Management in veterinary medicine. Workshop

isolated from each other, ensuring the impossibility of contact of animals with each other; in the organization of cells into several levels need a solid impervious floor. Note - floor must create the possibility of wet cleaning of each floor without leaking dirt and detergents.

In the laboratory must be capable of conducting clinical analysis of feces, urine and blood. The laboratory should be equipped with exhaust ventilation with air filtration. In the laboratory should be placed in the refrigerator for storage and accumulation of biological material, reagents and standards. The hospital is used for preparation of patients to surgery or complex procedures or for rehabilitation procedures after surgery or complicated procedures. Hospitals are located in the veterinary hospitals. Hospitals are divided: on mobile devices for animal welfare (individual cells) which are designed to move and expand in the therapeutic area offices; specialized facilities for keeping animals.

When using mobile devices for animals must be complied with the following requirements: free access to the doctor or paramedic to the animal-patient without reserve movements in the carrying out manipulations with the necessary tools; fixture size (cells) must accommodate the animal-the patient in the supine position, compressing the limbs and head; the floor of the cage must allow the liquid; under the floor of the cage should be placed in the tray to collect liquid and debris area of not less than the area of the floor, the pallet should be freely removed and inserted in place without the necessity of tilting or folding; a cage that is open on all sides, shall be provided with a cover or blanket for protection from drafts and visual isolation of the patient.

At the organization of specialized premises for keeping animals must comply with the following requirements: for the organization of a hospital cannot use the standards and rules developed for the organization of the vivarium. Note - In the vivarium together animals of the same species or of the same

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family having the same or similar condition; the patient may contain a variety of animal species with different condition and with different diseases; individual cells must be securely isolated from each other, ensuring the impossibility of contact of animals with each other; in the organization of cells into several levels need a solid impervious floor. Note - floor must create the possibility of wet cleaning of each floor without leaking dirt and detergents.

In the laboratory must be capable of conducting clinical analysis of feces, urine and blood. The laboratory should be equipped with exhaust ventilation with air filtration. In the laboratory should be placed in the refrigerator for storage and accumulation of biological material, reagents and standards.

The primary area of preparation of biological material should be equipped laboratory table. For laboratory table have the following requirements: the surface should be made of metal, plastic, resistant to chemical and thermal influences, or covered with ceramic tiles with grouting polymer material. The edge of the table must have an edge to limit the spreading of liquids. The laboratory should be fitted with the following equipment: low-speed centrifuge with a speed of up to 2000 revolutions/minute and centrifugation glass or polymer vials; the microscope (to allow for analysis of blood cells and urine sediment); biochemical analyzer or photocolorimeter or spectrophotometer; a set of dispensers with replaceable polymer tips with volumes from 20 µl to 5 ml; a water purification system, aquadistillators or filter/absorption columns. Note - if in the lab more productive automatic or robotic equipment, the above set, designed for manual operation, will assure business continuity in case of failure of complex equipment.

The objects of the veterinary profession needs to ensure a safe environment for veterinary patients and visitors in compliance with the rules and requirements established by the regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Performers veterinary services veterinary facilities activi-

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ties must comply with sanitary-hygienic, fire-prevention and anti-epidemic rules and regulations with regard to: the availability of necessary firefighting equipment and inventory; cleaning; professional processing linen; content and process cleaning equipment; waste disposal and protection from insects and rodents.

Noise levels on site and in the building of the facility the veterinary profession and in case of their placement in residential buildings, shall not exceed the standards established for residential and public buildings.

The objects of the veterinary profession should not have harmful effects on the environment. Waste facilities of the veterinary profession, including biological waste and animal carcasses should be collected, removed and disposed of by specialized organizations. Allowed the accumulation of biological waste in low-temperature freezers.

Questions and tasks for self-examination

1.How to organize medical assistance to animals in veterinary clinics of different ownership forms?

2.How the work is organized veterinary office, veterinary clinic, veterinary hospital?

TOPIC 11. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF

CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF

CONDUCTING VETERINARY ACTIVITIES

The aim of the lesson: introduce the full concept of the economics of veterinary activities.

Materials: the law “On veterinary medicine” of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, 2002; D. Khusainov., N. Akhmetsadykov, G. Shabdarbaeva, O. Berkinbay, A. Mutaliev, H. Abeuov, G. Batanova, M. Berdykulov, S. Abrahmanov. Management in veterinary medicine and veterinary affairs organization / Tutorial: - Almaty: Nur-Print, 2014. – 572 p.

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To characterize the economic efficiency of preventive, promotive and curative measures aimed at prevention of diseases, death of animals, loss of livestock production, there is a system of the following indicators: actual and prevented economic losses, the economic impact of veterinary interventions, the effectiveness of 1 tenge cost, recoupment of capital investment, the total index labour productivity veterinary specialists.

Under actual economic loss realize losses from animal diseases, expressed in monetary terms. Animal diseases cause different types of economic losses from mortality, slaughter, forced destruction of animals, to reduce the productivity and value of animals, reducing the quality of product, rejection of the affected products and raw materials, deficiency of offspring, downtime working animals, etc. The economic damage is calculated according to current market prices for livestock products. When assessing for an extended period (5-10 years) use of comparable prices.

