Biographical notes

ADAMKIEWICZ Albert (1850–1921) Professor of Pathology in the University of Krakow and later, physician in Vienna.

Arterial supply of the spinal cord (see p. 491).

ALCOCK Benjamin (1801–?) Appointed Professor of Anatomy in Queen's College, Cork, in 1849 but was called upon to resign in 1853 in consequence of disputes about the working of the Anatomy Acts. Went to the USA in 1855 and was never heard of again.

Canal for the internal pudendal vessels in the ischioanal fossa (see p. 316).

ALLEN Edgar (1892–1943) Professor of Anatomy at Yale University, Connecticut, USA.

Test for contribution of blood to the hand by the ulnar artery (see p. 83).

ARGYLL Robertson (Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb) (1837–1909) Scottish ophthalmologist.

Loss of pupil contraction to light (see p. 465).

ARNOLD Julius (1835–1915) Professor of Pathology in Heidelberg.

Auricular branch of vagus (see p. 367).

AUERBACH Leopold (1828–1897) Professor of Neuropathology in Breslau.

Myenteric nerve plexus of the gut (see p. 247).

BABINSKI Joseph François Felix (1857–1932) Physician in Paris.

Extensor plantar response (see p. 18).

BARRETT Norman Rupert (1903–1979) An Australian from Adelaide, he was educated at Eton and the University of Cambridge in England. He became a surgeon to St Thomas' and the Brompton Hospitals, London.

Extensive columnar epithelial lining of lower oesophagus (see p. 209).

BARTHOLIN Caspar (Secundus) (1655–1738) Succeeded his father, Thomas Bartholin, as Professor of Medicine, Anatomy and Physics at Copenhagen.

Greater vestibular glands of the female perineum (see p. 306).

BEEVOR Charles Edward (1854–1968) London neurologist.

Sign of upward displacement of the umbilicus in lower abdominal paralysis (see p. 18).

BELL Sir Charles (1774–1842) Surgeon, anatomist and artist who taught in Edinburgh and London. Founded the Middlesex Hospital Medical School. Returned to Edinburgh to be Professor of Surgery.

Palsy of the facial nerve (see p. 501).

BERRY Sir James (1860–1946) A Canadian from Kingston, Ontario, he became a surgeon at the Royal Free Hospital, London.

Suspensory ligament of the thyroid gland (see p. 339).

BETZ Vladimir Aleksandrovich (1834–1894) Professor of Anatomy in Kiev from 1868 to 1889. Giant pyramidal cells of the motor cortex (see p. 464).

BIGELOW Henry Jacob (1818–1890) Professor of Surgery at Harvard University from 1849 to 1882.

Iliofemoral ligament of the hip joint (see p. 128).

BOCHDALEK Victor Alexander (1801–1883) Professor of Anatomy in Prague. Foramen in the diaphragm—site of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (see p. 187).

BOWMAN Sir William Paget (1816–1892) Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at King's College, London, from 1848 to 1856. Leading ophthalmic surgeon in England.

Capsule surrounding the glomerulus in the kidney (see p. 285), and anterior limiting membrane of the cornea (see p. 405).

BROCA Pierre Paul (1824–1880) Professor of Clinical Surgery and Director of the Anthropological Laboratories in Paris.

Speech area of the cerebral cortex (see p. 460).

BRODMANN Korbinian (1868–1918) German psychiatrist who became Professor of Anatomy at Tübingen.

Areas of the cerebral cortex (see p. 463).

BROWN-SÉQUARD Charles Édouard (1818–1894) Born in Mauritius, he became Professor of Medicine at Harvard University and, later, in Paris.

Syndrome of hemisection of the spinal cord (see p. 492).

BRUNNER Johann Konrad (1653–1727) Professor of Anatomy at Heidelberg and, later, at Strasburg.

Submucosal glands of the duodenum (see p. 248).

BUCK Gordon (1807–1877) New York surgeon.

Fascia of the penis (see p. 319).

CALOT Jean-François (1861–1944) French surgeon.

Triangle bounded by the common hepatic and cystic ducts and the liver (see p. 265).

