Management in veterinary medicine. Workshop

ing circuits for ultrasound or adjusted receipt of calving in a certain period of the year. In Western Europe the schematic of the ultrasound applied to achieve uniformity of calving during the calendar year. In Belarus dairy farming functions as a major industrial production in conditions of loose cattle on the dairy complexes, therefore, the scheme proposed by the authors, also aimed at obtaining a uniform number of calving throughout the year.

Ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy and of infertility causes has the following advantages compared to conventional manual palpation: earlier (on average 45-60 days) detecting the absence of pregnancy, and the reasons for its lack inseminated livestock; a more precise definition of the reasons of infertility. In practice, even experienced veterinary doctors-gynecol- ogists are often confused follicular cyst a follicle. In addition, diagnosis of endometritis when it is chronic latent within the method of rectal palpation is almost impossible, which is the major cause of multiple unfruitful inseminations; an exceptional opportunity as the uterus and ovaries to determine the stage of the sexual cycle of each animal, ensuring the identification of all animals in the hunt; facilitating calculation of the percentageofearlyembryonicmortality(difficulttodiagnose) when comparing the results of the diagnosis of pregnancy 30 days and 90 days after insemination; the precise definition of term pregnancy on the basis of such parameters of the fetus, as kopcik-parietal distance, the size of the orbit, the length of the head, etc., which is important for natural insemination of heifers either in artificial insemination of animals with lost individual rooms, as well as in beef farming.

Scheme ultrasound.

Let us consider the possibilities and sequence organization of ultrasound examinations carried out in order to improve the reproduction of the herd in terms of loose housing of cattle on the dairy complexes, in the following table.

It is advisable to have an ultrasound, as in the case of em-

81

bryonic mortality and other causes of a cow can develop pyometra. When performing rectal palpation this pathology can easily be confused with pregnancy.

The recommended scheme of ultrasonic diagnostics is constantly advisable to use for all farm animals, except for culled livestock. However, it should be remembered that this scheme is averaged, as in a production environment found animals that did not show the hunt 90 days or more after calving, not pregnant after insemination and repeatedly inseminated (that livestock should be evaluated separately and treatment is based on the terms of the proposed scheme). Scheme ultrasound

Let us consider the possibilities and sequence organization of ultrasound examinations carried out in order to improve the reproduction of the herd in terms of loose housing of cattle on the dairy complexes, in the following table.

It is advisable to have an ultrasound, as in the case of embryonic mortality and other causes of a cow can develop pyometra. When performing rectal palpation this pathology can easily be confused with pregnancy.

The recommended scheme of ultrasonic diagnostics is constantly advisable to use for all farm animals, except for culled livestock. However, it should be remembered that this scheme is averaged, as in a production environment found animals that did not show the hunt 90 days or more after calving, not pregnant after insemination and repeatedly inseminated (that livestock should be evaluated separately and treatment is based on the terms of the proposed scheme).

Scheme of ultrasonic diagnostics of reproductive organs of cows

82

Calculationofeconomicbenefitfromtheuseofultrasound for 1000 head of cattle.

Ultrasonic diagnostics allows to shorten the time from insemination to confirm pregnancy (identify nastulnyh animals) on average for 60 days in comparison with rectal diagnosis conducted on the 90th day after insemination.

Calculate the possibility of reducing days of barrenness on the herd:

200 cows x 60 days = 12,000 days of barrenness. Minimal losses from one day barrenness is 400 tenge per

1 head.

Calculate the losses from barrenness 200 cows:

12 000 days barrenness x 400 tenge = 4.8 million tenge. Calculate the cost of an ultrasound diagnosis of the herd

(1,000 head) for the calendar year:

1000 head x 300 tenge = 0.30 million tenge.

On this basis, the net profit from the reduction of barrenness in the herd (1,000 head) will be:

4.8 million tenge. – 3.3 million tenge = 4.5 million tenge per year.

The above economic calculation is given for the economy, which attracts to perform ultrasound specialists from outside agencies, provided the cost of the study 1 head 300 tenge. The cost of this service shall consist of: 150 tenge - wage specialist for study 1 head of cattle; 150 tenge depreciation costs

83

of the ultrasound equipment, enterprise taxes and transportation costs.

Purchase a farm of their own ultrasound equipment and training staff how to conduct ultrasound examinations are economically justified only when the existing livestock population of 1,500 cows and more for two main reasons. The first is the lack of highly qualified personnel (including able to teach), incomplete staffing of the veterinary services in many farms, the high turnover of veterinary personnel in agricultural organizations. Ultrasonic diagnosis, it is advisable to only teach specialist with experience veterinary surgeon-gynecolo- gist at least 2 years who performed rectal diagnosis is not less than 1000 head of cattle per month.