Prevented damage is the economic result of the implementation of veterinary measures characterizing the size prevent possible losses of products with varying disease through effective veterinary activities. Prevented the damage includes the cost of animals protected from mortality, and costs saved as a result of prevention of animal diseases, reduce the length of foot, to prevent loss of quality and spoilage.

The cost of the veterinary activities is the aggregate of all costs associated with their implementation - pay veterinary specialists, the cost of veterinary drugs, instruments, uniforms, maintenance of buildings, equipment, disinfection products, etc.

Economic efficiency of veterinary measures is the amount of avoided damage in livestock, the cost received in addition by increasing the quantity and improving product quality, saving labor and material costs resulting from the use of new tools and methods (ways) of veterinary event.

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Economic efficiency of veterinary actions is composed of the following indicators: the damage prevented by reducing mortality, slaughter, destruction of animals, loss of production, avoid reducing the breeding values of animals, ensure the quality of products and raw materials of animal origin, reducing the loss of offspring, prevent downtime working animals, saving material and labor resources for anti-epizootic, veterinary-sanitary, medical and preventive measures through the use of more effective means, of products, methods and technologies the additional value obtained by increasing production and improving the quality of products and raw materials of animal origin, the savings generated in related industries, in health and in the area of environmental protection as a result of the effective measures against animal diseases.

Economic efficiency of veterinary measures determined in each separate sector of any form of ownership, area, region and Republic. Distinguish between economic, sectoral and inter-sectoral economic effect.

Depending on the purpose of economic calculations identify a suspected, anticipated, planned and actual economic effect.

The estimated economic impact is determined at the planning stage of the scientific study of veterinary medicine.

The expected economic effect is calculated on completed research for an economic justification of scientific advice.

The planned economic effect the development of plans for the development of new veterinary activities.

The actual economic effect set according to the results of veterinary measures on the farm, district, region, Republic.

Economic efficiency of 1 tenge cost characterizes the impact of the work of veterinary professionals invested in the implementation of veterinary measures, as well as material and financial resources used for these purposes.

Under the labor productivity of the veterinary specialists understand the degree of fruitfulness of their work. It is mea-

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sured by the amount of the work done in unit time spent per unit volume.

The total performance index of veterinary measures is a generalized statistical indicators characterizing the level of effectiveness of interventions in different farms, the degree of effectiveness of different methods and means of prophylaxis andmedicaltreatmentofanimalsandtheeconomicefficiency of veterinary actions for years.

Questions and tasks for self-examination

1. List the main economic indicators of the effectiveness of veterinary interventions.

TOPIC 12. CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CONDUCTING VETERINARY

ACTIVITIES AT NON-COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES OFYOUNGANIMALS

The aim of the lesson: introduction to the calculations of economic efficiency when carrying out veterinary activities at non-communicable diseases of young animals.

Materials: the law “On veterinary medicine” of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, 2002; D. Khusainov., N. Akhmetsadykov, G. Shabdarbaeva, O. Berkinbay, A. Mutaliev, H. Abeuov, G. Batanova, M. Berdykulov, S. Abrahmanov. Management in veterinary medicine and veterinary affairs organization / Tutorial: - Almaty: Nur-Print, 2014. – 572 p.

Economic efficiency of veterinary measures characterizes the system of economic indicators. For each indicator the technique of determining.

Prevented economic damage is determined through the use of the regulatory framework, including indicators of morbidity, mortality, economic damage caused by diseases, the cost of veterinary activities. Each of these indicators is established on the basis of sample studies for the period of trouble

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farms, registration of non-communicable diseases, as well as on experimental data.

The possible morbidity and mortality calculated for each individual disease. The incidence rate (Ir1) in problem herds characterizes the incidence of animals in the wild, when not previously carried out preventive measures, the incidence rate is determined by dividing the number of diseased animals in the number of susceptible in these farms. This coefficient is used in the definition of damage prevented by preventive and curative measures in the farms.

The incidence rate (Ir2) in the region of the country (region, district) is found by dividing the total number of sick animals in the region on the number of available animals.

The case fatality rate (Fr1) is set by dividing the number of dead animals on the number of cases.

The coefficient slaughter is calculated by dividing the total number of slaughtered animals in a number of cases.

The specific value of loss of the principal products of one sick animal (Vl) is set by dividing the total notional principal products (milk, live weight, etc.) on the number of sick animals. Such values are installed in infectious, parasitic and noninfectiousdiseasesofanimals.Theyareusedinthedefinition of damage prevented as a result of preventive or curative measures.

Economic damage prevented by the prevention and elimination of diseases or treatment of sick animals, are defined differently, due to different potential risk of a disease, as well as the different nature of possible product loss.

In the calculation of avoided damage use the following specificvaluesofeconomicdamage:onesick,dead,ill,killed, and forced to cash animal.