CAMPER Petrus (1722–1789) Professor of Medicine, Anatomy, Surgery and Botany in Gröningen from 1763 to 1773.

Fatty layer of the superficial fascia of the abdomen (see p. 179).

CHARCOT Jean Martin (1825–1893) French neurologist at La Salpêtrière, Paris. He became Professor of Pathology in 1872 and the first Professor of Diseases of the Nervous System in 1882.

Artery of cerebral haemorrhage (see p. 473).

CHASSAIGNAC Charles Marie Édouard (1805–1879) Surgeon in Paris.

Carotid tubercle on the sixth cervical vertebra (see p. 432).

CLARKE Jacob Augustus Lockhart (1817–1880) Physician to the Hospital for Epilepsy and Paralysis, London. FRS 1854.

Thoracic nucleus of the spinal cord (see p. 490).

CLOQUET Jules Germain (1790–1883) Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Paris. Lymph node in the femoral canal (see p. 118).

COLLES Abraham (1773–1843) Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Dublin from 1804 to 1836. FRS 1802.

Fracture of the lower end of the radius (see p. 110), and superficial perineal fascia (see p. 319).

COOPER Sir Astley Paston (1768–1841) Surgeon to St Thomas' and Guy's Hospitals, London. President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Ligaments of the breast attached to the skin (see p. 57), and the pectineal ligament (see p. 222).

CORTI Alfonso (Marquis) (1822–1888) Italian anatomist and eminent histologist. Organ of hearing (see p. 420).

COWPER William (1666–1709) London surgeon. FRS 1698.

Bulbourethral glands (see p. 317).

DENONVlLLIERS Charles Pierre (1808–1872) Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Paris. Rectovesical fascia (see p. 294).

DESCEMET Jean (1732–1810) Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Paris. Posterior limiting membrane of the cornea (see p. 405).

DOUGLAS James (1675–1742) Anatomist and ‘man-midwife’ of London. Physician to Queen Caroline, wife of George II. FRS 1706.

Rectouterine peritoneal pouch (see p. 293); semicircular line of the rectus sheath (see p. 224).

DRUMMOND Hamilton (1882–1925) Surgeon in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Marginal artery of anastomoses between the ileocolic, right colic, middle colic, left colic and sigmoid arteries (see p. 258).

DUCHENNE Guillaume Benjamin Amand (1806–1875) An early specialist in neurology, he practised in Paris but held no hospital or university appointments.

Erb–Duchenne birth palsy of the upper brachial plexus (described by Erb) (see p. 96).

DUPUYTREN Guillaume (Baron) (1777–1835) Professor of Surgery in Paris. Contracture of the palmar aponeurosis (see p. 81).

EDINGER Ludwig (1855–1918) Anatomist and neurologist at Frankfurt am Main. WESTPHAL Karl Friedrich Otto (1833–1890) Professor of Psychiatry in Berlin.

Accessory nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (see p. 477).

ERB Wilhelm (1840–1921) Professor of Medicine and eminent neurologist at Leipzig and later, at Heidelberg.

Erb's palsy due to traction injury of the upper brachial plexus (see p. 96).

EUSTACHIO (EUSTACHI; EUSTACHIUS) Bartolomeo (1513–1574) Professor of Anatomy in Rome and physician to the Pope.

Auditory tube (see p. 417).

FABRICIUS Hieronymus (Girolamo Fabrizi of Aquapendente) (1533–1619) Professor of Surgery and Anatomy in Padua.

Bursa in chickens, giving the name to B lymphocytes (see p. 9).

FALLOT Étienne-Louis Arthur (1850–1911) French physician. Professor of Hygiene and Legal Medicine in Marseilles.

Tetralogy of congenital heart defects (see p. 206).

FOERSTER Otfried (1873–1941) Neurologist at the Psychiatric Clinic in Breslau. Dermatomes (see p. 14).

GALEN Claudius (Clarissimus) (ad 130–200) Physician in Rome. Surgeon to the gladiators in Pergamum. Later was for two years physician to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius in Venice.

Great cerebral vein (see p. 474).

GARTNER Hermann Treschow (1785–1827) Surgeon in the Norwegian and, later, Danish armies. Mesonephric duct remnant (see p. 306).

