the govern ment.

3. Mini thesis:

My solution of the problem is in building up a great sci entific centre.

If I were asked to decide whether to build a national re search institute or some university, I will prefer the first one. Although there is a great demand in new educational establishments in Russia, it would be much more reason able to develop a unique centre, conducting solid state re search vital to the technological development and compet itiveness of the Russian economics.

Key points for research aims to strengthen the position of NMRI as a user laboratory.

Conclusion:

Take care of the environment, and the environment will take care of you. If sustainable use of raw materials is under control of the government, we would provide the future generations with all the necessary things. The

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environment in which people can, live, work and enjoy a sense of well being — the responsibility is our, today and tomorrow.

Итак, корректура — последний этап в работе над со чинением, этап, на котором вы обращаете внимание на отдельные слова, фрагменты предложений, грамматику, пунктуацию, формат вашего сочинения. Таким образом, вы ставите точку в ваших рассуждениях на заданную тему, продемонстрировав читателю ваше умение анали зировать события, сопоставлять факты и делать выводы.

ПОСЛЕСЛОВИЕ

Искусству составления сочинения для сдачи междуна родных языковых экзаменов, например TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) или IELTS (International English Language Testing), нужно учиться. К сочинению предъявляются самые серьезные требования. В первую очередь, оно должно быть увлекательным, продуман ным, четко структурированным, грамотным. Кроме то го, сочинение должно отражать вашу индивидуальность, ваше видение проблемы, умение анализировать, делать выводы. В предлагаемом методическом пособии вы мо жете найти все необходимые рекомендации по данному вопросу.

Чтобы написать хорошее сочинение, надо уже на на чальном этапе работы продумать его содержание и струк туру в соответствии с вашей целью (для чего?), интереса ми (о чем?) и требованиями (что и как?). Таким образом, ваша работа над сочинением должна пройти несколько этапов:

Первый этап, «Подготовка и планирование сочине ния», подразумевает определение стратегии и тактики написания сочинения, а именно: постановку цели выска зывания, понимание поставленной задачи, «мозговой штурм», разработку главного тезиса, планирование со чинения.

120 Как написать успешное сочинение

Второй этап, «Написание сочинения», поможет ото брать необходимые идеи и сформулировать их в виде предварительной версии сочинения.

Третий этап, «Исправление ошибок на уровне содер жания и языковой формы», необходим для того, чтобы ваша предварительная версия превратилась в сочинение, отвечающее всем международным требованиям, и в то же время доказывающее вашу творческую индивидуаль ность.

Владение стратегией и тактикой письменной речи по зволит научиться, как себя вести в стрессовой ситуации на письменном экзамене, где вы ограничены временем и темой сочинения.