Thespecificvalueofeconomicdamageononesickanimal

(Q1) is determined by dividing the total amount of damages in all the study farms the number of sick animals; one dead animal (Q2) - by dividing the loss from mortality the number

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of dead animals; the animal had been ill (Q3) - by dividing the cost of lost production on the number of animals recover from; one is forced to killed animal (Q4) by dividing the sum of the damage from slaughter by the number of slaughtered animals; one animal cash (Q5) - by dividing the total economic damage caused by the disease in the natural course, a number of cash allowed.

The specific value of damage on one sick animal (Q1) used in determining the damage prevented as a result of the wellness, preventive measures.

The specific value of economic damage in one dead heat, forced animal killed (Q2, Q3, Q4,) is used in the definition of damage prevented by the implementation of therapeutic interventions for infectious and non-communicable diseases, as well as to establish the damage caused by the disease across the district, region and Republic.

Economic damage prevented by the prevention and elimination of diseases or treatment of sick animals, define differently, due to the potential danger of a disease, as well as with different character production possible losses.

The damage prevented by the prevention and elimination of contagious and non-contagious animal diseases in farm (Pu1), is defined as the difference between potential and actual economic damage according to the formula Pu1= Mo x Ir1 x Vr x A - U,

where Mo is the total number of susceptible animals or cash in the economy; Ir1 - a possible factor in the incidence of animals; Vr is the specific amount of losses of principal products per sick animal, kg/t; A - average unit price, tenge; U - the actual economic damage tenge.

The damage prevented as a result of treatment of sick animals (Pu2), is defined as the difference between the possible economic damage from the loss and the actual damage caused by the disease as a result of foot-and deaths of animals, according to the formula

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Pu2 = Ml x Kl x W x A - U,

where Ml is the number of cases of the treated animals;

Kl - coefficient of mortality of animals; W - average weight of animals; A - unit price, tenge; U - the actual economic damage.

Example. The farm established disease gastroenteritis of pigs. Ill 100, died 3 pigs. The case fatality rate of 0.05, the average live weight of pigs of 100 kg, the price of 1 kg of live weight 400 tenge. Causing economic losses in the amount of 120 thousand tenge. As a result of therapeutic interventions prevented economic damage equal to Pu2 = 100 x 0,05 x 100 x 400 - 120000 = 80 thousand tenge.

The damage prevented by the prevention and eradication of animal diseases in the region (Pu3) determined by the formula

Pu3 = (Mo x Ir2 - Ns) Vr x A,

where M0 is the number of susceptible animals in the region (district), oblast, Republic; Ir2 - a possible factor in the incidence of animals in the region; Ns - the number of sick animals in the region;Vristhespecificamountoflossesofprincipalproductsper sick animal; A - unit price, tenge.

The economic effect resulting from the preventive health and medical events (Ev), calculated from the formula Ev = Pu + Ao + Ez - Va,

where PU - economic damage prevented as a result of the veterinary measures tenge; Ao - cost, additionally obtained by increasing the quantity and improving product quality, tenge; Ez - saving labor and material costs resulting from the application of more effective means and methods of conducting veterinary activities, tenge; Va - expenses for veterinary activities, tenge.

Additional cost (Ac), obtained by increasing the number of products and higher quality as a result of application of more effective means and methods of disease prevention and treatment of sick animals, determined by the formula

Ac = (Vpo - Vpe) x Na

where Vpo and Vpe - cost manufactured or sold products when you apply correspondingly more effective and common means per treated animal; Na - number of treated animals (amount of work).

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Reduced labor and material costs (E3), due to a change in current production costs or capital expenditure in the veterinary activities, determined by the formula

E3 = [(Sb + Nc x Kb) - (Sn + Nc x Kn)] x An,

where Sb and Sn, - current production costs for veterinary activities respectively in the base and new versions (frames) per treated animal (unit of work); Nc - normative coefficient of capital investment,0.15;KbandKn-specificcapitalinvestmentsperunit of work, respectively, in base and new versions (frames); An - volume veterinary work carried out with the use of new means and methods of prevention, eradication and treatment of animals.

Example. In the farm were recorded disease of calves catarrhal bronchopneumonia. Treatment of animals was carried out in two ways: the first way - blockade stellate node according to method

N. A. Urazaeva and intramuscular bicillin-3; the second method is spray-applied norsulfazola with penicillin. The cost of treating one calf the first method was 1000 tenge, the second 750 tenge. In the treatment of the second method used the aerosol generator and the compressor, the specific capital costs per calf was 150 tenge. The second treatment method is subjected to 40 calves. The cost savings in the second method of treatment was

E3 = [(1000 + 0,15 x 0) - (750 + 0,15 x 15)]40 = 9100 tenge.

Economic efficiency of veterinary actions for 1 KZTcosts (Et) is determined by dividing the economic effect of the implementation of these measures: Et = Ev / Va,

where Ev is the economic effect, tenge.; Va - cost veterinary activities.

Economic efficiency of preventive measures and methods of treatment of animals at non-communicable diseases should be calculated using the system developed by the approximate characteristics of the most important diseases with consideration of the peculiarities of their manifestation. The estimated morbidity and mortality, the specific value of loss of main products at some non-communicable diseases of animals presented in the table.

Example. Definition of economic efficiency of preventive and curative interventions in the bronchopneumonia of calves.

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