GENNARI Francesco (1750–1790) Physician and anatomist of Parma.

Stria of the visual area of the cerebral cortex (see p. 464).

GERDY (1797–1856) Surgeon and pathologist in Paris.

Facet on tibia for attachment of iliotibial tract (see p. 116).

GEROTA Dumitru (1867–1930) Professor of Surgery, Bucharest. He studied lymphatic injection techniques in Berlin.

Renal fascia (see p. 284).

GIMBERNAT Manuel Louise Antonio don (1734–1816) Professor of Anatomy in Barcelona from 1762 to 1774. Surgeon to King Charles III of Spain.

Lacunar ligament (see p. 222).

GIRALDÉS Joachim Albin Cardozo Cazado (1808–1875) Surgeon to the Hospital Beaujou in Paris and then Professor of Surgery. Died of a wound sustained while performing a postmortem.

Paradidymis (see p. 232)

GRAAF Regnier de (1641–1673) Anatomist and physician at Delft.

Maturing ovarian follicle (see p. 306).

GUYON Félix Jean Casimir (1831–1920) Genitourinary surgeon and Professor of Surgical Pathology in Paris.

Canal for the ulnar nerve and artery beside the pisiform bone (see p. 81).

HARRIS Henry Albert (1886–1968) Professor of Anatomy in Khartoum and, later, at the University of Cambridge.

Mnemonic for facts about the spleen (see p. 270).

HARTMANN Henry Albert Charles Antoine (1860–1952) Professor of Surgery in Paris. Pouch in the neck of the gallbladder (see p. 265).

HASSALL Arthur Hill (1817–1894) Physician and botanist. Practised in London and, later, on the Isle of Wight.

Thymic corpuscles (see p. 9).

HAVERS Clopton (1657–1702) London physician. FRS 1685.

Canals in bone (see p. 5); fat pads of joints (see p. 7).

HEAD Henry (1861–1940) Neurologist. Physician to the London Hospital. FRS 1899.

Dermatomes (see p. 14).

HEISTER Lorenz (1683–1758) Professor of Anatomy and Botany in Altdorf and, later, Professor of Surgery and Botany in Helmstadt.

Spiral mucosal fold in the cystic duct (see p. 265).

HENLE Friedrich Gustav Jakob (1809–1885) Professor of Anatomy in Göttingen from 1852 to 1885.

Tubules of the kidney (see p. 285).

HESSELBACH Franz Kaspar (1759–1816) Surgeon and anatomist, Professor of Surgery at Würzburg.

Inguinal triangle (see p. 228).

HIGHMORE Nathaniel (1613–1685) Physician in Sherborne, Dorset.

Maxillary sinus (see p. 376).

HIS Wilhelm (1863–1934) Professor of Anatomy successively at Leipzig, Basle, Göttingen and Berlin.

Atrioventricular bundle (see p. 203).

HORNER Johann Friedrich (1831–1916) Professor of Ophthalmology in Zurich.

Syndrome due to damage to the cervical sympathetic nerve fibres (see p. 408).

HOUSTON John (1802–1845) Lecturer in Surgery in Dublin and physician to the City Hospital.

Internal rectal folds (see p. 292).

HUMPHRY Sir George Murray (1820–1896) Professor of Anatomy at the University of Cambridge until 1883 when he became the first Professor of Surgery there. First President of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Anterior meniscofemoral ligament of the knee joint (see p. 139).

HUNTER John (1728–1793) London surgeon and anatomist. Founder of the Hunterian Museum (now in the custody of the Royal College of Surgeons of England).

Adductor canal (see p. 120).

JACOBSON Ludwig Levin (1783–1843) Anatomist and Physician in Copenhagen.

Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (see p. 366).

KIESSELBACH Wilhelm (1839–1902) Professor of Otology at Erlangen.

Arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum (see p. 375).

KILLIAN Gustav (1860–1921) Director of the Rhinolaryngological Clinic in Freiburg and later, Berlin.

Dehiscence between the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus parts of the inferior constrictor (see p. 385).