The second reason is the high cost of high-quality ultrasound scanners with greater functionality and linear probes, which averages about 20 thousand dollars USA. To purchase such expensive equipment and consumables to him to study several hundred animals per month in one household irrational.

The solution can be the attraction to this type of work of party organizations, staffed by experienced veterinary doc- tors-gynaecologists trained to the method of ultrasonic diagnostics and having in its Arsenal of modern equipment. It’s better to hire the same experts, under the responsibility of each household, and to perform diagnostics 1-2 times a month (depending on volume contained livestock). Resulting from this study recommendations will enable the veterinary service management to apply the most rational treatment of animals. Scheme «animal - diagnosis - treatment - control» is the most rational way of improving the efficiency of reproduction of the herd.

Questions and tasks for self-examination

1. Methods of calculating the economic effect of the use of ultrasound?

84

TOPIC 15. STATE VETERINARY-SANITARY

SUPERVISION

The aim of the lesson: to give an idea of veterinary supervision in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Glossary: the office of the authorized state body in the field of veterinary medicine (hereinafter the Agency) - the Committee authorized state body in the field of veterinary medicine, exercising the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision; territorial subdivision - subdivision located on the respective administrative-ter- ritorial units (region, district, city, regional or national significance, the capital).

Materials: the law “On veterinary medicine” of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, 2002; D. Khusainov., N. Akhmetsadykov, G. Shabdarbaeva, O. Berkinbay, A. Mutaliev, H. Abeuov, G. Batanova, M. Berdykulov, S. Abrahmanov. Management in veterinary medicine and veterinary affairs organization / Tutorial: - Almaty: NurPrint, 2014. – 572 p.; «Regulations on the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision» Approved by decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 28 April 2003 No. 407.

The main objectives of the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision: prevention of infectious animal diseases, including diseases common to animals and humans; provision of veterinary-sanitary safety of objects of state veterinary and sanitary control and supervision; protection of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan from the introduction and spread of pathogens of infectious and exotic diseases of animals from other States; the prevention, detection, suppression and elimination of violations of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of veterinary.

State body carrying out state veterinary and sanitary control and supervision on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan are: the Agency with territorial departments, including veterinary control posts; the veterinary division of the state bodies, containing and using animals.

In Kazakhstan the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision is carried out: the Chief state veterinary inspector of

85

the Republic of Kazakhstan and his deputies; state veterinary and sanitary inspectors of the office of the authorized body; the chief state veterinary andsanitary inspectors of territorial departments and their deputies; state veterinary and sanitary inspectors of the territorial departments, including veterinary control posts; state veterinary and sanitary inspectors of objects of domestic trade and production facilities engaged in raising animals, harvesting (slaughtering), storage, processing and sale of animals, products and raw materials of animal origin, as well as organizations for the production, storage and sale of veterinary drugs, feed and feed additives; the heads of the veterinary units of government containing and uses of animals and their deputies exercising the state veterinary-san- itary control and surveillance of objects of state veterinary and sanitary control and supervision of their respective state agencies.

The head of the authorized state body in the field of veterinary medicine has the right to assign a special name “Of the Main state veterinary inspector of the Republic of Kazakhstan” the head of the Department.

The head of the Agency shall be entitled to assign special names “Deputy Chief state veterinary and sanitary inspector of the Republic of Kazakhstan “, and to the respective positions of administrative civil servants of territorial divisions of the office of the special names “of the main state veterinarysanitary inspector and Deputy chief state veterinary and sanitary inspector”.

Other officials of the Ministry, directly responsible for the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision, are subject to state veterinary and sanitary inspectors.

The main state veterinary and sanitary inspectors and their deputies have a seal with its name in the state language, forms of the established sample.

State veterinary-sanitary control and supervision for the purpose of verifying the requirements of the laws of the Re-

86

public of Kazakhstan, decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and decrees of the Government of the

Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of veterinary medicine is: the objects of internal trade; at the sites of production engaged in raising animals, harvesting (slaughtering), storage, processing and sale of animals, products and raw materials of animal origin, as well as in organizations for the production, storage and sale of veterinary drugs, feed and feed additives; natural and legal persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities in the field of veterinary medicine, including licensed; in the Republican state enterprise established to carry out the following functions relating to state monopoly: diagnosis of highly dangerous animal diseases included in the list approved by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan; diagnosis of enzootic animal diseases included in the list approved by the authorized body in the field of veterinary medicine; in the Republican state enterprise, established to implement the following functions: function reference on the diagnosis of animal diseases; epizootic monitoring of wild animal diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan; of reference deposited with the National collection of cultures of microorganisms; registration tests, testing of veterinary drugs, feed additives and control series (lots) of drugs in their complaint; state monitoring, references to ensure food security; monitoring of the safety of veterinary drugs, feed and feed additives; in the state veterinary institution established to carry out the following functions: the elimination of outbreaks of highly dangerous animal diseases included in the list approved by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan; disinfection of vehicles on veterinary control posts; the seizure and destruction of animals suffering from a particularly dangerous animal diseases in the state; storage of the national inventory of veterinary drugs; to the state veterinary organizations created by local executive bodies to carry out the following functions: carrying out veterinary measures against especially