KLUMPKE Augusta (Madame Dejerine-Klumpke) (1859–1927) An American from San Francisco, she studied in Lausanne and Paris and was one of the first women doctors. Described the birth paralysis while still a student with Joseph Jules Dejerine (later Professor of Neurology), whom she married.

Paralysis due to birth injury of the lower brachial plexus (see p. 96).

KOCHER Emil Theodor (1841–1917) Professor of Clinical Surgery at Berne and winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1909 for work on the thyroid gland.

Subcostal abdominal incision (see p. 232); mobilization of the duodenum (see p. 269).

KUPFFER Karl Wilhelm von (1829–1902) Professor of Anatomy in Kiel (1867), Königsberg (1875) and Munich (1880).

Phagocytic cells of liver sinusoids (see p. 263).

LANGER Karl (1819–1887) Professor of Anatomy in Vienna.

Cleavage lines of the skin (see p. 2).

LANGERHANS Paul (1847–1888) Professor of Pathological Anatomy in Freiburg.

Endocrine islets of the pancreas (see p. 269).

LATARGET André (1876–1947) Professor of Anatomy at Lyons from 1925.

Branches of the vagal nerve trunks along the lesser curvature of the stomach (see p. 252).

LEYDIG Franz von (1821–1908) Professor of Histology in Würzburg, Tübingen and Bonn.

Interstitial cells of the testis (see p. 230).

LIEBERKÜHN Johann Nathanael (1711–1756) Physician and anatomist of Berlin, noted for his technique of injecting.

Intestinal crypts or glands (see p. 248).

LISSAUER Heinrich (1861–1891) Neurologist in Breslau.

Dorsolateral tract of the spinal cord (see p. 490).

LISTER Joseph (Lord) (1827–1912) Professor of Surgery in Glasgow (1860), Edinburgh (1869) and King's College, London (1877). Pioneer of antiseptic surgery.

Dorsal tubercle of the radius (see p. 104).

LITTLE James Laurence (1836–1885) Professor of Surgery in Vermont.

Site of arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum (see p. 375).

LITTRE Alexis (1658–1726) Surgeon and anatomist of Paris.

Glands of the penile urethra (see p. 320).

LOCKWOOD Charles Barrett (1856–1914) Surgeon to St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Founder of the Journal of Anatomy and Physiology.

Suspensory ligament of the eye (see p. 402).

LOUIS Pierre Charles Alexandre (1787–1872) Physician in Paris.

Angle between manubrium and body of the sternum; named after, not by, him (see p. 189).

LUDWIG Wilhelm Friedrich (1790–1865) Professor of Surgery and Midwifery in Tübingen. Court physician.

Submandibular cellulitis (see p. 331).

LUSCHKA Hubert (1820–1875) Professor of Anatomy in Tübingen from 1849 to 1875. Aperture in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle (see p. 483).

McBURNEY Charles (1845–1913) Professor of Surgery at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.

Point indicating the position of the base of the appendix (see p. 255) and abdominal incision (see p. 232).

MACEWEN Sir William (1848–1924) Surgeon at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow. He trained under Lister.

Suprameatal triangle, surface marking of mastoid antrium (see p. 507).

MACKENRODT Alwin (1859–1925) Professor of Gynaecology in Berlin. Also known as a pathologist.

Transverse cervical ligament of the uterus (see p. 304).

MAGENDIE François (1783–1855) Professor of Pathology and Physiology in Paris and physician to the Hôtel-Dieu.

Median aperture of the fourth ventricle (see p. 482).

MARSHALL John (1818–1891) Fullerian Professor of Physiology at the Royal Institute; Professor of Anatomy at the Royal Academy; Professor of Surgery at University College London.

Oblique vein of the left atrium (see p. 206).

MAYO Charles Horace (1865–1939) With his father and brother, founded a small hospital, which developed into the Mayo Clinic, the world's largest private hospital.

Prepyloric vein (see p. 249).

MECKEL Johann Friedrich (1724–1774) Professor of Anatomy, Botany and Gynaecology in Berlin. Dural space for the trigeminal ganglion (see p. 451).

MECKEL Johann Friedrich (1781–1833) Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Halle. Grandson of the preceding.

Cartilage of the first branchial arch (see p. 25), and ileal diverticulum (see p. 254).

MEIBOM Heinrich (1638–1700) Professor of Medicine, History and Poetry in Helmstadt. Sebaceous glands of the eyelids (see p. 398).

MEISSNER Georg (1829–1905) Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Basle and, later, Professor of Physiology in Göttingen.

Submucosal nerve plexus of the gut (see p. 247).

MÉNIÈRE Prosper (1799–1862) Physician in Paris.

Disease of the inner ear with deafness, tinnitus and vomiting (see p. 502).

MEYER Adolf (1866–1950) Neurologist in the USA.

Loop of optic radiation fibres (see p. 464).

MONRO Alexander (Secundus) (1733–1817) Succeeded his father Alexander Monro (Primus) as Professor of Anatomy in Edinburgh.

Interventricular foramen (see p. 467).

MONTGOMERY William Fetherstone (1797–1859) Professor of Midwifery in Dublin.

Tubercles of the areola of the breast (previously described by and called tubercles of Morgagni) (see p. 57).

MORGAGNI Giovanni Battista (1682–1771) Professor of Anatomy in Padua for 59 years, and considered to be the father of morbid anatomy.

Foramen between sternal and costal parts of diaphragm—site of congenital hernia (see p. 187).

MORISON James Rutherford (1853–1939) Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne. Emeritus Professor of Surgery at the University of Durham.

Hepatorenal pouch of peritoneum (see p. 237), and abdominal incision (see p. 233).

MÜLLER Johannes Peter (1801–1858) Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Berlin.

Paramesonephric duct (see p. 304).

ODDI Ruggero (1845–1906) Physiologist in Perugia.

Sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla (see p. 266).

ONUFROWICZ B (circa 1880) Medical Practitioner in Zurich. Later became Lecturer on Nervous and Mental Diseases at the New York Polytechnic and Associate in Pathology at the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals. Abridged his name to Onuf.

Nucleus in sacral segments of the spinal cord (see p. 298).

PACCHIONI Antoine (1665–1726) Professor of Anatomy in Rome and, later, in Tivoli.

Arachnoid granulations (see p. 440).

PACINI Filippo (1812–1883) Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Pisa and Professor of Histology in Florence.

Sensory end organs (see p. 238).

PANETH Joseph (1857–1890) Professor of Physiology in the Universities of Breslau and Vienna.

Cells at the base of intestinal crypts (see p. 248).

PARKlNSON James (1755–1824) Inherited his father's practice in the East End of London, and was a well-known palaeontologist.

Disease of basal nuclei (see p. 459).

PARKS Sir Alan Guyatt (1921–1982) Surgeon to St Mark's Hospital and the London Hospital, and President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1980 to 1982.

Mucosal suspensory ligament of the anal canal (see p. 315).

PARONA Francesco (1861–1910) Chief Surgeon to the Novara Hospital, Italy.

Deep intermuscular space of the forearm (see p. 69).

PASSAVANT Philipp Gustav (1815–1893) Surgeon in Frankfurt.

Ridge on the posterior pharyngeal wall during swallowing (see p. 389).

PETIT Jean Louis (1664–1750) Began to learn anatomy at the age of 7 and when he was 12 was demonstrator of anatomy for Littre. When he was 16 he was appointed Surgeon to La Charité Hospital in Paris and finally became Director of the Academy of Surgery. FRS 1729.

Lumbar muscular triangle (see p. 222).

PEYER Johann Conrad (1653–1712) Professor of Logic, Rhetoric and Medicine in Schaffhausen, Switzerland.

Aggregated lymphoid follicles in the lower ileum (see p. 254).

PFANNENSTIEL Hermann Johannes (1862–1909) Gynaecologist in Breslau.

Transverse lower abdominal incision (see p. 233).

POUPART François (1661–1709) Surgeon to the Hôtel-Dieu, Paris.

Inguinal ligament (see p. 222).

PRINGLE James Hogarth (1863–1941) Surgeon at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow.

Digital compression of hepatic artery and portal vein below the porta hepatis (see p. 262).