87

dangerous and enzootic animal diseases; the identification of farm animals; the provision of services for artificial insemination of animals; provision of services on transportation (delivery), storage of veterinary drugs against highly dangerous and enzootic diseases of animals, and transportation (delivery) of products (vehicles) and attributes of veterinary the purpose for conducting identification of agricultural animals; the contents of the burial sites (biothermal pits), slaughter area, built by the local executive bodies of the respective ad- ministrative-territorial units; capture and destruction of stray dogs and cats; other activities in the field of veterinary medicine that are not prohibited by law; in the border and customs checkpoints (checkpoints across the State border of the Republic of Kazakhstan, coinciding with the customs border of the Customs Union) during transportation (moving control of the state veterinary-sanitary the control and supervision of movable (transportable) facilities across the State border of the Republic of Kazakhstan, coinciding with the customs border of the Customs Union; during transport (move), loading, discharging control of the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision of movable (transportable) objects; on all types of vehicles on all types of containers, packing materials, which can be a factor in the transmission of pathogens of animals; sheep tracks, routes, areas of pastures and watering animals, involving their transportation routes (move); in the territories, in the production facilities and the activities of individuals and legal entities, growing, storing, processing, selling or using control of the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision of movable (transportable) objects, as well as carrying out activities in the field of veterinary medicine; compliance with hygiene and veterinary (veterinary-sanitary) requirements for the placement, construction, reconstruction and commissioning of burial sites (biothermal pits), of objects of state veterinary and sanitary control and supervision, associated with the maintenance, cultivation, use, production,

88

harvesting (slaughtering), storage, processing and marketing, as well as during the transportation (movement) control of the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision of movable (transportable) objects; in divisions of local executive bodies operating in the field of veterinary.

State veterinary-sanitary control and supervision at automobile checkpoints across the State border of the Republic of Kazakhstan, coinciding with the customs border of the Customs Union, by the state veterinary and sanitary inspectors seconded to the customs authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

State veterinary-sanitary control and supervision on objects of domestic trafficking organizations for the production, harvesting (slaughtering), storage, use, processing and sale of animals, products and raw materials of animal origin at border and customs points (points crossing the State border of the Republic of Kazakhstan, coinciding with the customs border of the Customs Union) during transportation (moving control of the state veterinary-sanitary control and supervision of facilities across the State border of the Republic of Kazakhstan, coinciding with the customs border of the Customs Union, as well as in the quarantine zones and bad points of especially dangerous diseases of animals and birds for compliance with the requirements of the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and decrees of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of veterinary medicine to prevent outbreaks, the spread of infectious animal diseases, to ensure veterinary-san- itary safety of products and raw materials of animal origin and the protection of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan from the introduction and spread of particularly dangerous and exotic diseases of animals is carried out daily.

Inspections for compliance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of veterinary medicine in the activities of natural and legal persons engaged in entre-

89

preneurial activities in the field of veterinary medicine, is the decision of the Agency and its territorial divisions, heads of the veterinary units of government containing and uses of animals.

By results of check of observance of requirements of laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and decrees of the Government of the

Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of veterinary inspectors of the state veterinary and sanitary inspector inspection act is drawn up.

According to the results of other forms of state veteri- nary-sanitary control of objects of veterinary-sanitary control and supervision, in case of revealing of infringements of requirements of laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and decrees of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of veterinary medicine, state inspection veterinarysanitary inspector depending on the established violations of requirements of laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and decrees of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the order, shall issue an order for seizure of animals, products and raw materials of animal origin are particularly dangerous for the health of animals and humans, but without bringing to administrative responsibility, with the obligatory explanation of the subject of private entrepreneurship in the order of its removal.

In case of detection of violations of requirements of laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and decrees of the Government of the

RepublicofKazakhstaninthefieldofveterinaryinspectorsof the state veterinary and sanitary inspector of the results of the inspection is a requirement, shall pass a resolution on imposition of administrative penalties depending on the nature of the violations within its jurisdiction.

If after testing, do not have any violations, then this in the

90