PURKINJE Jan Evangelista (1787–1869) Czech physiologist.

Subendocardial fibres (see p. 203).

RANVIER Louis Antoine (1835–1922) Physician and histologist in Paris.

Nodes of myelinated nerves (see p. 10).

RATHKE Martin Heinrich (1793–1860) Professor of Zoology and Anatomy in Königsberg.

Ectodermal pharyngeal pouch forming the adenohypophysis (see p. 448).

RAYNAUD Maurice (1834–1881) French physician.

Raynaud's syndrome (see p. 211)

REISSNER Ernst (1824–1878) Professor of Anatomy in Dorpat and, later, Breslau.

Vestibular membrane of the cochlea (see p. 420).

RETZIUS Andreas Adolf (1796–1860) Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Carolinska Institute, Stockholm, from 1840 to 1860.

Retropubic space (see p. 296).

RINNE Friedrich Heinrich Adolf (1819–1868) Otologist in Göttingen.

Tuning-fork hearing test (see p. 502).

RIOLAN Jean (1577–1657) Professor of Anatomy and Botany in Paris.

Arc of anastomosis between the middle colic and the ascending branch of the left colic arteries (see p. 258).

ROLANDO Luigi (1773–1831) First Professor of Practical Medicine at Sassari, Sardinia, and later, Professor of Anatomy at Turin.

Central sulcus of the cerebral hemisphere (see p. 456).

ROMBERG Moritz Heinrich von (1795–1873) Professor of Medicine in Berlin and a famous neurologist.

Sign recognizing loss of posterior column sensibility (see p. 489).

ROSENMÜLLER Johann Christian (1771–1820) Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Leipzig from 1802 to 1820.

Pharyngeal recess (see p. 387).

SANTORINI Giovanni Domenico (1681–1737) Professor of Anatomy and Medicine in Venice. Published a textbook of anatomy.

Accessory pancreatic duct (see p. 268).

SCARPA Antonio (1747–1832) Professor of Anatomy in Pavia. FRS 1791.

Fibrous layer of the superficial fascia of the abdomen (see p. 179).

SCHLEMM Friedrich (1795–1858) Professor of Anatomy in Berlin from 1833 to 1858. Canal at the junction of the cornea and the sclera (see p. 405).

SCHWANN Theodor (1810–1882) Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology in Liège. Neurilemmal cells of peripheral nerves (see p. 10).

SERTOLI Enrico (1842–1910) Professor of Experimental Physiology in Milan. Sustentacular cells of the testis (see p. 230).

SHARPEY William (1802–1880) Professor of Anatomy in Edinburgh and, later, at University College London, from 1836 to 1874.

Connective tissue fibres between periosteum and bone (see p. 5).

SHERRINGTON Sir Charles Scott (1857–1952) Professor of Physiology at the University of

Liverpool from 1895 to 1913 and at the University of Oxford from 1913 to 1936. FRS 1893.

Dermatomes (see p. 14).

SHRAPNELL Henry Jones (1761–1834) Surgeon to the South Gloucestershire Regiment; married Edward Jenner's ward and became a surgeon and anatomist in London.

Pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane (see p. 415).

SIBSON Francis (1814–1876) Professor of Medicine at St Mary's Hospital, London.

Fascia—suprapleural membrane—attached to the first rib (see p. 184).

SKENE Alexander John Chalmers (1838–1900) Born in Aberdeen, he studied in the USA and became Professor of Gynaecology in the Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, and, later, at the New York Postgraduate Medical School.

Paraurethral glands of the female (see p. 307).

STENSEN Niels (Nicolaus Steno) (1638–1686) Professor of Anatomy in Copenhagen. A pioneer in geology and crystallography, he gave up science to become a priest.

Parotid duct (see p. 359).

STURGE William Allen (1850–1919) and WEBER Frederick Parkes (1863–1962) London physicians.

Syndrome including port wine naevus in the trigeminal area (see p. 353).

SYLVIUS François de la Böe (1614–1672) Professor of Practical Medicine in Leiden.

Lateral sulcus of the cerebral hemisphere (see p. 456), and the aqueduct of the midbrain (see p. 476).

TENON Jacques René (1724–1816) Professor of Pathology in the Academy of Sciences, Paris, and Chief Surgeon at La Salpêtrière.

Fascial sheath of the eyeball (see p. 402).

TOLDT Karl (1840–1920) Professor of Anatomy in Prague and, later, Vienna.

White line of peritoneal fusion alongside descending colon (see p. 241).

TREITZ Wenzel (1819–1872) Professor of Pathological Anatomy in Krakow and, later, Professor of Pathology in Prague.

Suspensory muscle of the duodenum (see p. 253).

TRENDELENBURG Friedrich (1844–1924) Professor of Surgery in Rostock, Bonn and Leipzig.

Test for abductors of the hip (see p. 125).

TREVES Sir Frederick (1853–1923) Surgeon to the London Hospital. With Lord Lister, operated on King Edward VII for appendicitis.

Ileocaecal fold of peritoneum (see p. 257).

TROISIER Charles Émile (1844–1919) Professor of Pathology in Paris.

Sign of enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes in gastric carcinoma (see p. 250).

VALSALVA Antonio Maria (1666–1723) Professor of Anatomy at Bologna. He studied under Malpighi. Morgagni was his pupil.

Aortic sinuses (see p. 203).

VATER Abraham (1684–1751) Professor of Anatomy, Botany, Pathology and Therapeutics in Wittenberg.

Hepatopancreatic ampulla in the duodenal wall (see p. 266).

VESALIUS Andreas (1514–1564) Professor of Anatomy at Padua and, later, Bologna and Pisa. Physician to Charles V and Philip II of Spain. His anatomical atlas De humani corporis fabrica (Basle, 1543) is one of the world's greatest books.

Venous foramen medial to the foramen ovale (see p. 447).

VIDUS VIDIUS (Guido Guidi) (1500–1569) Physician to Francis I of France and, from 1548, Professor of Medicine at the University of Pisa.

Nerve of the pterygoid canal (see p. 370).

VOLKMANN Alfred Wilhelm (1800–1877) Professor of Physiology and Anatomy in Dorpat and, later, Halle.

Vascular canals in bone (see p. 5).

WALDEYER Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried (1836–1921) Professor of Pathological Anatomy in Breslau and, later, Berlin.

Ring of lymphoid tissue in the mouth and pharynx (see p. 387).

WEBER Ernst Heinrich (1795–1878) Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Leipzig.

Tuning-fork hearing test (also attributed to Friedrich Eugen Weber, 1832–1891, German otologist) (see p. 502).

WERNICKE Karl (1848–1904) Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry in Breslau and later, in Halle.

Posterior speech area of the cerebral cortex (see p. 463).

WHARTON Thomas (1616–1673) Physician to St Thomas' Hospital, London.

Submandibular duct (see p. 338).

WHITNALL Samuel Ernest (1876–1950) Professor of Anatomy at McGill University, Montreal (1919–1934), and at the University of Bristol (1935–1941).

Marginal tubercle on the zygomatic bone (see p. 398).

WILLIS Thomas (1621–1675) Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Oxford and subsequently physician to James II. One of the founders of the Royal Society.

Arterial circle at the base of the brain (see p. 471).

WINSLOW Jacob Benignus (1669–1760) At the age of 74 was appointed Professor of Anatomy, Physic and Surgery in Paris and was considered one of the best anatomical teachers in Europe.

Epiploic foramen (see p. 236).

WIRSUNG Johann Georg (1600–1643) Professor of Anatomy in Padua, where he was assassinated.

Pancreactic duct (see p. 268).

WOLFF Kaspar Friedrich (1733–1794) Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at St Petersburg. One of the founders of modern embryology.

Mesonephric duct (see p. 231).

WORM Ole (1588–1654) Danish theologian and anatomist. Professor of Greek and Philosophy, and later became Professor of Anatomy in Copenhagen.

Sutural bones of the skull (see p. 503).

WRISBERG Heinrich August (1739–1808) Anatomist and gynaecologist. Professor of Anatomy in Göttingen.

Posterior meniscofemoral ligament (see p. 139).